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Role of Organic Amendments to Mitigate Cd Toxicity and Its Assimilation in Triticum aestivum L.

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第11期91卷 2491-2504页

作者： Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir Sobia Aslam Muhammad Shahid Rizwan Allah Wasaya Muhammad Ateeq Muhammad Naeem Khan Sikander Khan Tanveer Walid Soufan Basharat Ali Allah Ditta Arpna Kumari Ayman EL Sabagh College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBahadur Sub-Campus Layyah31200Pakistan Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Directorate General Soil Survey of Punjab Agriculture DepartmentLahore54780Pakistan National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad44000Pakistan Plant Production Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Agricultural Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University SheringalDir(U)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa18000Pakistan Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344006Russia Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El Sheikh33511Egypt

In soil biota,higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium(Cd)is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth,yield,and quality parameters of most of the crop plants.Recently,in-situ applications of eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd-toxicity.This controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied organic amendments namely poultry manure(PM),farmyard manure(FYM),and sugarcane press mud(PS)to immobilize Cd in polluted soil.Moreover,phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline environment.Results revealed that the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))in Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased germination rate,leaf chlorophyll content,plant height,spike length,biological and grain yield amongst all applied organic amendments.Moreover,the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))also reduced the phytoavailability of Cd by 73–85%in the roots,57–83%in the shoots,and 81–90%in grains of wheat crop.Thus,it is affirmed that incorporation of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating Cd.Thus,the application of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy alkaline polluted soil.

关键词： Cadmium toxicity mitigation chlorophyll attributes morphometry yield attributes cereal

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Effects of cereal fiber on bowel function: A systematic review of intervention trials

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第29期21卷 8952-8963页

作者： Jan de Vries Paige E Miller Kristin Verbeke De Vries Nutrition Solutions Inc. Center for Epidemiology Biostatistics and Computational Biology Exponent Inc. Nutrition and Food Service Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven

AIM: To comprehensively review and quantitatively summarize results from intervention studies that examined the effects of intact cereal dietary fiber on parameters of bowel function. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Pub Med and EMBASE. Supplementary literature searches included screening reference lists from relevant studies and reviews. Eligible outcomes were stool wet and dry weight, percentage water in stools, stool frequency and consistency, and total transit time. Weighted regression analyses generated mean change(± SD) in these measures per g/d of dietary fiber. RESULTS: Sixty-five intervention studies among generally healthy populations were identified. A quantitative examination of the effects of non-wheat sources of intact cereal dietary fibers was not possible due to an insufficient number of studies. Weighted regression analyses demonstrated that each extra g/d of wheat fiber increased total stool weight by 3.7 ± 0.09 g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 3.50-3.84), dry stool weight by 0.75 ± 0.03 g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.69-0.82), and stool frequency by 0.004 ± 0.002 times/d(P = 0.0346; 95%CI: 0.0003-0.0078). Transittime decreased by 0.78 ± 0.13 h per additional g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.53-1.04) of wheat fiber among those with an initial transit time greater than 48 h.CONCLUSION: Wheat dietary fiber, and predominately wheat bran dietary fiber, improves measures of bowel function.

关键词： Comprehensive review Dietary fiber Wheat bran cereal Bowel function

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Flood Disaster Reduction in China's Major cereal Production Areas

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2000年第3期 13-18页

作者： LI Fuxiang, WANG Shaoli (Institute of Water Conservancy, Chinese Academy of Water Conservancy and Hydraulic Electricity, Beijing 100044)

Northeast China (hereinafter referred to as NEC), the river basins of Huanghhe (the Yellow River), Huaihe and Haihe (hereinafter shortened to RBHHH) and the middle & lower reaches of the Yangtze River (hereinafter referred to as MLRYR) are the three major areas for agricultural and cereal production in China, advantageous in natural resources and tremendously potential for agricultural development. In 1996, the cereal yield and agricultural output of the areas accounted for 66% and 63.7% respectively of their national total. In the meantime, the three areas are places where flood disasters occur most frequently, extensively and disastrously. The economic loss caused by flood disasters to the areas occupies more than 60% of the national total on average. Flooding, waterlog, inundation, drought and salinity have resulted in the massive medium and low yield fields of the areas, including over 20 billion hectares of unmanaged or poorly managed low yield saline land that is low lying and prone to waterlog. Suppose the fields are well managed, an increase of at least 50 million tons of cereal yield can be expected, taking up 56.8% of the total cereal increase of these areas. Besides, disaster caused reduction in cereal yield can be avoided or weakened. From this perspective, flood disaster prevention & reduction in the major cereal production areas is a very important factor for the sustained growth of cereal production in China in the 21 st century.

关键词： cereal production area flood disaster cereal yield flood disaster reduction

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Allelopathic Effects of cereal Rye on Weed Suppression and Forage Yield in Alfalfa

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 685-700页

作者： Laxman Adhikari Mohsen Mohseni-Moghadam Ali Missaoui Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics University of Georgia Athens GA USA

cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) is widely used as cover crop because of its allelopathic effects and effectiveness in weed suppression. In the Southeastern US, rye is traditionally grown for winter grazing in dormant bermudagrass pastures, where alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is increasingly planted as a companion crop. The effect of cereal rye on alfalfa as a succeeding crop is not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cereal rye on alfalfa seedling emergence, growth, forage yield, and weed suppression in field conditions. Rye was planted in the fall (mid-October) and the biomass was harvested in spring (March) followed by disking and incorporation of the remaining stubble in the soil. Alfalfa seed was planted four weeks later. The experiment design was a split-plot design with the main plots being no-rye and after-rye and the sub-plots being alfalfa cultivars. Ten alfalfa cultivars were planted in three replications after-rye and three replications with no-rye as a previous crop. In the establishment year, weed density was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the after-rye alfalfa plots by nearly 77%. Alfalfa seedling counts were also significantly lower (p 0.01) among the cultivars planted in the after-rye block compared to the no-rye, with a seedling count reduction between 35% and 64%. Reduction in total dry biomass yield varied from 15% to 43% among the cultivars planted in the after-rye block. The results of this study also suggest that the allelopathic effect of rye on alfalfa may not persist beyond the establishment season, but the enormous yield reduction in the first production season may constitute a costly economic penalty in terms of forage production. There was variation in the response of different alfalfa cultivars to the effect of rye residue as indicated by the variation in the magnitude of reduction in stand count and forage yield. This warrants more research in multi-location trials with and without rye in order to establish whether there is genetic variation i

关键词： Allelopathy Alfalfa cereal Rye Biological Weed Control Biomass

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Observation on the initial inoculum source and dissemination of Entomophthorales-caused epizootics in populations of cereal aphids

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第1期47卷 38-43页

作者： CHEN Chun & FENG MingguangInstitute of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Institute of Microbiology College of Life Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Institute of Microbiology College of Life Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Institute of Applied Entomology College of Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A total number of 1092 migratory alates were trapped from air in wheat grown area of Yuanyang County, Henan Province from early April through May 2002 in order to confirm the source and dissemination of entomophthoralean inocula to cause epizootics of cereal aphids. Those included 415 Sitobion avenae, 642 Rhopalosiphum padi, 22 Metopolophium dirhodum, and 13 Schizaphis graminum. The trapped alates were daily collected and individually reared for 7 days on wheat plants in laboratory. Of those 341 alates died of fungal infection, taking 31.2% in the trapped alates. These included 224 S. avenae, 106 R. padi, 8 M. dirhodum, and 3 S. graminum. Deaths of all infected alates occurred during the first 5 days and 78.9% of the deaths occurred within the first 3 days. Individual examination under microscope proved that all deaths were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi. Of those Pandora neoaphidis accounted for 84.6%, Conidiobolus obscurus for 9.9%, and Entomophthora planchoniana for 5.5%. Four alate deaths died of cross infection of P. neoaphidis and C. conidiobolus. Based on the high infection rate of the migratory alates trapped from air and the field occurrence of epizootics in populations of cereal aphids during the trapping period, Entomophthorales-caused epizootics were likely disseminated by infected alates through their flight and colonization. This makes it reasonable to interpret worldwide distribution of aphid epizootics, particularly caused by P. neoaphidis that has no resting spores discovered.

关键词： Entomophthorales, cereal aphids, infected alates, initial inoculum, fungal dissemination.

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Determining Nutritive Value of cereal Crop Residues and Lentil (<i>Lens esculanta</i>) Straw for Ruminants

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 19-29页

作者： Eyob Haile Mathew Gicheha Francis K. Njonge Goitom Asgedom Department of Animal Sciences Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of Animal Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The chemical composition and in situ dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability of seven different cereal crop residues were evaluated in this study. They included the Sorghum stovers (SS) and its threshed head residues (STH), millet stovers (MS) and its threshed head residues (MTH), corn stover (CS), wheat (WS) and barley (BS) straws. A legume crop residue (lentil, Lens esculanta, straw;LS) was included for comparison with the cereal crop residues. The CS was high (P crude protein (CP) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and the lowest (P cereal crop residues. There were differences in digestible DM (DMD) at various incubation times both between and within the feed samples. The DM and OM a, c fraction were highest (P < 0.05) for LS when compared to all the cop residues evaluated. The BS and MS had the lowest effective degradability (ED) DM at 0.02 and 0.05 (P < 0.05) rates of passage, while the LS had the highest. The chemical composition and degradability of different crop residues found in Eritrea indicate the potential the residues have in supplementing grazing animals.

关键词： cereal Crop Residues Chemical Composition Degradability Nutritive Value

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A Freight Mode Choice Analysis Using a Binary Logit Model and GIS: The Case of cereal Grains Transportation in the United States

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第2期2卷 175-188页

作者： Guoqiang Shen Jiahui Wang Division of Regional and City Planning College of Architecture School of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering The University of Oklahoma Norman USA

Mode choice is important in shipping commodities efficiently. This paper develops a binary logit model and a regression model to study the cereal grains movement by truck and rail in the United States using the publically available Freight Analysis Framework (FAF2.2) database and U.S. highway and networks and TransCAD, a geographic information system with strong transportation modeling capabilities. The binary logit model and the regression model both use the same set of generic variables, including mode split probability, commodity weight, value, network travel time, and fuel cost. The results show that both the binary logit and regression models perform well for cereal grains transportation in the United States, with the binary logit model yielding overall better estimates with respect to the observed truck and rail mode splits. The two models can be used to study other commodities between two modes and may produce better results if more mode specific variables are used.

关键词： Binary Logit Regression Freight Mode Choice cereal Grains

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1993-2017年气候变化对西藏谷物单产的定量影响

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第1期32卷 101-116页

作者：丁锐史文娇 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Climate change is a global environmental crisis, but there have been few studies of the effects of climate change on cereal yields on the Tibetan Plateau. We used data from meteorological stations and statistical yearbooks to assess the impacts of climate change on cereal yields in Tibet. Three types of statistical models were selected: fixed-effects model, first-difference models, and linear detrending models. We analyzed the impacts of climate change(including the minimum temperature, precipitation, growing degree days and solar radiation) on cereal yields in Tibet from 1993 to 2017 at the county, prefecture-level city, and autonomous region scales. The results showed that the sensitivity of cereal yields in Tibet to temperature(minimum temperature and growing degree days) was greater than their sensitivity to precipitation and solar radiation. The joint impacts of climate variables were positive, but the sensitivity and significance varied in different regions. The impacts of minimum temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were positive in all cities, apart from the negative impacts of growing degree days on cereal yields in Lhasa. The impacts of climate trends on cereal yields in Tibet were positive and the results were in the range of 1.5%–4.8%. Among the three types of model, the fixed-effects model was the most robust and the linear detrending model performed better than the first-difference model. The robustness of the first-difference model decreased after adding the interaction terms between different climate variables. Our findings will help in implementing more spatially targeted agricultural adaptations to cope with the impacts of climate change on the agro-ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau climate change statistical model cereal yields

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The rice PLATZ protein SHORT GRAIN6 determines grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第6期62卷 847-864页

作者： Shi-Rong Zhou Hong-Wei Xue National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Grain size is a major determinant of cereal grain yields;however,the relevant regulatory mechanisms controlling this trait have not been fully elucidated.The rice(Oryza sativa)mutant short grain6(sg6)was identified based on its reduced grain length and weight.Here,we functionally characterized the role of SG6 in determining grain size through the regulation of spikelet hull cell division.SG6 encodes a previously uncharacterized plant ATrich sequence and zinc-binding(PLATZ)protein that is ubiquitously localized throughout the cell and is preferentially expressed in the early developing panicles but not in the endosperm.The overexpression of SG6 resulted in significantly larger and heavier grains,as well as increased plant heights,which is consistent with its elevated spikelet hull cell division rate.Yeast two-hybrid analyses revealed that SG6 interacts with the core cell cycle machinery DP protein and several other putative cell division regulators,consistent with our transcriptomic analysis,which showed that SG6 activates the expression of many DNA replication and cell-cycle-related genes.These results confirm the crucial role of SG6 in determining grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division and provide clues for understanding the functions of PLATZ family proteins and the network regulating cereal grain size.

关键词： sativa) fir cereal

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ESCRTing in cereals: still a long way to go

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第9期62卷 1144-1152页

作者： Verena Ibl Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology University of Vienna

The multivesicular body(MVB) sorting pathway provides a mechanism for the delivery of cargo destined for degradation to the vacuole or lysosome.The endosomal sorting complex required for transport(ESCRT) is essential for the MVB sorting pathway by driving the cargo sorting to its destination.Many efforts in plant research have identified the ESCRT machinery and functionally characterised the first plant ESCRT proteins.However,most studies have been performed in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that is genetically and physiologically different to crops.cereal crops are important for animal feed and human nutrition and have further been utilized as promising candidates for recombinant protein production.In this review,I summarize the role of plant ESCRT components in cereals that are involved in efficient adaptation to environmental stress and grain development.A special focus is on barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) ESCRT proteins,where recent studies show their quantitative mapping during grain development,e.***.associating HvSNF7.1 with protein trafficking to protein bodies(PBs) in starchy endosperm.Thus,it is indispensable to identify the molecular key-players within the endomembrane system including ESCRT proteins to optimize and possibly enhance tolerance to environmental stress,grain yield and recombinant protein production in cereal grains.

关键词： ESCRT cereal barley grain endosperm SNF7 abiotic stress biotic stress

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