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Forecasting the effects of EU policy measures on the nitrate pollution of groundwater and surface waters

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 872-877页

作者： Ralf Kunkel Peter Kreins Bjrn Tetzlaff Frank Wendland Research Centre Jülich Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere Institute of Rural Studies Federal Agricultural Research Centre

We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 100 m） approach. REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union （EU） groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.

关键词： catchment management diffuse source pollution mitigation methods river basin management Water Framework Directive

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Valuing the water supply: ecosystem-based potable water supply management for the Legedadie-Dire catchments, Central Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 104-127页

作者： Yilikal Anteneh Gete Zeleke Ephrem Gebremariam Water and Land Resource Center(WLRC) Addis Ababa University3880 Addis AbabaEthiopia Chair of Environmental Planning and Landscape Design Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background:There is a substantial interest in the values that consumers place on drinking water quality and *** resources are crucial to improving the urban potable water supply in developing countries that are characterized by low-cost recovery rates and a high and rapidly growing demand for more reliable *** study examined households’willingness to pay(WTP)for the improvement of water services by identifying their water choice decisions and the mode of water supply that they prefer the water supply authority to use among several alternative water supply ***-preference data were collected from 322 randomly selected households in Addis Ababa,who were presented with three sets of choices(three alternative bundle choices,including the reference scenario).The data were analyzed using the mixed logit WTP space *** approaches to modeling the distribution of WTP(fixed,uncorrelated,and correlated)using mixed logit WTP space models were ***:Three-quarters of the households agreed to contribute money toward ecosystem-based water supply management(EBWSM)intervention programs on a monthly *** average contribution that the respondents were willing to pay was 150.5 Ethiopian Birr(ETB)as a one-off lump sum to kick off the EBWSM *** of the respondents chose a bundle of water supply options that provides risk-free and high-quality water with no months of shortages than moderate water quality that is safe to drink and palatable with 1 month shortages *** implies that households would need to be supplied with risk-free,high-quality water without interruption at an appropriate flow *** model with correlations fitted the data well with the highest simulated log-likelihoods at convergence and gave the best estimate of the households’WTP for water *** 46%of the sampled households were willing to pay more than 33 ETB per month,and 49%of the households were willing to pay between 21 E

关键词： Ecosystem service Water supply Mixed logit WTP-space model catchment management Legedadie reservoir

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