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central force optimization with Gravity <0, Elitism, and Dynamic Threshold optimization: An Antenna Application, 6-Element Yagi-Uda Arrays

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Wireless Engineering and Technology 2021年第4期12卷 53-82页

作者： Richard A. Formato Consulting Engineer & Registered Patent Attorney of Counsel Emeritus Cataldo & Fisher LLC Woburn MA USA

This paper investigates the effect of adding three extensions to central force optimization when it is used as the Global Search and optimization method for the design and optimization of 6-elementYagi-Uda arrays. Those extensions are Negative Gravity, Elitism, and Dynamic Threshold Optimization. The basic CFO heuristic does not include any of these, but adding them substantially improves the algorithm’s performance. This paper extends the work reported in a previous paper that considered only negative gravity and which showed a significant performance improvement over a range of optimized arrays. Still better results are obtained by adding to the mix Elitism and DTO. An overall improvement in best fitness of 19.16% is achieved by doing so. While the work reported here was limited to the design/optimization of 6- element Yagis, the reasonable inference based on these data is that any antenna design/optimization problem, indeed any Global Search and Optimiza

关键词： Yagi Yagi-Uda Array Antenna Antenna Design optimization central force central force optimization CFO CFO-GED Negative Gravity Elitism Dynamic Threshold optimization DTO Dynamic Threshold Metaheuristic Evolutionary Computation

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Six-Element Yagi Array Designs Using central force optimization with Pseudo Random Negative Gravity

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Wireless Engineering and Technology 2021年第3期12卷 23-51页

作者： Richard A. Formato Cataldo & Fisher LLC Woburn USA

A six-element Yagi-Uda array is optimally designed using central force optimization (CFO) with a small amount of pseudo randomly injected negative gravity. CFO is a simple, deterministic metaheuristic analogizing gravitational kinematics (motion of masses under the influence of gravity). It has been very effective in addressing a wide range of antenna and other problems and normally employs only positive gravity. With positive gravity the six element CFO-designed Yagi array described here exhibits excellent performance with respect to the objectives of impedance bandwidth and forward gain. This paper addresses the question of what happens when a small amount of negative gravity is injected into the CFO algorithm. Does doing so have any effect, beneficial, negative or neutral? In this particular case negative gravity improves CFO’s exploration and creates a region of optimality containing many designs that perform about as well as or better than the array discovered with only positive gravity. Without some negative gravity these array configurations are overlooked. This Yagi-Uda array design example suggests that antennas optimized or designed using deterministic CFO may well benefit by including a small amount of negative gravity, and that the negative gravity approach merits further study.

关键词： Antenna 6-Element Array Yagi Yagi-Uda Array Impedance Bandwidth VSWR Forward Gain Antenna Design Antenna optimization central force optimization CFO Deterministic Metaheuristic Evolutionary Algorithm Gravity Gravitational Kinematics Exploration Exploitation

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