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Studies in Effect of Low Concentration of cenosphere on Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical, Crystallinity, Colorimetric and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Cured with Triethylenetetramine

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2013年第4期1卷 117-123页

作者： Pravin Kadam Bhushan Pawar Shashank Mhaske Department of Polymer Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

cenospheres are produced in very large amount in thermal power plants. They are always looked upon as fillers used to reduce the density and cost of the polymer. If cenosphere particles are allowed to remain properly dispersed by taking it in lower concentration, significant improvement in its mechanical, thermal, electrical, crystallinity, colorimetric and morphological properties are expected. To make it happen, epoxy/cenosphere composites were prepared, having lower concentration of cenosphere. Concentration of cenosphere in epoxy, cured with triethylenetetramine, was changed as 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Tensile Strength, Tensile Modulus, Percentage Elongation at Break and Crystallinity decreased, whereas, Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus were found to have increased by 50% and above 100% respectively at 7 phr loading of cenosphere in epoxy. Thermal and electrical stability also increased with increase in concentration of cenosphere in the epoxy, however, the samples became blackish with increased addition of cenosphere. Using SEM analysis it was found that, cenospheres were properly and uniformly dispersed at 7 phr concentration and formed aggregates at 10 phr concentration.

关键词： Triethylenetetramine Epoxy cenosphere Crystallinity Electrical Thermal Tensile Strength

Effect of Micro Size cenosphere Particles Reinforcement on Tribological Characteristics of Vinylester Composites under Dry Sliding Conditions

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第10期11卷 938-946页

作者： Santram Chauhan Sunil Thakur Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P.) India

In this paper the friction and wear characteristics of vinylester and cenosphere reinforced vinylester composites have been investigated under dry sliding conditions, under different applied normal load and sliding speed. Wear tests were carried using pin on a rotating disc under ambient conditions. Tests were conducted at normal loads 10, 30, 50 and 70 N and under sliding velocity of 1.88, 3.14, 4.39 and 5.65 m/s. The results showed that the coefficient of friction decreases with the increase in applied normal load values under dry conditions. On the other hand for pure vinylester specific wear rate increases with increase in applied normal load. However the specific wear rate for 2%, 6%, 10% and 15% cenosphere reinforced vinylester composite decreases with the increase in applied normal load under dry conditions. The results showed that with increase in the applied normal load and sliding speed the coefficient of friction and spe- cific wear rate decreases under dry sliding conditions. It is also found that a thin film formed on the counterface seems to be effective in improving the tribological characteristics. The specific wear rates for pure vinylester and vinylester composite under dry sliding condition were in the order of 10-6 mm3/Nm. The results showed that the inclusion of cenosphere as filler materials in vinylester composites will increase the wear resistance of the composite significantly. SEM analysis has been carried to identify the wear mechanism.

关键词： Composites cenosphere Coefficient of Friction Vinylester Wear

Effect of cenosphere Concentration on the Mechanical, Thermal, Rheological and Morphological Properties of Nylon 6

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第8期11卷 807-812页

作者： P. A. Wasekar P. G. Kadam S. T. Mhaske Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Matunga Mumbai India

cenospheres are widely used as filler in thermoset plastics and concrete mainly for density reduction of the material. But there is no work noted of using cenosphere as filler in thermoplastics. In this paper cenosphere concentration was varied from 0 to 10 phr of nylon 6 and the effect of the same on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological properties of the composite were studied. Elongation was found to have increased by 83% and impact strength by 44% at 2.5 phr loading of cenosphere. Flexural strength increased upto 25% at 10 phr content of cenosphere.

关键词： Nylon 6 cenosphere Crystallinity Reinforcing Agent

Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile and Corrosion Properties of LM6 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with cenosphere and Red Mud

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 1-17页

作者： Ravi Kumar V. Suresh R. Prakash Rao C. R. Ravi Kumar D. V. Bharat V. Department of Mechanical Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Industrial & Automation Engineering VTU PG Centre Mysuru India

The increased expectation of automotive, aviation and marine industries pertaining to the enhanced properties and their use in elevated temperature conditions and also corrosive environments leads to the development of the newer material to meet the requirements. The requirements of the automobile and marine applications call for the increased mechanical properties and lower density accompanied with higher resistance to oxidation. Hence the present research work is aimed at the development of Hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) using low-density base material and reinforcements. The aluminum of grade LM6 is preferred material in automobile industries, because it can be cast to any complex geometry and possess good machinability, further upon heat treatment, the properties of LM6 alloy can be enhanced to meet the industry requirements. However, requirements of automobile industries consist of increased mechanical properties, lower density and higher corrosion resistance. Hence, in the present research work, it is aimed to develop newer composite material using LM 6 grade Aluminum alloy as matrix material which is reinforced with varied percent cenosphere and Red mud.

关键词： LM6 Alloy cenosphere Red Mud HMMCs Tensile Test NaCl NaOH Salt Spray Test Immersion Corrosion Test

Corrosion Behavior of cenosphere Reinforced Al7075 Metal Matrix Composite —An Experimental Approach

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 424-437页

作者： Ravi Kumar D. V. Seenappa C. R. Prakash Rao V. Bharat Department of Mechanical Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government Engineering College Ramanagara India

Aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) are considered in several technological applications owing to their enhanced mechanical properties when compared with monolithic metals. Research on the mechanical properties MMCs was done by many researchers;however in depth study on the oxidation behavior of cenosphere, reinforced MMCs are required, since the application of Aluminum-based MMCs is extensively used in applications like automobile, navigation and aviation, where the demand on light weight corrosion resistance material is very much required. In the present work varied compositions of Al7075 grade Aluminum-cenosphere composites use liquid metallurgy route adopting stir casting approach. The experimental study was aimed at experimental investigations of developed composites under different corrosive environments. The corrosion tests were carried out as per ASTM standards. Salt spray test using NaCl was carried out as per ASTM B117 and immersion tests using NaCl and NaOH as corrodents were carried out by following ASTM G31 standards. The results obtained from the tests revealed that as increase in weight % of reinforcement, corrosion resistance increases up to 7.5% reinforcement, and further the corrosion resistance decreases marginally. Solution heat treated samples exhibited higher resistance to oxidation than cast samples in all corrosive environments. The SEM images show the presence of micro cracks and occurrence of pitting corrosion on the corrosion tested specimens.

关键词： Al7075 cenosphere Metal Matrix Composites NaCl NaOH Salt Spray Test Corrosion Wear

SURFACE METALLIZATION OF cenosphereS AND PRECIPITATORS BY ELECTROLESS PLATING

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China Particuology 2003年第4期1卷 156-161页

作者： Chujiang Cai Zhigang Shen Mingzhu Wang Shulin Ma Yushan Xing Beijing Key Laboratory for Powder Technology Research and Development Beijing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsBeijing 100083P.R.China

This paper reports the use of a colloidal Pd0 catalysis system to metallize the surface of precipitators separated from coal fly-ash, and metals such as Cu, Ni etc. are deposited on the precipitators surface. Alternatively, according to the characteristic surface of cenospheres, an Ag coating catalysis system is adopted to first deposit Ag on the cenospheres surface, followed, if necessary, by the deposition of other metals such as Cu, Ni, etc. on the Ag coating to produce monolayer and multilayer metal-coated cenospheres. The surface characteristics and the morphologies of the metal coatings are examined in detail with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. It can be shown that the quality of metal coatings derived from the Ag coating catalysis system, is better than that of the colloidal Pd0 catalysis system.

关键词： electroless plating precipitator cenosphere metal coating

Thermal Conduction and Insulation Modification in Asphalt-Based Composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第3期28卷 285-288页

作者： Xiaofeng Zhou Shengyue Wang Chao Zhou School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Fundamental Sciences Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224003China

The relationship between thermal conductivity and properties of mixing particles is required for quantitative study of heat transfer processes in asphalt-based materials. In this paper, we measured the e？ective ther- mal conductivity of asphalt-based materials with thermal conduction （graphite） and insulation （cenosphere） powders modification. By taking account of the particle shape, volume fraction, the thermal conductivity of filling particles and base asphalt, we present a new differential effective medium formula to predict the thermal conductivity modification in asphalt-based composite. Our theoretical predications are in good agreement with the experiment data. The new model can be applied for predicting the thermal properties of asphalt-based mixture, which is available for most of thermal modification in two-phase composites.

关键词： Thermal conductivity Asphalt-based composites Graphite cenosphere Differential effective medium formula