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Long-term spaceflight and the Cardiovascular system

Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 284-291页

作者： Nicholas A.Vernice Cem Meydan Ebrahim Afshinnekoo Christopher E.Mason The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine1305 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The WordQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York Avenue New YorkNY 10021USA

While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body’s ability to reversibly adapt,the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight(>6months)aremuch less conclusive.Prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the Cardiovascular system,including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure,which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac output.Also,central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous compression.The stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15%reduction in plasma volume,with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the interstitium.Despite possible increases in cardiac workload,myocyte atrophy and notable,yet unexplained,alterations in hematocrit have been observed.Atrophy is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated action.While data are scarce regarding their causative agents,arrhythmias have been frequently reported,albeit sublethal,during both Russian and American expeditions,with QT interval prolongation observed in long,but not short duration,spaceflight.Exposure of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration,aortic stiffness,carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action,accelerated atherosclerosis,and induction of a pro-inflammatory state.Upon return,long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses,which can prove hazardous should any rapidmobilization or evacuation be required,and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions.

关键词： microgravity Cardiovascular system spaceflight aerospace medicine

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Emerging Evidence Linking the Liver to the Cardiovascular system: Liver-derived Secretory Factors

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1246-1255页

作者： Xiang Liu Yijia Shao Linjiang Han Ruyue Zhang Jimei Chen Department of Cardiac Surgery Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease GuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina

cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Recently,accumulating evidence has revealed hepatic mediators,termed as liverderived secretory factors(LDSFs),play an important role in regulating CVDs such as atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease,thrombosis,myocardial infarction,heart failure,metabolic cardiomyopathy,arterial hypertension,and pulmonary hypertension.LDSFs presented here consisted of microbial metabolite,extracellular vesicles,proteins,and microRNA,they are primarily or exclusively synthesized and released by the liver,and have been shown to exert pleiotropic actions on Cardiovascular system.LDSFs mainly target vascular endothelial cell,vascular smooth muscle cells,cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,macrophages and platelets,and further modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide,endothelial function,energy metabolism,inflammation,oxidative stress,and dystrophic calcification.Although some LDSFs are known to be detrimental/beneficial,controversial findings were also reported for many.Therefore,more studies are required to further explore the causal relationships between LDSFs and CVDs and uncover the exact mechanisms,which is expected to extend our understanding of the crosstalk between the liver and Cardiovascular system and identify potential therapeutic targets.Furthermore,in the case of patients with liver disease,awareness should be given to the implications of these abnormalities in the Cardiovascular system.These studies also underline the importance of early recognition and intervention of liver abnormalities in the practice of cardiovascular care,and a multidisciplinary approach combining hepatologists and cardiologists would be more preferable for such patients.

关键词： Liver Cardiovascular system Metabolite Extracellular vesicle Hepatokine

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Multi-scale modeling of hemodynamics in the Cardiovascular system

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2015年第4期31卷 446-464页

作者： Hao Liu Fuyou Liang Jasmin Wong Takashi Fujiwara Wenjing Ye Ken-iti Tsubota Michiko Sugawara Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Chiba University International Cooperative Research Center (SJTU-CU ICRC) The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)

The human Cardiovascular system is a closed- loop and complex vascular network with multi-scaled het- erogeneous hemodynamic phenomena. Here, we give a selective review of recent progress in macro-hemodynamic modeling, with a focus on geometrical multi-scale model- ing of the vascular network, micro-hemodynamic modeling of microcirculation, as well as blood cellular, subcellular, endothelial biomechanics, and their interaction with arter- ial vessel mechanics. We describe in detail the methodology of hemodynamic modeling and its potential applications in cardiovascular research and clinical practice. In addition, we present major topics for future study： recent progress of patient-specific hemodynamic modeling in clinical applica- tions, micro-hemodynamic modeling in capillaries and blood cells, and the importance and potential of the multi-scale hemodynarnic modeling.

关键词： Multi-scale modeling. Macro-hemodynamics.Micro-hemodynamics Cardiovascular system Endothelialcell

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Advances in the study on endogenous sulfur dioxide in the Cardiovascular system

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第21期127卷 3803-3807页

作者： Tian Hong cardiovascular Center Children's Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 201102 China

Objective This review summarized the current advances in understanding the role of the novel gasotransmitter,sulfur dioxide （SO2）,in the Cardiovascular system.Data sources Articles on the advances in the study of the role of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the Cardiovascular system were accessed from PubMed and CNKI from 2003 to 2013,using keywords such as ＂endogenous sulfur dioxide＂ and ＂Cardiovascular system＂.Study selection Articles with regard to the role of SO2 in the regulation of Cardiovascular system were selected.Results Recently,scientists discovered that an endogenous SO2 pathway is present in the Cardiovascular system and exerts physiologically significant effects,such as regulation of the cardiac function and the pathogenesis of various cardiopulmonary diseases such as hypoxic pulmonary hypertension,hypertension,coronary atherosclerosis,and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） injury,in the Cardiovascular system.Conclusions Endogenous SO2 is a novel member of the gasotransmitter family in addition to the nitric oxide （NO）,carbon monoxide （CO）,and hydrogen sulfide （H2S）.Studies indicated that it has a role in regulating the cardiovascular disease.

关键词： sulfur dioxide gasotransmitter Cardiovascular system

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The Cardiovascular system at high altitude:A bibliometric and visualization analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第4期16卷 199-214页

作者： Mao-Lin Zhao Zhong-Jie Lu Li Yang Sheng Ding Feng Gao Yuan-Zhang Liu Xue-Lin Yang Xia Li Si-Yi He Department of cardiovascular Surgery The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandCollege of MedicineSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610083Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of cardiovascular Surgery The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengdu 610083Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND When exposed to high-altitude environments,the Cardiovascular system undergoes various changes,the performance and mechanisms of which remain controversial.AIM To summarize the latest research advancements and hot research points in the Cardiovascular system at high altitude by conducting a bibliometric and visualization analysis.METHODS The literature was systematically retrieved and filtered using the Web of Science Core Collection of Science Citation Index Expanded.A visualization analysis of the identified publications was conducted employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer.RESULTS A total of 1674 publications were included in the study,with an observed annual increase in the number of publications spanning from 1990 to 2022.The United States of America emerged as the predominant contributor,while Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia stood out as the institution with the highest publication output.Notably,Jean-Paul Richalet demonstrated the highest productivity among researchers focusing on the Cardiovascular system at high altitude.Furthermore,Peter Bärtsch emerged as the author with the highest number of cited articles.Keyword analysis identified hypoxia,exercise,acclimatization,acute and chronic mountain sickness,pulmonary hypertension,metabolism,and echocardiography as the primary research hot research points and emerging directions in the study of the Cardiovascular system at high altitude.CONCLUSION Over the past 32 years,research on the Cardiovascular system in high-altitude regions has been steadily increasing.Future research in this field may focus on areas such as hypoxia adaptation,metabolism,and cardiopulmonary exercise.Strengthening interdisciplinary and multi-team collaborations will facilitate further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular changes in high-altitude environments and provide a theoretical basis for standardized disease diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Cardiovascular system High altitude Hypoxia Bibliometric analysis Visualization

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Effects of natural products on ischemic heart diseases and Cardiovascular system

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 89-98页

作者： Benny KH TAN Matthew WHITEMAN Department of Biochemistry Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine National University of Singapore

INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart diseases remain the leading causeof death in most developed countries as seen over thepast quarter-century. Reducing the mortality rate andprevention of myocardial infarction (MI) are of utmostimportance. The use of Western medicinal drugs forthe treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failureand post MI are widely accepted. Although some Tra-ditional Chinese Medicines have been used in mainland,Hong Kong, Taiwan of China in clinics and other Chi-nese communities worldwide for centuries, our under-

关键词： myocardial infarction herbal medicine antioxidants Cardiovascular system Salvia miltiorrhiza

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Cardiovascular system

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China Medical Abstracts (Internal Medicine) 2014年第4期31卷 207-214页

2014436 Effect of combined hypoxia and high fat diet on e NOS/NO of myocardium in experimental rats.ZHAO Yanxia(赵艳霞),et al.Med Coll Qinghai Univ,Xining 810001.Chinese Cir J 2014;29(9):723-727.Objective To investigate the effect of combined hypoxia and high fat diet(HFD)on endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS)/nitric oxide(NO)of myocardium in experimental rats with its possible mechanisms.Methods A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3

关键词： Cardiovascular system EMMPRIN

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Effects of Parasitic Diseases on the Cardiovascular system

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第6期10卷 90-102页

作者： Tao Zhang Jun Jiang Jianfa Liu Department of Parasitology Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo China Department of Cardiology Fenghua People’s Hospital Ningbo China Department of Infectious Disease School of Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Ningbo China

The parasitic disease can significantly affect the Cardiovascular system through various mechanisms;even though it is traditionally regarded as a disease characterized by parasitic sites’ mechanical damage and some immune responses. Recent studies have shown that the role of parasitic factors in the cause of death due to cardiovascular events cannot be ignored. Considering the worldwide prevalence of parasitic diseases, exploring the effects of parasitic diseases on the Cardiovascular system becomes increasingly essential. Here we summarize the latest understanding of common parasitic infections, explore the possible mechanisms of cardiovascular responses to parasitic infections, and propose feasible strategies for preventing and treating parasite-induced cardiac reactions.

关键词： Parasite Parasitic Diseases Chagas Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular system

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On the Blood Pressure in the Cardiovascular system

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第4期10卷 26-36页

作者： Xiaobing Lu Jianli Jiang Shaohua Wang The Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The First People’s Hospital of Yichang Yichang China The Yichang Central People’s Hospital Yichang China

Background: Hemodynamics is a practical and complicated theoretical problem. The aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of blood pressure in the Cardiovascular system changing with the mechanical parameters of blood vessels and the storage of some visceral organs. Method: The fluid network model was used for the study. The Cardiovascular system was modeled as a system consisting of 20 segments of vessels. The main controlling parameters were determined first by using dimensional analysis. Then the responses of blood pressure of each segment of vessels were analyzed by changing the controlling parameters. Results: The parameters of the blood vessel of brain have the least influence on the pressures of other parts. The pressures of the system of blood vessels will decrease if some blood is stored in the liver or the abdominal vein system. Vice versa. The effects of regulation of blood on the variation of blood pressure are larger than the other controlling parameters. Conclusions: The controlling parameters of the abdominal aorta and ascending aorta affect greatly the blood pressure of each vessel.

关键词： Cardiovascular system Response of Blood Pressure Regulation of Blood Flow Theory of Womersley

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Primary study of muscone's effect on Cardiovascular system

Primary study of muscone's effect on cardiovascular system

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两岸三地药理学与临床药理学术会议

作者： ZHU Xue-jing~(1,2) WU Oi-biao~1 LI Hai-tao~(1,2) (1. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 00853, China 2. College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China)

Objective To investigate the effect of muscone on Cardiovascular system.Methods Experimental animals to divide muscone high、middle、low dose group(the mouse is 20 mg·kg,10 mg·kg,5.0 mg·kg;the rat is 10 mg·kg,5.0 mg·kg,2.5 mg·kg),GT group(the mouse is 1/12 mg·kg;the rat is 1/24 mg·kg) and NS group.Intragastric administration in a week,do the mouse ant-hypoxia experi- ment、the drug (Pit.) produce the rat myocardial ischemia experiment and obstruct coronary artery to pro- duce the rat myocardial isehemia experiment.The mice’s survival time (t),the rat’s variation of T in elec- trocardiogram、creatinkinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were recorded,respectively.Results The effect of Muscone is significant difference between GT and NS in a dose variation manner.Conclusions Muscone has the effect of ant-hypoxia,cutting down T peak value,reducing CK and LDH.The museone has effect to inhibiting myocardial ischemia.

关键词： muscone Cardiovascular system

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