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cementation Characteristics and Their Effect on Quality of the Upper Triassic, the Lower Cretaceous, and the Upper Cretaceous Sandstone Reservoirs, Euphrates Graben, Syria

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第6期32卷 1545-1562页

作者： Ibrahem Yousef Vladimir Morozov Vladislav Sudakov Ilyas Idrisov Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies Kazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia

This article presents the results of cementation characteristics and their effect on sandstone reservoir quality of the Upper Triassic Mulussa F, the Lower Cretaceous Lower Rutbah, and the Upper Cretaceous Post Judea Sandstone formations in selected fields in the Euphrates Graben area, Syria. This study emphasises the role of cementation in the evaluation of the diagenetic history of the sediments, developing effective porosity, as well as evaluation of reservoirs stimulation procedures and potential for formation damage of the sandstone reservoirs. Quartz cement is present as well developed tabular or pyramidal syntaxial overgrowths. Kaolinite cement is present as vermicular aggregates which are most abundant within sandstones of the Mulussa F Formation. Carbonate cements include siderite and dolomite. Four lithofacies were identified within the studied formations;lithofacies-1 and 2 correspond to fluvial depositional environments, lithofacies-3 and 4 correspond to fluvial to estuarine channel environments. The Post Judea Sandstone and the Lower Rutbah reservoir units are typically lithofacies-3 sequences in which quartz overgrowths are the dominant cement. Because the total cement is more extensive in the Post Judea Sandstone Formation than in the Lower Rutbah Formation, resulting in high porosity(up to 26%) and permeability(6 000 mD), the reservoir quality is predicted to be best in the Post Judea Sandstone Formation. The reservoir units in the Mulussa F Formation contain the highest cement volumes comprised of early siderite and kaolinite, which, with the development of compaction-resisting quartz overgrowths and resultant compactional pore volume loss, has resulted in typically lower porosity being preserved than in the Lower Rutbah and Post Judea Sandstone formations.

关键词： cementation diagenesis reservoirs quality Euphrates Graben Syria

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Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Pore Structure on Resistivity, Formation Factor and cementation Index in Tight Sandstone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 290-304页

作者： WU Feng WEN Zhu YAO Cong WANG Xianhu XI Yanping CONG Linlin State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization&Sedimentary Mineral Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China No.1 Mudlogging Company Bohai Drilling Engineering CompanyChina National Petroleum Corporation.Tianjing 300280China Logging Research Institution of Xinjiang Branch China National Petroleum CorporationKaramayXinjiang 834000China

Tight sandstone,with severe diagenesis and complex pore structure,differs greatly from conventional sandstone in terms of rock electrical *** subsurface rock electrical experiments,various electrical parameters are confounded and can only be analyzed *** lack of quantitative analysis for each individual electrical parameter presents a challenge for the evaluation of oil and gas saturation in tight *** on the 2D pore-throat model and the features of pore structure in the tight sandstone of the Penglaizhen and Shaximiao Formations in the upper and middle Jurassic of the Western Sichuan Depression,this paper presents 3D micro pore-throat models for three types of tight *** proposes a finite element-based rock electrical simulation method to analyze the influence of pore structure parameters,such as throat radius and throat tortuosity,on electrical parameters such as resistivity,formation factor,and cementation index *** research revealed the following results:(1)Throats of tight sandstone usually have lamellar or curved lamellar shapes that are slender and *** lamellar throat used in the proposed porethroat model is more consistent with the features of tight sandstone than the tubular throat used in the original model.(2)The throat determines the conductivity of tight *** throat parallel to the electric potential has the greatest influence on conductivity,and the throat perpendicular to the potential has the least influence.(3)In tight sandstone grades I to III,as the porosity decreases,the formation factor increases and the cementation index decreases.(4)The results of the rock electrical simulation are consistent with the results of the rock electrical experiment,which indicates that the proposed rock electrical simulation method of tight sandstone is effective and accurate.

关键词： tight sandstone resistivity formation factor cementation index numerical simulation western Sichuan Depression

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Experimental study on failure evolution mechanism of clastic rock considering cementation and intermediate principal stress

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第7期15卷 1636-1650页

作者： Feiyan Wang Xia-Ting Feng Yangyi Zhou Xiaojun Yu Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent Technology Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

The study of clastic rock failure evolution under true triaxial stress is an important research topic;however,it is rarely studied systematically due to the limitation of monitoring *** this study,true triaxial compression tests were conducted on clastic rock specimens to investigate the effect of cementation and intermediate principal stress(s2)on the failure *** complete stressestrain curves were obtained,while the acoustic emission(AE)was monitored to indirectly evaluate the evo-lution of tensile and shear cracks,and crack evolution under true triaxial compression was imaged in real time by a high-speed *** results showed that the deformation and failure characteristics of clastic rock were closely related to the cementation type and intermediate principal *** the basis of the distribution characteristics of the ratio of rise time to amplitude(RA)and the average frequency(AF)of AE signals,tensile cracks of the contact cementation specimen propagated ***,the enhancement of specimen cementation promoted the evolution of shear cracks,and the increase inσ_(2)promoted the evolution of tensile ***,the mesoscale cracking mechanism of clastic rock caused by cementation andσ_(2)under true triaxial compression was *** failure patterns of clastic rock under true triaxial compression were divided into three modes:structure-induced,structure-stress-induced and stress-induced *** study confirms the feasibility of high-speed camera technology in true triaxial testing,and has important implications for elucidating the disaster mechanism of deep tunnels in weak rocks.

关键词： True triaxial compression cementation Failure evolution Acoustic emission(AE) High-speed camera

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Study of Fractal Characteristics of the cementation Index in Shale Gas

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 456-466页

作者： LIU Hongqi LIU Shiqiong LUO Xingping SUN Yangsha TIAN Jie LIANG Lixi LIU Xiangjun School of GeoScience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Institute of exploration and development Petrochina Xinjiang oilfield company.Junggar road 29#.KaramayXinjiangChina College of Petroleum Engineering.Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500China

The description of pores and fracture structures is a consistently important issue and certainly a difficult problem, especially for shale or tight rocks. However, the exploitation of so-called unconventional energy, such as shale methane and tight-oil, has become more and more dependent on an understanding of the inner structure of these unconventional reservoirs. The inner structure of porous rocks is very difficult to describe quantitatively using normal mathematics, but fractal geometry, which is a powerful mathematical tool for describing irregularly-shaped objects, can be applied to these rocks. To some degree, the cementation index and tortuosity can be used to describe the complexity of these structures. The cementation index can be acquired through electro-lithology experiments, but, until now, tortuosity could not be quantitatively depicted. This research used the well-logging curves of a gas shale formation to reflect the characteristics of the rock formations, and the changes in the curves to indicate the changes of the rock matrix, the pores, the connections among the pores, the permeability, and the fluid type. The curves that are affected most by the rock lithology, such as gamma ray, acoustic logging, and deep resistivity curves, can provide significant information about the micro-or nanostructure of the rocks. If the rock structures have fractal characteristics, the logging curves will also have fractal properties. Based on the definition of a fractal dimension and the Hausdorff dimension, this paper presents a new methodology for calculating the fractal dimensions of logging curves. This paper also reveals the deep meaning of the rock cementation index, m, through the Hausdorff dimension, and provides a new equation to calculate this parameter through the resistivity and porosity of the formation. Although it represents a very important relationship between the saturation of hydrocarbons with pores and resistivity, the Archie formula was not availa

关键词： fractal geometry nano-scale well-logging curve cementation index tight rocks gas shale

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Site observations of weathered granitic soils subjected to cementation and partial drainage using SCPTU

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第4期15卷 984-996页

作者： Xianwei Zhang Xinyu Liu Ran An Xinming Li State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China College of Urban Construction Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430065China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007China

Because of the cementation inherited from the parent rock,weathered granitic soil is usually susceptible to disturbance,which poses considerable challenges for laboratory *** cone penetration test with pore pressure measurements has long been known for its reliability in site investigations and stratigraphic ***,although extensive piezocone test results and experience are available for sedimentary soil,similar advances are yet to be made for weathered granitic ***,the experience from sedimentary soil may not be directly applicable to weathered profiles because of the essentially different natures of the two types of *** study performs seismic piezocone tests in a weathered granitic profile comprising residual granitic soil,completely weathered granite,and highly weathered *** pressure is measured at both the cone mid-face and the shoulder,and the effects of penetrometer size and penetration rate are considered.A series of updated soil behavior type charts is proposed to interpret the test results,thereby allowing the effect of weathering to be *** paper offers an important extension to the sparse data on the in situ responses of weathered materials.

关键词： Weathered granite Seismic piezocone test cementation Soil classification Pore pressure Weathering degree

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SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF SILVER FROM AN ACIDIC SOLUTION BY cementation WITH COPPER

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Journal of Central South University 1998年第2期10卷 40-43页

作者： Yongbin Yang Tao Jiang Ganghua Fu Boquan He Zhucheng Huang 1. Department of Mineral Engineering Central South University of Technology 410083 Changsha China

An acidic solution containing 280 mg/l silver and others was treated. In order to selectively recover silver without losing other metallic elements from the solution, cementation was adopted with metallic copper. The kinetics of cementation reaction and copper dissolution and mechanism of copper consumption were studied. The results indicated that the rate of cementation reaction and copper consumption were markedly increased with the increase of temperature. For the same cementation recovery of silver , copper consumption at elevated temperature was much higher than that at ambient temperature . cementation rate and copper consumption rate also increased with the increase of stirring velocity, while copper consumption at different stirring velocity for the same recovery of silver was almost not different. Studies on the chemical mechanism of copper consumption showed that Fe 3+ and residual leaching additive RH in the solution were the main factors that caused extra copper consumption in acidic solutions.

关键词： extraction cementation silver

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Copper Oxide Ore Leaching Ability and cementation Behavior, Mesgaran Deposit in IRAN

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第9期8卷 841-858页

作者： Shayan Khakmardan Aref Shirazi Adel Shirazy Hassan Hosseingholi AmirKabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran Sormak Mining Company Tehran Iran

One of the Iranian copper deposits that is located east of Iran and also known as a primeval one in that area is Mesgaran Field. Old mining works have been clearly seen in the area. Iran is located on global copper belt and as a result it has numerous potential areas as copper deposits. The purpose of this study is identifying possible potentialities of copper mining in less developed regions of Iran with basic modern technologies. In this study, laboratory investigations of this field were done on samples via leaching and the cementation method. According to the study purposes, acid concentration, temperature, time and pulp density were selected as the main factors that were tested in leaching studies. Moreover, pH, temperature, time and the amount of iron powder were factors which were tested for copper cementation. Optimum conditions of leaching studies with 99.11% recovery rate were obtained after 120 grams per liter of H2SO4, 80 degrees Celsius, 2 hours and 100 grams per liter of solid to liquid. On the other hand, optimum conditions of cementation by iron powder were resulted at more than 95% with a pH of 3, 45 degrees Celsius, 1 hour and 1.5 times more than the stoichiometric equation of required iron powder amount to precipitate copper.

关键词： Leaching cementation Copper Oxide Malachite VMS Copper Deposit

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Effect of treatment process on consolidation efficiency of fugitive dust cemented by bio-activated cementitious material based on CO2 capture

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 1194-1200页

作者： ZHAN QiWei QIAN ChunXiang School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Jiulonghu Campus Nanjing 211189 China Research Institute of Green Construction Materials Southeast University Jiulonghu Campus Nanjing 211189 China

As a new green and environmental material, bio-activated cementitious material is attracting extensive attention. This study confirmed that the bio-activated cementitious material could mineralize and cement fugitive dust into the cal- cite-consolidation-layer based on CO2 capture and utilization. The results illustrated that treatment processes （non-pressure spraying, pressure spraying, non-pressure blending and pressure blending） had a strong effect on the microstructure and prop- erties of calcite-consolidation-layer. According to the analysis of X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, calcite was prepared by bio-activated cementitious material during the cementation process. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and thermogravimetric-differenfial scanning calorimetry （TG-DSC） were adopted to measure the corresponding variation of porous characteristics and calcite content caused by different treatment processes. The results indi- cated that the microstructure of calcite-consolidation-layer from the spraying process had lower porosity and higher content of calcite than from blending processes. In addition, the mechanical properties of calcite-consolidation-layer were also tested. The hardness and compressive strength, which reached 19.5 GPa and 0.6 MPa, respectively, of calcite-consolidation-layer from the pressure spraying process were higher than those from the other three treatment processes. Compared with the non-treatment process, the four treatment processes had superior wind erosion resistance. Under the wind speed of 12 m/s, the mass loss of calcite-consolidation-layer from the pressure spraying process decreased from 2150.2 to 23.8 g/（m^2 h）.

关键词： bio-activated cementitious material treatment process mineralization cementation fugitive dust

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Selective leaching of nickel from low-sulfur Ni-Cu matte at atmospheric pressure

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第S1期20卷 71-76页

作者：符岩李斌川范川林翟秀静张希军李东和 School of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University Liaoning Provincial College of Communications

A process of the selective leaching of nickel from low-sulfur Ni-Cu matte at atmospheric pressure was *** matte was obtained from high grade Ni-Cu matte by magnetic separation,which mainly contained Ni-Cu alloy and a small quantity of ***,the acid-oxygen(CuSO4-H2SO4-O2)leaching of the matte was conducted at atmospheric *** the solution pH value reached 1.0-2.0,the oxygen flow was ***,the aqueous copper was rejected by cementation reaction with Ni in the *** mineralogical characteristics of the matte in the process were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry,optical microscopy and scanning electron *** the effects of variations in temperature,particle size distribution,oxygen flow rate,pulp density,initial acid concentration and initial concentration of copper ion were investigated.

关键词： Ni-Cu matte selective leaching Ni-Cu alloy cementation

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Ecological-sedimentary zonations and carbonate deposition,Xiaodonghai Reef Flat,Sanya,Hainan Island,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第3期54卷 359-371页

作者： WANG Yue1,2, SHEN JianWei1 & LONG JiangPing3 1 Department of Marine Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 The Second Institution of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 1. Department of Marine Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Guangzhou China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China4. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China3. The Second Institution of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

Modern fringing reefs are developed on the intertidal to subtidal area of Xiaodonghai bay, Sanya, Hainan Island. The reef flat extends several dozen meters toward the sea. Various ecological and sedimentary zonations can be distinguished, including, from land to sea, beachrocks, large massive corals, inner reef flat, outer reef flat, and fore-reef slope. The carbonate sediments and constituent hermatypic coral communities are different in these zones. The beachrocks are composed mainly of biological sands, including coral skeletons, algae, gastropods, bivalves, and benthic foraminifera. Quartz sands are less common in this zone. Carbonate diagenesis in beachrocks is characterized by early cementation. The fringing reef flat is progradationally developed toward the sea. Large massive corals grew in the zone next to the beachrocks. These corals are large, flat-toped, and autochthonous in the production of bioclastic grains and lime mud. Large and massive coral skeletons are surrounded by coral skeletal grains, bioclasts, and lime-mud sediments. The inner reef flat consists mainly of skeletons of branching corals that are covered by bioclasts and lime mud, and living corals are mostly massive in form. Statistical analysis of coral-community dynamics shows that the outer reef flat with strong waves is the most suitable place for hermatypic corals to flourish. There, the living corals are most densely distributed. Both massive corals and branching corals (e.g., Acropora corymbosa) are exceptionally healthy in this zone. Bioclasts and lime mud are washed out due to strong wave action. Microbial carbonates generally are deposited within cavities of the beachrocks and coral skeletal cavities and on the surfaces of bioclastic grains. The latter two types, however, are more common. Ecological-sedimentary zonations across the Xiaodonghai reef flat from beachrocks to outer reef flat are controlled by variations in wave strength and water energy. Microbial carbonates rarely deve

关键词： microbial carbonates ecological-sedimentary zonation cementation reef flat Hainan Island

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