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Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Heavy Haze in changchun city in Northeast China

Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第6期27卷 989-1002页

作者： MA Siqi CHEN Weiwei ZHANG Shichun TONG Quansong BAO Qiuyang GAO Zongting Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130 102 China Jilin Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences Changehun 130012 China Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation and East Asian Monsoon Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province Changehun 130062 China Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Changbai Mountain Meteorology and Climate Change Institute of Meteoro- logical Science of Jilin Province Changehun 130062 China

Northeast China has been reported as having serious air pollution in China with increasing occurrences of severe haze epi- sodes. changchun city, as the center of Northeast China, has longstanding industry and is an important agricultural base. Additionally, changchun city has a long winter requiring heating of buildings emitting pollution into the air. These factors contribute to the complex- ity of haze pollution in this area. In order to analyze the causes of heavy haze, surface air quality has been monitored from 2013 to 2015. By using satellite and meteorological data, atmospheric pollution status, spatio-temporal variations and formation have been analyzed. Results indicated that the air quality in 88.9% of days exceeding air quality index （AQI） level-1 standard （AQI 〉50） according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard （NAAQS） of China. Conversely, 33.7% of the days showed a higher level with AQI 〉 100. Ex- treme haze events （AQI 〉 300） occurred frequently during agricultural harvesting period （from October 10 to November 10）, intensive winter heating period （from Late-December to February） and period of spring windblown dust （April and May）. Most daily concentra- tions of gaseous pollutants, i.e., NO2 （43.8 gg/m3）, CO （0.9 mg/m3）, SO2 （37.9 gg/m3）, and 03 （74.9 gg/m3） were evaluated within level-1 concentration limits of NAAQS standards. However, particulate matter （PM2.5 and PMI0） concentrations （67.3 ~tg/m3and 115.2 ~g/m3, respectively） were significantly higher than their level-1 limits. Severe haze in spring was caused by offsite transported dust and windblown surface soil. Heavy haze periods during fall and winter were mainly formed by intensive emissions of atmospheric pollutants and steady weather conditions （i.e., low wind speed and inversion layer）. The overlay emissions of widespread straw burning and coal combustion for heating were the dominant factors contributing to haze in autumn, while intensive coal burning during the coldest time was

关键词： air quality air quality index (AQI) air pollutant heavy haze event changchun city

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Alternatives of Strategic Environmental Assessment for Road Traffic Development Planning——Case of changchun city,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2009年第1期19卷 25-36页

作者： CHEN Chong XU Yex SHANG Jincheng Gordon HUANG College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China Energy and Environmental Research Center North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada

On analyzing the achievement of the goal in the modem urban road traffic development planning, the alternative of Strategic Environmental Assessment for urban traffic planning should include the basic scheme, the extended scheme and the environmental protection scheme. This study from different perspectives designed the alternatives for changchun＇s county-level road and urban road system planning, and used the method of System Dynamics to simulate, optimize and analyze those alternatives. Thereafter, some methods including the correlation function method were used to comprehensively assess and rank those alternatives for recommending two best alternatives with the consideration to the indicators, such as the total emission amount of CO, the total emission amount of nitrogen oxides, the noise value, the road construction cost, the fossil oil consumption and the traffic capacity. The result showed that the study would provide substantial supports for decision-makers to make more scientific decisions and promote the sustainable urban traffic in changchun city.

关键词： road traffic traffic planning Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) correlation function changchun city

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GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION INDEX MAPPING IN changchun city,CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2004年第1期14卷 63-70页

作者： Hamadoun BOKAR College of Environment and Resources Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026P.R.China

Groundwater in changchun city, Jilin Province of China tends to be influenced by human activities. Chemical types of groundwater were detected in both shallow and deep groundwater were: HCO3--Ca2+ and HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+ or HCO3--Mg2+·Ca2+; SO42--Ca2+ and SO42--Ca2+·Mg2+; Cl--Ca2+; and CO32--Na+. The deteriorations of groundwater quality due to the increase of TDS, NO3-+ NO2-(as Nitrogen) and TH contents have been observed from 1991 to 1998. Scatter analyses showed strong positive correlations between Ca2+, Cl-and NO3-ions and weak negative correlations between the depth of water table and Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-and NO3-ions. A mapping of contaminant index based on Chinese standard of groundwater showed that a large proportion of the groundwater in 1998 was deteriorated by human process. Despite their low values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the most of the sampled wells were not suitable for drinking and agriculture purposes due to higher contents of NO3-, NO2-and Mn2+ ions.

关键词： hydrochemistry groundwater quality contaminant index linear regression analysis GIS mapping changchun city

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Urban structural evolution over a century in changchun city, Northeast China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第12期28卷 1877-1895页

作者：匡文慧颜凤芹 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology CAS

Knowledge on urban land-use change and its driving forces has vital significance in the practice of urban planning and management. However, the characteristics of historical, long-term changes and their quantitative relationships with the urban environment are still poorly understood. Based on multi-source data, including remote sensing imageries, large-scale topographic maps, historical maps, multi-temporal city maps, and other urban thematic maps, high-quality spatial information on urban land use in the built-up area of changchun has been extracted for 1898, 1932, 1954, 1976, 1990, 2002, and 2012 by means of geographic information systems and remote sensing. We found that the land-use structure and spatial configuration has undergone tremendous alterations according to urban function in the 100-year history of changchun city. The built-up area of changchun expanded from 2.26 km^2 in 1898 to 328.12 km^2 in 2012, increasing about 144 times over the past century. Historically, the development of changchun can be categorized into three stages: the initial forming stage, the old industrial development stage, and the modern metropolis development stage. Commercial and industrial land expanded rapidly following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, with an increase from 1.74 km^2 in 1954 to 15.91 km^2 in 2012, and from 16.45 km^2 in 1954 to 107.05 km^2 in 2012, respectively. Although there was substantial growth in residential land use(from 1.81 km^2 in 1898 to 113.95 km^2 in 2012), the area percentage of residential land decreased continuously(from 80.09% in 1898 to 34.73% in 2012). Moreover, it was noted that the spatial configuration and structural percentage for commercial, industrial, and residential lands and others had tremendous divergences at different stages. These divergences of land-use structure occurred between the stages and were associated with social regimes and the functional orientation of urban society across the 100 years of histor

关键词： urban expansion land use urban structure driving factors changchun city China

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