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Double Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves a Polyspermy Block on the Egg but Not the central cell

Molecular Plant 2008年第4期1卷 611-619页

作者： Rod J. Scott Susan J. Armstrong James Doughty Melissa Spielman Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom School of Biosciences The University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom

In animal reproduction, thousands of sperm may compete to fertilize a single egg, but polyspermy blocks prevent multiple fertilization that would otherwise lead to death of the embryo. In flowering plants, successful seed development requires that only two sperm are delivered to the embryo sac, where each must fertilize a female gamete （egg or central cell） to produce the embryo and endosperm. Therefore, polyspermy must be avoided, not only to prevent abnormalities in offspring, but to ensure double fertilization. It is not understood how each sperm fertilizes only one female gamete, nor has the existence of polyspermy barriers been directly tested in vivo. Here, we sought evidence for poly- spermy blocks in angiosperms using the polyspermic tetraspore （tes） mutant of Arabidopsis, which allows in-vivo challenge of egg and central cell with multiple male gametes. We show that tes mutant pollen tubes can transmit more than one sperm pair to an embryo sac, and that sperm from more than one pair can participate in fertilization. We detected endosperms but not embryos with ploidies that could only result from multiple fertilization. Our results therefore demonstrate an in-vivo polyspermy block on the egg, but not the central cell of a flowering plant.

关键词： Double Fertilization Arabidopsis thaliana Involves Polyspermy Block central cell

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Gamete Recognition in Higher Plants:An Abstruse but Charming Mystery

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第7期50卷 868-874页

作者： Xiong-Bo Peng Meng-Xiang Sun Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Although much effort has been made to uncover the mechanism underlying double fertilization, little knowledge has been acquired for understanding the molecular base of gamete recognition, mainly because of technical limitations. Still, progress has been made in terms of the mechanism, including the identification of candidate molecules that are involved in gamete recognition in angiosperms. New cues for gamete recognition have been found by the successful separation of the gametes and construction of gamete-specific cDNA libraries in several species, and the application of molecular approaches for studying this process by mutations. Thus, the topic is considered an abstruse but charming mystery.

关键词： central cell egg cell fertilization gamete recognition sperm cell.

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Molecular regulation of pollen tube guidance in Arabidopsis

Molecular regulation of pollen tube guidance in Arabidopsis

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2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Hong-Ju Li Tong Wang Meng-Xia Zhang Liang Liang Yong Xue Wei-Cai Yang State key laboratory of molecular developmental biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Sexual reproduction requires recognition between the male and female gametes. In animals,the sperms swim to the egg attracted by the egg-derived chemotropic signals. While for angiosperms,the most prosperous species on earth,the sperm cells are immobile,thus a sperm-delivery structure—pollen tube is evolved. Through polar growth,the pollen tubes deliver the two sperm cells to the ovule-enclosed female gametophyte embedded in the pistil. During this process,the pollen tubes are attracted by the female gametophytes to reach the receptive synergid cells. The synergid cells can secret peptide signals to attract the pollen tubes,while it is long-puzzled that how pollen tubes sense and decode these signals to achieve directional growth. Another interesting phenomenon is that as one of the two gametes,the central cell also controls the attraction ability of the female gametophyte through a transcription factor CCG. But the underlining mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that a pair of pollen tube-enriched receptor like kinases MDIS1 and MIK1 function as a heterodimer in pollen tube response to the female gametophyte and transduce the signal through cytosolic protein kinases and ROP signaling pathway. Further,expression of MDIS1 in C. rubella,the sister species of Arabidopsis,can partially breakdown the interspecies cross barrier. And recently,we identified several components required for the maturation and transporting of the receptors like kinases. Through biochemical strategies,we identified a transcriptional complex CCG-CBP1 in the central cell required for the synergids function. CBP1 interacts with mediator components MED7 and MED9 as well as the RNA polymerase II. Transcriptome results suggest that CCG and CBP1 co-regulate a subset of genes expressed in both the synergid cells and central cell. These results suggest that active intercellular communication is essential for the full function of the female gametophyte.

关键词： pollen tube guidance female gametophyte central cell synergid cells

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