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Trade-off between cellular immunity and life span in meal- worm beetles Tenebrio molitor

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 340-346页

作者： Indrikis KRAMS Janina DAUKSTE Inese KIVLENIECE Ants KAASIK Tatjana KRAMA Todd M. FREEBERG Markus J. RANTALA Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils LV-5401 Daugavpils Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu 51014 Tartu Estonia Department of Biology University of Turku FIN-20024 Turku Finland Department of Psychology University of Tennessee TN 37996 Knoxville USA

Encapsulation is a nonspecific, cellular response through which insects defend themselves against multicellular pathogens. During this immune reaction, haemocytes recognize an object as foreign and cause other haemocytes to aggregate and form a capsule around the object, often consisting of melanized cells. The process of melanisation is accompanied by the forma- tion of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species, which can kill not only pathogens but also host cells. In this study we tested whether the encapsulation response is costly in mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor. We found a negative relationship between the duration of implantation via a nylon monofilament and remaining life span. We also found a negative relationship between the strength of immune response and remaining life span, suggesting that cellular immunity is costly in T. molitor, and that there is a trade-off between immune response and remaining life span. However, this relationship disappeared at 31-32 hours of implanta- tion at 25 ± 2℃. As the disappearance of a relationship between duration of implantation and lifespan coincided with the highest values of encapsulation response, we concluded that the beetles stopped investment in the production of melanotic cells, as the implant, a synthetic parasite, was fully isolated from the host＇s tissues .

关键词： Cost of immunity cellular immunity Encapsulation Lifespan Tenebrio molitor

Humoral and cellular immunity against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2023年第12期50卷 934-947页

作者： Changxu Chen Xin Wang Zeli Zhang Center for Infectious Disease Research School of Life ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310001China

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019, the virus has rapidly spread worldwide. This has led to an unprecedented global pandemic, marked by millions of COVID-19 cases and a significant number of fatalities. Over a relatively short period, several different vaccine platforms are developed and deployed for use globally to curb the pandemic. However, the genome of SARS-CoV-2 continuously undergoes mutation and/or recombination, resulting in the emergence of several variants of concern (VOC). These VOCs can elevate viral transmission and evade the neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccines, leading to reinfections. Understanding the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 genomic mutation on viral pathogenesis and immune escape is crucial for assessing the threat of new variants to public health. This review focuses on the emergence and pathogenesis of VOC, with particular emphasis on their evasion of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the memory B cell, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell memory induced by different COVID-19 vaccines or infections are discussed, along with how these cells recognize VOC. This review summarizes the current knowledge on adaptive immunology regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines. Such knowledge may also be applied to vaccine design for other pathogens.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Vaccines Humoral immunity cellular immunity

pH-responsive vaccine delivery systems for improving cellular immunity

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第5期30卷 609-617页

作者： Zonghua Liu Linghong Huang Wei Xue Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University

Immune vaccination is a critically important strategy in disease prevention and treatment. In vaccination, efficient vaccine carriers are necessary to augment the immune response initiated by vaccines generally with weak immunogenecity. Nowadays, commercially available vaccine/carrier formulations induce effective humoral immunity but weak or none cellular immunity. However, in practice, cellular rather than humoral immunity plays the key role in treating some intractable diseases such as AIDS and cancers, in which the elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes can directly kill HIV-infected or cancer cells. To trigger potent cellular immunity, the carriers should help antigens escape from endosomal/lysosomal degradation and release them directly into the cytosol of antigen presenting cells. To this aim, such kind of vaccine carriers should be rationally designed and prepared in terms of their structure and physiochemical properties. Here, we summarized the recent advances in p H-responsive vaccine carriers exclusively developed for improving cellular immunity.

关键词： Vaccination Vaccine delivery systems cellular immunity pH-responsive

Effect of Astragalus Injection on Serious Abdominal Traumatic Patients’ cellular immunity

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Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2006年第1期12卷 29-31页

作者：吴坚王毅鑫苏文利朱文献陆景伟厉振凯 Intensive Care Unit Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM

Objective： To explore the change of serious abdominal traumatic patients＇ cellular immunity and the effect of Astragalus Injection （AI） on it. Methods： Sixty-three serious abdominal traumatic patients were randomly assigned into two groups, the conventional group and the treated group, patients in the conventional group were given conventional treatment, while others in the treated group were given conventional treatment as the basis, with Al20 ml was added into 250 ml of 5% glucose solution given through intravenous dripping, and then on the first day and 14th day, their T cell activated antigens as well as that of 10 healthy subjects were monitored. Results： On the first day, in the conventional group and treated group, the levels of CD3^＋ , CD4^＋ , CD4^＋/CD8^＋ , 0D16^＋ , CD69^＋ and CD3^＋/homologous leucocytic antigen-DR （HLA-DR＋） were apparently lower than those in the healthy group （ P〈0.05）, while the CD8^＋ was significantly higher than that in the healthy group （P〈0.05）, and there was no significant difference between the conventional group and the treated group （P〉0.05） ; on the 14th days, the levels of CD3^＋, CD4^＋, CD4^＋/CD8^＋, CD16^＋, CD69^＋ and CD3^＋/HLA-DR^＋ of the treated group got closed to healthy subject value, and got even higher than those of conventional group （P〈0. 05）; CD8^＋ got close to that of healthy subjects, while obviously lower than that of conventional group （ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： After serious abdominal trauma, cellular immunity lowered, auxiliary use of AI was beneficial to the restoration of cellular immunity.

关键词： trauma Astragalus Injection cellular immunity

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Cryoablation Combined with TACE for Treating Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma： Tumor Load and cellular immunity

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Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005年第6期2卷 842-848页

作者： Haipeng Yu Lanlan Yang Zhi Guo Wenge Xin Fang Liu Xiuying Guo Baoguo Li Department of Interventional Therapy Cancer Institute ＆ Hospital of TianjinMedical University Tianjin 300060China. Department of Digestive Medicine TheSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041 China.

OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness on the tumor load and cellular immune function of percutaneous cryoablation （argon-helium cryoablative system, AHCS） combined with transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） for treating large hepatocellular carcinomas （HCCs） with diameters over 10 ca. METHODS A total of 48 HCC patients were treated with AHCS after TACE. Tumor sizes ranged from 10 to 14 cm. All cases were a hypervascular type. There were 38 Child A cases and 10 Child B cases. Forty were AFP positive and 8 negative. The patients were randomized with therapy group consisting of 26 cases and the control group 22 cases. The therapy group received AHCS 4 weeks following TACE treatment. Reexamination included pathology, tumor markers, T-lymphocyte subgroup levels and computed tomography or MRI. The necrosis rate of the tumor load was calculated by Cavalieri＇s theory. EORTC QLQ-C30 was used in quality of life evaluation. RESULTS The average tumor-load reduction rate （necrosis rate） was 8.07% after TACE, and 28.65% after AHCS. Coagulation necrosis was produced in the target area. The tumor markers deceased significantly after AHCS. Tumor-load reduction after AHCS was more significant than after TACE. Suppression of cellular immunity after TACE was significant. In contrast, CD3^＋, CD4^＋ and NK increased after AHCS and an abnormal T-lymphocyte distribution was corrected. Quality of life after AHCS increased according to the EORTC QLQ-C30 evaluation. No severe complications occurred. CONCLUSION Percutaneous AHCS cryoablation after TACE reduced the tumor load in the short term. At the same time, cellular immune function was increased after AHCS. TACE was critical in increasing the therapeutic efficacy of AHCS because of its embolisation of blood vessels preventing a Flow Effect. Reduction of the tumor load in the short term may conduce to increase cellular immunity. Percutaneous AHCS cryoablation combined with TACE can reduce the tumor load, improve cellular immunity and increas

关键词： cryoablation transarterial chemoembolization tumor load cellular immunity hepatocellular carcinoma.

Impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 352-365页

作者： Deli XU Xinyu LIU Dehua WANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufuChina

Animal immunity is usually impaired in *** know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild *** present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus).In the study,16 overweight(body mass:90.8-127.6 g)and 16 lean gerbils(body mass:60.5-77.7 g)were randomly selected from a total of 174 male gerbils(body mass range:55.8-144.7 g).Half of the overweight and lean males were injected with sterile saline;the others were immunochallenged(IC)with phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to assess cellular and humoral immunity,*** fat mass,wet and dry spleen mass,leukocyte counts,blood glucose levels and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight gerbils than in the lean ***,phytohemagglutinin response indicative of cellular immunity and immunoglobulin G concentrations was significantly lower in the IC overweight gerbils than in the IC lean *** results indicate that cellular and humoral immunity are impaired in the overweight *** body fat mass,higher leukocyte counts and serum leptin levels imply that overweight gerbils are in a low grade inflammatory state.

关键词： cellular immunity humoral immunity leptin Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus) overweight

RBD9.1 is a short linear peptide vaccine candidate activating both humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains

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RBD9.1 is a short linear peptide vaccine candidate activatin...

Effect of Shenmai Injection on Cardiac Function and cellular immunity of Patients with Infantile Viral Myocarditis

第十四届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Fengxia Gao Jingjing Huang Song Mu Wang Wang Feiyang Luo Chao Hu Xiaojian Han Tingting Li Qian Chen Aishun Jin ChongQing Medical University

Although vaccination against COVID-19 has been applied globally,sustained protection against newly emerged SARSCoV-2 variant strains have rarely been *** the imminent need for vaccine candidates with cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 mutants,we presented an antigen peptide RBD9.1 consisted of 20 amino acids corresponding to a region within the receptor binding motif(RBM) of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain(RBD).We found that RBD9.1 could be recognized by COVID-19 convalescent serum,particularly for those with high neutralizing *** with RBD9.1 could successfully induce the production of RBD-specific ***,the immunized mice sera exhibited sustained neutralizing capability against five of the dominant variant strains as to the wild type SARS-CoV-2,including B.1.617.2 that contained a point mutation within the sequence of RBD9.1(SL452 R).In detail,SY451 and SY454 were identified to be the key amino acids for the binding of these RBD-specific antibodies to ***,we confirmed that the RBD9.1 antigen peptide could induce a specific CD8+T cell response,as it contained a previously identified T cell epitope P45(S448-456).The evaluation of the long-term protective effects of RBD9.1 antigen peptide showed that both RBD-specific B cells and the P45-specific T cells could still be activated 94 days after the last immunization,with detectable amount of both RBD9.1-specific memory B cells and T cells in the mice sera for more than 5 *** research provides a potential vaccine candidate,with the unique functional mechanism of activating both humoral and cellular immunity as well as the long-term protective efficacy over SARS-CoV-2 variant strains.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine variant strains RBD9.1 humoral immunity cellular immunity

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 1997年第1期3卷 26-29页

作者：贾旭林李润森白翠莲杨雅琳李亚蕊刘秀萍 sychol.ucl.ac.uk

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of Shenmai injection (SMI) on infantile viral myocarditis. Methods: Fifty patients were treated with SMI combined with routine Western medicines, the effects were observed and compared with those treated with Western medicines alone or compound Salviae liquid. Results: The cardiac function and cellular immunity of patients treated with SMI were significantly improved. The effect of SMI was superior to that of control groups. Conclusion: Using SMI as supplementary treatment in treating infantile viral myocarditis was helpful in recovery of cardiac function and cellular immunity.

关键词： Shenmai injection infantile viral myocarditis cardiac function cellular immunity

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Comparison of cellular and humoral immunity between Influenza A/H1N1/2009 infected patients and vaccinated recipients

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Comparison of cellular and humoral immunity between Influenz...