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A field guide for aging passerine nestlings using growth data and predictive modeling

Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 141-149页

作者： Audrey A.Sanchez Andrew W.Bartlow Allison M.Chan Jeanne M.Fair Aaron A.Skinner Kelly Hutchins Maria A.Musgrave Emily M.Phillips Brent E.Thompson Charles D.Hathcock Environmental Stewardship Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Biosecurity and Public Health Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Water Program N3BLos AlamosNMUSA

Background:Accurate nestling age is valuable for studies on nesting strategies,productivity,and impacts on repro-ductive *** aging guides consist of descriptions and photographs that are time consuming to read and subjective to *** Western Bluebird(Sialia mexicana)is a secondary cavity-nesting passerine that nests in coniferous and open deciduous *** box programs for cavity-nesting species have provided suitable nesting locations and opportunities for data collection on nestling growth and ***:We developed models for predicting the age of Western Bluebird nestlings from morphometric meas-urements using model training and *** were developed for mass,tarsus,and two different culmen ***:Our models were accurate to within less than a day,and each model worked best for a specific age *** mass and tarsus models can be used to estimate the ages of Western Bluebird nestlings 0-10 days old and were accurate to within 0.5 days for mass and 0.7 days for *** culmen models can be used to estimate ages of nest-lings 0-15 days old and were also accurate to within less than a *** daily mean,minimum,and maximum values of each morphometric measurement are provided and can be used in the field for accurate nestling age estimations in real ***:The model training and validation procedures used here demonstrate that this method can create aging models that are highly *** methods can be applied to any passerine species provided sufficient nest-ling morphometric data are available.

关键词： cavity-nesting Nest boxes Nestling development Predictive models Western Bluebird

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A global review of the ecological significance of symbiotic associations between birds and fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第5期98卷 161-194页

作者： Todd F.Elliott Michelle A.Jusino James M.Trappe Heino Lepp Guy-Anthony Ballard Jeremy J.Bruhl Karl Vernes Ecosystem Management School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Department of Plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Forestry Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest Research StationU.S.Forest ServiceCorvallisOR 97331USA Honorary Scientific Associate Australian National Botanic GardensCanberraACTAustralia School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia Vertebrate Pest Research Unit Biosecurity NSWNSW Department of Primary IndustriesUniversity of New EnglandPO Box U86Armidale 2351NSWAustralia Botany School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

Symbiotic associations between mammals and fungi have been well documented and are widely regarded as vital to ecosystem functions around the *** between birds and fungi are also ecologically vital but have been far less thoroughly *** manuscript is the first to review a wide range of symbiotic associations between birds and *** compile the largest list to date of bird species reported to eat fungi(54 bird species in 27 families)and follow up with a discussion of these symbioses and suggestions for how future studies can determine the prevalence of associations between birds and *** review the importance of fungi for cavity-excavating birds and show that at least 30 bird species in three families form varying levels of associations with fungi for cavity *** also review the use of fungal rhizomorphs in nest construction and show that 176 bird species in 37 families use fungal material in their *** of these interactions have wide-reaching ecosystem implications,particularly in regard to fungal dispersal and biogeography,plant health,ecosystem function,bird nutrition/fitness and bird behaviour.

关键词： Mycorrhizae Fungal dispersal Ornithomycological associations Bird nutrition Mycophagy Rhizomorphs cavity-nesting Tree hollows

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