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Demystifying the catalysis in lithium–sulfur batteries:characterizationmethods and techniques

SusMat 2021年第1期1卷 51-65页

作者： Chuannan Geng Wuxing Hua DaweiWang Guowei Ling Chen Zhang Quan-Hong Yang Nanoyang Group State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjinChina School of Chemical Engineering The University of New SouthWalesSydneyAustralia UNSW Digital Grid Futures Institute The University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Joint School of National University of Singapore Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhouChina

Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising next-generation energy storage systems with ultrahigh energy density.However,the intrinsic sluggish“solid–liquid–solid”reaction between S8 and Li2S causes unavoidable shuttling of polysulfides,severely limiting the practical energy density and cycling performance.Recently,the catalysis process has been introduced for the sulfur redox reaction to accelerate the conversion of polysulfides,providing a positive remedy for the polysulfides shuttling.Nevertheless,in-depth understanding of the catalyst evaluation criteria and catalytic mechanism still lies in the“black box”,and precise characterization technique is the key to unlock this puzzle.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of characterization techniques on the catalyst in Li-S batteries from two aspects of catalytic performance and catalytic mechanism,highlighting their significance and calling for more efforts to develop precise and fast techniques for Li-S catalysis.Moreover,we envision the future development of characterization for better understanding the catalysis toward practical Li-S battery.

关键词： catalysis catalyst characterization lithium-sulfur batteries polysulfides shuttling

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Effects of Dispersed Mo-Fe catalysts on Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion of Residue

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2021年第4期23卷 58-64页

作者： Tao Mengying Hou Huandi Dong Ming Xu Ke Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Beijing 100083

Replacement of precious single metal catalysts with cost-effective,highly-dispersed composite catalysts for catalytic hydrothermal conversion of residue holds tremendous promise for the residue upgrading technologies.Organic metals were added to the feed as the oil-soluble precursors,and were transformed into the catalytic active phases in this work.Physical properties and structures of the composite catalysts had been investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The composite catalysts were found to be highly efficient in the catalytic hydrothermal conversion of both the model compound and the residue.Increased metal dispersion and synergistic effects of two metals played indispensable roles in such catalytic system.Results showed that under the test conditions specified in the article,the catalyst had the best catalytic performance when the mass ratio of molybdenum to iron was 1.5.

关键词： dispersed Mo-Fe catalysts catalytic hydrothermal conversion of residue catalyst characterization catalytic activity evaluation

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Catalytic applications of nano β-PbO in Paal-Knorr reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第8期22卷 891-894页

作者： Sk.Khadeer Pasha V.S.V.Satyanarayana A.Sivakumar K.Chidambaram L.John Kennedy Physics Division School of Advanced SciencesVIT UniversityVellore 632014India Chemistry Division School of Advanced SciencesVIT UniversityVellore 632014India

Several 2,5-dimethyl-N-substituted pyrroles were prepared by the condensation of different substituted anilines with 2,5- hexanedione using nano lead oxide as an efficient and recyclable catalyst.All the synthesized compounds are confirmed through IR, ~1H NMR,^（13）C NMR and mass spectral data.Nano lead oxide β-PbO（P85） was prepared by dissolving lead acetate dihydrate in 1- propanol at a pH 9.0 under stirring at 85℃.The structural study and surface morphology of the lead oxide（PbO） were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and the functional groups of the PbO sample were investigated using infrared spectrophotometer.

关键词： 2 5-Dimethyl-N-substituted pyrroles Nano β-PbO Spectral data catalyst characterization

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Property and Activity of Molybdates Dispersed on Silica Obtained from Various Synthetic Procedures

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第4期3卷 195-212页

作者： Antonella Gervasini Laura Wahba Manuel Dario Finol Jean-Francois Lamonier Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica(DCFE) Centro Interdipartimentale Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati(CIMaINa)Universita degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly Department of Material Science INSTMUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMilanoItaly Unite de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide UCCS UMR CNRS 8181 Universite de Lille 1 Sciences and TechnologiesVilleneuve d’AscqLilleFrance

The synthesis and characterization of several dispersed molybdena catalysts on silica support (MoO3-SiO2) prepared from a variety of precursors (Mo(VI)-acetylacetonate, oxo-peroxo Mo-species, hydrated ammonium heptamolybdate) and preparation methods (deposition of the Mo-phase on finite SiO2 support by aqueous and methanol impregnations, by adsorption, by oxo-peroxo route-like, and by one-step synthesis of MoO3-SiO2 system with molecular precursors) are presented. The molybdena concentration on silica was comprised in a large interval (1.5 - 14 wt%) depending on the preparation method which governed the Mo-loading on silica. Convenient comparisons among samples at similar Mo-concentration have been made discussing the morphologic-structural (XRD, XPS, UV-vis-DRS, and N2-adsorption) and physicochemical (TG-DTG, TPR, and n-butylamine-TPD) sample properties. Polymeric octahedral polymolybdate aggregates predominated in the samples prepared by aqueous and methanol impregnations, which were at high Mo-concentration. On the contrary, isolated Mo(VI) species in distorted Td symmetry predominated in the sample prepared by adsorption which was at very low Mo-concentration. The sample acidity was composed of a weak acidy site population, associated with the silica support, and a strong acid site population associated with the Mo-dispersed phase. Oxidation tests of formaldehyde, an oxygen-containing VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), were performed to determine the prevalent redox or acidic function of the Mo-species at the surface of the catalysts.

关键词： Molybdena-Silica Mixed Oxides Molybdenum Dispersed Phase catalyst Preparation catalyst characterization Catalytic Oxidation Formaldehyde

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Developments of in-situ molecular spectroscopy in catalysis studies

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 1995年第3期 25-36页

作者：辛勤高兴涛 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Catalysis

Detailed experimental study of the mechanism of catalytic reactions at molecular level is always of crucial importance for both theoretical understanding and applied catalysis. It was considered important to define the nature of the structural changes under working conditions, since these changes are almost certainly related to the final

关键词： in-situ molecular spectroscopy catalyst characterization adsorption.

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