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A new form of Miscanthus (Chinese silver grass, Miscanthus sinensis—Andersson) as a promising source of cellulosic biomass

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2010年第3期1卷 167-170页

作者： Vladimir K. Shumny Sergey G. Veprev Nikolay N. Nechiporenko Tatiana N. Goryachkovskaya Nikolay M. Slynko Nikolay A. Kolchanov Sergey E. Peltek 不详

The Far East population of Miscanthus sinensis (Andersson) was introduced into the West Siberia conditions. There was distinguished a form with a modified structure of the rootage which forms long shoots with leader buds and rapidly colonizes soil, thus forming a continuous and flat (without tussocks) plantation of miscanthus. It is shown that using usual agrotechnologies, it is possible to obtain 10-15 tons of dry biomass of high quality cellulose (about 40%) per ha/year.

关键词： Cellulose Lignin Biomass cellulosic Biomass Miscanthus sinensis Vegetative Reproduction of Plants

A NEW PROCESS OF COMBINATION OF INORGANIC PARTICLES WITH cellulosic FABRICS

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1996年第1期13卷 31-37页

作者：钦维民邵云

Instead of finishing the fabrics with inorganic particles by a binder, in this study the fine aluminium oxide powder were added during the polymerization system of a monomer with functional hydroxyl groups HPMA. The hot alkaline testing showed that the Al2O3 particles had reacted with the polymer latex. The absorbability and wash durability of the fabric treated with such a latex with Al2O3 were measured.

关键词： Inorganic Particle cellulosic Fabric 2-hydroxypropylmethacrylate

Cationic Modification of cellulosic Fibres with Polyepichloro-hydrinamine Resins to Offer a Potential Dyeing Process Producing Cleaner Dyeing Effluent

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2001年第4期18卷 63-66页

作者： Yu Yinan(余逸男) Chen Shuilin(陈水林) College of Chemistry & chemical Engineering Dong Hua University Shanghai 200051 College of Chemistry & chemical Engineering Dong Hua University Shanghai 200051

Cationic modifying agent ( PECH- amine) with lower molecular weight and containing less nitrogen was prepared and characterized. The water-soluble cationic modification agent has high reactivity for cotton. Cotton modified by this agent can be dyed under salt-free and neutral conditions with direct and reactive dyes. Dyes in the dyebath could be completely exhausted and a dyeing effluent without residual dyes and salt could be expected.

关键词： cellulosic fibre, polyepichlorohyrin-dimethylamine ,cationic modification, dyeability

Characterization of Novel Lignocellulosic Spinifex littoreus Fibers and Their Composites

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第2期17卷 393-404页

作者： Milan Soosai Christopher Thankian Winowlin Jappes Jebas Thangiah Rajini Nagarajan Mayandi Kalimuthu Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail Faruq Mohammad Department of Mechanical Engineering Cape Institute of TechnologyLevengipuramTirunelveli 627114Tamil NaduIndia Department of Mechatronics Engineering Kamaraj College of Engineering&Technology VellakulamMadurai dist-622701Tamil NaduIndia Centre for Composite Materials Department of Mechanical EngineeringKalasalingam UniversityKrishnankoilVirudhunagar 626126Tamil NaduIndia Centre for Engineering Research Department of EngineeringSchool of Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldHertfordshire AL109ABUK Surfactants Research Chair Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This innovative work presents mechanical,physical and chemical characterization and analysis of newly extracted fiber from naturally resourced plant stem,named Spinifex littoreus fibers(SLF).This is a novel natural,biodegradable and sustainable reinforcement for an improved ***,the chemical constituents of SLF,such as cellulose,lignin,moisture and wax content were *** raw SLF surfaces were modified by chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide(NaOH),calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2)and silane.A polyester matrix was reinforced with all the treated SLF,before the mechanical properties(tensile strengths)of the composites were *** all the surface chemically treated SLF/polyester composite samples,the Ca(OH)2 treated sample exhibited the highest tensile *** microscopic examination was carried out to validate this ***,this analysis established the mechanism of failure of the tensile fractured composite samples,using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),among other techniques.

关键词： cellulosic fiber Spinifex littoreus fibers XRD FTIR SEM tensile strength

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Fermentation by Clostridium thermocellumand Clostridium beijerinckiiSequential Culture: Effect of Feedstock Particle Size on Gas Production

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第5期5卷 311-316页

作者： Michael D. Flythe Noelia M. Elía Micah B. Schmal Sue E. Nokes USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit Lexington USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington USA Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington USA

Fermentation of cellulosic biomass can be done in a single step with cellulolytic, solventogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium thermocellum. However, the suite of products is limited in consolidated bioprocessing. Fortunately, the thermophilic nature of C. thermocellum can be exploited in sequential culture. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feedstock particle size on fermentation by sequential cultures and to demonstrate this effect could be shown by gas production. Dual-temperature sequential cultures were conducted by first culturing with C. thermocellum (63°C, 48 h) before culturing with C. beijerinckii (35°C, 24 h). Switchgrass (2, 5 or 15 mm particle size) was the feedstock in submerged substrate (10% w/v) fermentation. The extent of fermentation was evaluated by gas production and compared by analysis of variance with Tukey’s test post hoc. C. thermocellum alone produced 78 kPa cumulative pressure (approx. 680 mL gas) when the particle size was 2 or 5 mm. The C. thermocellum cultures with 15 mm feedstock particles had a mean cumulative pressure of 15 kPa after 48 h, which was less than the 2 and 5 mm treatments (P °C) and inoculated with C. beijerinckii, and the cumulative pressures were reset to ambient, cumulative pressure values as great as 70 kPa (equivalent to an additional 670 mL gas) were produced in 24 h. Again, the longer (15 mm) particle size produced less gas (P < 0.05). When the substrates were inoculated with C. beijerinckii without previous fermentation by C. thermocellum, the mean cumulative pressures were approximately 10 kPa. These results indicate that biological pretreatment with C. thermocellum increased the availability of switchgrass carbohydrates to C. beijerinckii, and that gas production is suitable method to show the effectiveness of a pretreatment.

关键词： Bioenergy cellulosic Butanol Co-Culture Consolidated Bioprocessing

Molecular Adaptation of Peanut Metabolic Pathways to Wide Variations of Mineral Ion Composition and Concentration

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 33-50页

作者： Godson O. Osuji Tassine K. Brown Sanique M. South Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Johnson Shanique Hyllam 不详

Plant evolution, nutritional genomics, and mineral nutrition have been well documented but no studies have focused on the molecular adaptation of crop metabolism to wide variations of mineral ion composition and concentration. Diversification of peanut species from primary centers of domestication in South America depended on metabolic adaptation to the mineral ion conditions of the newer habitats. Understanding the diversification molecular biology of peanut metabolic pathways will permit the synthesis of the best mineral ion combinations for doubling CO2 assimilation. Valencia and Virginia cultivars belong to different subspecies of the tetraploid Arachis hypogaea. They were planted in the absence and presence of up to 99 mM (equivalent to 166 moles per hectare) of different mineral ions. Molecular properties of the primary metabolic pathways were studied by Northern analyses using Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs as probes for Virginia mRNA and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Messenger RNAs are silenced by homologous RNAs synthesized by GDH. Peanut cellulose was analyzed by gravimetry;and fatty acids by HPLC. Complementary DNA probes made from Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs hybridized perfectly to Virginia mRNAs and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Wide variations in mineral ion compositions and concentrations induced the GDHs of Valencia and Virginia to synthesize RNAs that differentially down-regulated the mRNAs encoding phosphate translocator, granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosyltransferase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, nitrate reductase, and NADH-glutamate synthase so that the percent weights of oil (41.53 ± 8.75) and cellulose (30.29 ± 3.12) were similar in the control and mineral-treated peanuts. Therefore, RNA sequences that defined the molecular adaptation of mRNAs encoding the enzymes of primary metabolism were the same in the varietal types of A. hypogaea, in agreement with genetic data suggesting that tetraploid Arachis evolved relatively recently from the wi

关键词： Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Synthesized RNA mRNA Silencing Phosphate Translocator Acetyl CoA Carboxylase cellulosic Biomass Northern Analysis HPLC Fatty Acids

Cultivation of Erianthusand Napier Grass at an Abandoned Mine in Lampung, Indonesia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1711-1720页

作者： Nobuhito Sekiya Jun Abe Fumitaka Shiotsu Shigenori Morita College of Agriculture Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Plant Science School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services (ISAS) Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services (ISAS) Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture Kanagawa Japan

The production of cellulosic bioethanol from non-edible plants is drawing increasing attention, as it potentially avoids food-fuel competition. Because growing such plants on farmland indirectly reduces food availability, the plants should be grown on marginal, non-arable lands. In this study, we evaluated the growth of cellulosic energy crops at a former mining site in Indonesia. This mine was abandoned because it contained few mineral deposits, and exposed subsoils rather than toxic soils prevented revegetation. In the first trial, growths of two energy plant species Erianthus spp. and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were compared with that of maize (Zea mays) at the mine site and a nearby degraded farm. Erianthus and Napier grass produced 11.7 and 22.5 t·ha-1 of shoot dry matter at 8 months after planting (MAP) in the farm respectively while maize plants failed to establish, but none of the three species grew at the mine. In the second trial, two-week-old seedlings of Erianthus and Napier grass rather than stem cuttings as used in the first trial were planted at the mine site. Erianthus and Napier grass produced 16.3 and 24.0 t·ha-1 of shoot dry matter over the course of 18 months, respectively. Application of organic fertilizer significantly increased shoot dry matter to 18.9 and 39.6 t·ha-1 in Erianthus and Napier grass, respectively. During the 18-month growth period, both of the energy plants significantly increased soil carbon at the 0 - 0.3 m depth from 0.33% to 1.15% - 1.23% when chemical fertilizer was applied and to 0.67% - 0.69% when both chemical and organic fertilizers were applied. From 0 - 5 MAP, soil surface level dropped by 28.0 - 34.7 mm in plots without plants due to soil erosion. In contrast, both of the energy plants significantly reduced the drop of soil surface level to 16.0 - 19.3 mm in plots with chemical fertilizer alone and to 18.0 - 20.7 mm in plots with chemical and organic fertilizers. Proportions of small soil particles, that wou

关键词： Biomass cellulosic Energy Crops Unused Land Subsurface Soils

Comparative Study on Dyeing of Cotton, Modal and Lyocell Fabrics Using Bifunctional and Polyfunctional Reactive Dyes

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2020年第1期6卷 40-48页

作者： Md. Ershad Khan Department of Textile Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

Polyfunctional reactive dyes have been introduced by the renowned dye manufacturers in the recent years for better exhaustion and fixation performance. This paper deals with evaluation of the dyeing performance of three cellulosic fibres namely cotton, modal and lyocell with polyfunctional (Avitera Cardinal SE) reactive dye in comparison a bifunctional-(Novacron Brilliant Red FN-3GL) reactive dye. The purpose of this study is to achieve a better understanding of exhaustion and fixation behaviour in dyeing of cotton, modal and lyocell fibres using these two types of reactive dyes. The dyeing was carried out at four different shade% (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). Besides studying exhaustion (%) and fixation (%) along with K/S values of dyed fabrics, several other quality parameters e.g. bursting strength, pilling resistance and colour fastness to wash were also examined. Finally, the optimum combination among the three types of cellulosic fabrics and two types of reactive dyes was observed. Lyocell fabric and polyfunctional reactive dyes have been found more sustainable.

关键词： Polyfunctional Reactive Dye Exhaustion Fixation cellulosic Fibre