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challenges and strategies in progress of drug delivery system for traditional Chinese medicine Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Danshen)

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2021年第1期13卷 78-89页

作者： Ruo-ning Wang Hua-cong Zhao Jian-yu Huang Hong-lan Wang Jun-song Li Yin Lu Liu-qing Di School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210046China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM Nanjing 210046China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica Nanjing 210046China

Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems(DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the characteristics of multi-components including alkaloids, flavones, anthraquinones, glycosides,proteins, volatile oils and other types. Therefore, the novel preparations and technology of modern pharmaceutics is introduced to improve TCM therapeutic effects due to instability and low bioavailability of active ingredients. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the radix and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen in Chinese), is a well known Chinese herbal medicine for protecting the cardiovascular system, with active ingredients mainly including lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic *** this review, this drug is taken as an example to present challenges and strategies in progress of DDSs for TCMs. This review would also summary the characteristics of active ingredients in it including physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this review is to provide inspirations and ideas for the DDSs designed from TCMs by summarizing the advances on DDSs for both singleand multi-component from Danshen.

关键词： active ingredients challenges and strategies drug delivery systems Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma traditional Chinese medicines

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Review on the challenges and strategies in oil and gas industry's transition towards carbon neutrality in China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3931-3944页

作者： Qi Zhang Jiang-Feng Liu Zhi-Hui Gao Si-Yuan Chen Bo-Yu Liu School of Business Administration China University of Petroleum(Beijing)at KaramayKaramay834000XinjiangChina School of Economics and Management China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Tianshan Research Institute Karamay834000XinjiangChina School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

In light of carbon-neutral pledge, the oil and gas industry has been facing several critical new challenges in China. The current status and new challenges in terms of market mechanism reform, supply-consumption balance and key technology innovation in China's oil and gas industry are reviewed in the present study, and new strategies and roadmaps are proposed to cope with the challenges. The study found that (i) the oil and gas market faces challenges such as incomplete pricing mechanisms, unclear subject rights, and the lack of recognition and trading of carbon assets. (ii) the trade-off between short-term supply security and long-term low-carbon supply is the most critical issue. (iii) in addition to typical challenges such as immature technology and lack of funding support, the unclear multiple technology coupling development mode also poses problems for the low-carbon transformation of the oil and gas industry. To address these new challenges, comprehensive strategies and roadmaps for China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality are proposed and discussed in the aspects of participating in market transactions, restructuring production and consumption, deploying key technology innovations, and planning enterprise strategies. The present study is expected to provide a blueprint for the future development of China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality.

关键词： China's oil and gas industry Carbon neutrality challenges and strategies

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China’s New National Curriculum Reform:Innovation,challenges and strategies

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Frontiers of Education in China 2007年第4期2卷 579-604页

作者： GUAN Qun MENG Wanjin Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems Florida State UniversityTallahassee 32306-4453USA China National Institute for Educational Research Beijing 100088China

This paper presents systematically China’s New National Curriculum Reform(CNNCR).It covers the background,origin,essence,goals,features,evolvement,schedule,implementation,the alignment in primary,secondary and middle... 详细信息

关键词： China’s New National Curriculum Reform(CNNCR) innovation challenges and strategies compulsory education

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Main group metal elements for ambient-condition electrochemical nitrogen reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 51-70,I0002页

作者： Ying Sun Yu Wang Hui Li Wei Zhang Xi-Ming Song Da-Ming Feng Xiaodong Sun Baohua Jia Hui Mao Tianyi Ma Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of ChemistryLiaoning UniversityShenyang 110036LiaoningChina Centre for Translational Atomaterials Faculty of ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVIC 3122Australia

Electrocatalytic N_(2) reduction under ambient-condition is considered to be the most appealing strategy to the conventional Haber-Bosch process for synthetic ammonia to alleviate greenhouse emissions and reduce environmental pollution, mainly powered by renewable energy. Recent years, rapid advances have been gained in this attractive research field, and numerous electrocatalysts have been exploited. However, its conversion efficiency is still far behind the requirement of industrial applications owing to the breakage of the N≡N triple bond, which is an energetically challenging kinetically complex multistep reaction and the strong competing reaction of hydrogen evolution reaction. Recently, main group metal-based catalysts have been demonstrated promising application prospect for ammonia production, significantly boosting their further application in this field. However, a comprehensive review of main group metal-based catalysts towards electrochemical ammonia production applications is still lacking. In this review, the fundamentals of N_(2) reduction, such as the reaction pathways, the reaction potential and the challenges of N_(2) reduction have been comprehensively discussed. And then, the role, mechanism, and effect of each main group element-based catalysts used for N_(2) reduction (Li, K, Al, Ga, Sn, Sb, Bi, and their compounds) are systematically summarized. Finally, several state-of-the-art strategies to promote their NRR catalytic performance, as well as the existing problems and prospects are put forward. This review is expected to guide the design and establishment of more efficient electrocatalytic N_(2) reduction systems based on main group metal elements in the future.

关键词： N2 reduction Main group Metal elements challenges and strategies

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