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Geochemical Assessment for Morendat East Geothermal Prospect, Using Radon and carbondioxide Concentration from Soil, Kenya

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 38-47页

作者： Jesca Muga Ministry of Energy and Petroleum P.O. Box 30582-00100 Nairobi Kenya

Geochemical assessment was carried out at the Morendat East geothermal prospect by characterizing radon （22~Rn） and carbondioxide （CO2） concentration levels from soil-gas survey. The primary aim was to locate permeable zones and infer the presence of possible heat source linked to an active geothermal system. The secondary aim was to rank the prospect and facilitate its development by the private sector. This study focused on the distribution of Radon and Carbon dioxide concentration levels in the soil cover within Morendat East area located in Nakuru County. The area was considered as having potential for geothermal resource hence earmarked for study in the financial Year 2014/2015 by the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum. The location is characterized by scarcity of surface geothermal manifestations hence soil gas survey was considered appropriate for the study. Random sampling method was used and resulted in sampling 100 points in an area of about 90 km^2. CO2 concentration measurements were done using an Orsat gas sampling apparatus whereas ^220Rn gas concentrations were measured using a portable radon detector. The CO2 values ranged from 0-5.4% while the ^220Rn ranged from 0-2,834 counts per minute （cpm）. Possible faults were inferred north of the prospect area due to the anomalously high levels of CO2 and ^220Rn recorded.

关键词： carbondioxide radon geochemical exploration permeability and soil gas survey.

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Carbon dioxide for gut distension during digestive endoscopy:Technique and practice survey

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第12期15卷 1475-1479页

作者： Filip Janssens Jacques Deviere Pierre Eisendrath Jean-Marc Dumonceau Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University HospitalsMicheli-du-Crest street241205 GenevaSwitzerland Medical-Surgical Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology Erasme HospitalUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium

AIM:To assess the adoption of Carbon dioxide(CO2)insufflation by endoscopists from various European countries,and its ***:A survey was distributed to 580 endoscopists attending a live course on digestive ***:The response rate was 24.5%.Fewer than half the respondents(66/142,46.5%)were aware of the fact that room air can be replaced by CO2 for gut distension during endoscopy,and 4.2%of respondents were actually using CO2 as the insufflation *** aware of the possibility of CO2 insufflation mentioned technical difficulties in implementing the system and the absence of significant advantages of CO2 in comparison with room air as barriers to adoption in daily practice(84%and 49%of answers,respectively;two answers were permitted for this item).CONCLUSION:Based on this survey,adoption of CO2 insufflation during endoscopy seems to remain relatively exceptional.A majority of endoscopists were not aware of this possibility,while others were not aware of recent technical developments that facilitate CO2 implementation in an endoscopy suite.

关键词： Colonoscopy Practice survey carbondioxide Digestive endoscopy

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SOLUBILITIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN MIXTURES OF n-DECANE-n-HEXADECANE AND n-HEPTANE-TOLUENE

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 1996年第2期4卷 77-82页

作者：章连众韩世钧 Helmut Knapp Institut for Thermodynamik und Reaklionstechnik Technische Universitat Berlin Straβe des 17. Juni 135 D-10623 Berlin Germany

Solubilities of CO2 in binary mixtures of n-decane-n-hexadecane and n-heptane-toluenewere measured in a glass apparatus by a synthetic ***’s constants at several temperaturesand solvent compositions were *** the Henry’s constants of CO2 in mixtures of decaneand hexadecane can be satisfactorily predicted by a simple linear interpolation,prediction of Henry’sconstants for CO2 in mixtures of heptane and toluene requires excess Gibbs energy of the solvent *** standard thermodynamic functions of solution（ΔH0,ΔG0,and ΔS0）were reported.

关键词： carbondioxide n-decane n-hexadecane n-heptane toluene gas solubility thermodynamic properties

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Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy under steadypressure automatically controlled endoscopy:First clinicalseries

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世界胃肠内镜杂志：英文版（电子版） 2016年第3期8卷 186-191页

作者： Hiroyuki Imaeda Kiyokazu Nakajima Naoki Hosoe Masanori Nakahara Shinichiro Zushi Motohiko Kato Kazuhiro Kashiwagi Yasushi Matsumoto Kayoko Kimura Rieko Nakamura Norihito Wada Masahiko Tsujii Naohisa Yahagi Toshifumi Hibi Takanori Kanai Tetsuo Takehara Haruhiko Ogata Department of General Internal Medicine Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama 350-0495Japan Division of Next Generation Endoscopic Intervention Osaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Department of Gastroenterology Ikeda City HospitalOsaka 563-8510Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan Department of Surgery School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment Cancer CenterSchool of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan

AIM: To elucidate the safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) under steady pressure automatically controlled endoscopy(SPACE) using carbon dioxide(CO_2).METHODS: Nine patients underwent PEG with a modified introducer method under conscious sedation. A T-tube was attached to the channel of an endoscope connected to an automatic surgical insufflator. The stomach was inflated under the SPACE system. The intragastric pressure was kept between 4-8 mmH g with a flow of CO_2 at 35 L/min. Median procedure time, intragastric pressure, median systolic blood pressure, partial pressure of CO_2, abdominal girth before and immediately after PEG, and free gas and small intestinal gas on abdominal X-ray before and after PEG were recorded. RESULTS: PEG was completed under stable pneumostomach in all patients, with a median procedural time of 22 min. Median intragastric pressure was 6.9 mmH g and median arterial CO_2 pressure before and after PEG was 42.1 and 45.5 Torr(NS). The median abdominal girth before and after PEG was 68.1 and 69.6 cm(NS). A mild free gas image after PEG was observed in two patients, and faint abdominal gas in the downstream bowel was documented in two ***: SPACE might enable standardized pneumostomach and modified introducer procedure of PEG.

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Steadypressure automatically controlled endoscopy carbondioxide

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