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How important is carbonate dissolution in buried sandstones:evidences from petrography,porosity,experiments,and geochemical calculations

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Petroleum Science 2019年第4期16卷 729-751页

作者： Guang-Hui Yuan Ying-Chang Cao Jon Gluyas Yan-Zhong Wang Ke-Yu Liu Ke-Lai Xi Tian Yang Jian Wang Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas School of GeoscienceChina University of PetroleumQingdao 266580ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences Durham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK

Burial dissolution of feldspar and carbonate minerals has been proposed to generate large volumes of secondary pores in subsurface reservoirs. Secondary porosity due to feldspar dissolution is ubiquitous in buried sandstones;however, extensive burial dissolution of carbonate minerals in subsurface sandstones is still debatable. In this paper, we first present four types of typical selective dissolution assemblages of feldspars and carbonate minerals developed in di erent sandstones. Under the constraints of porosity data, water–rock experiments, geochemical calculations of aggressive fluids, diagenetic mass transfer, and a review of publications on mineral dissolution in sandstone reservoirs, we argue that the hypothesis for the creation of significant volumes of secondary porosity by mesodiagenetic carbonate dissolution in subsurface sandstones is in conflict with the limited volume of aggressive fluids in rocks. In addition, no transfer mechanism supports removal of the dissolution products due to the small water volume in the subsurface reservoirs and the low mass concentration gradients in the pore water. Convincing petrographic evidence supports the view that the extensive dissolution of carbonate cements in sandstone rocks is usually associated with a high flux of deep hot fluids provided via fault systems or with meteoric freshwater during the eodiagenesis and telodiagenesis stages. The presumption of extensive mesogenetic dissolution of carbonate cements producing a significant net increase in secondary porosity should be used with careful consideration of the geological background in prediction of sandstone quality.

关键词： Mesodiagenetic carbonate dissolution Petrography Geochemical Buried sandstones

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Zinc Redistribution in a Soil Developed from Limestone During Pedogenesis

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 292-304页

作者： C. LAVEUF S. CORNU D. BAIZE M. HARDY O. JOSIERE S. DROUIN A. BRUAND F. JUILLOT INRA UR0272 Science du Sol Centre de recherche d'Orlans 45075 Orlans cedex 2 (France) ISTO UMR 6113 CNRS Universit d'Orlans 45071 Orlans cedex 2 (France) ISTO UMR 6113 CNRS Universitd'Orlans 45071 Orlans cedex 2 (France) IMPMC UMR CNRS 7590 Universit Paris 6 et 7 IPGC 75252 Paris cedex 05 (France)

The long-term redistribution of Zn in a naturally Zn-enriched soil during pedogenesis was quantified based on mass balance calculations. According to their fate, parent limestones comprised three Zn pools: bound to calcite and pyritesphalerite grains, bound to phyllosilicates and bound to goethite in the inherited phosphate nodules. Four pedological processes, i.e., carbonate dissolution, two stages of redox processes and eluviation, redistributed Zn during pedogenesis. The carbonate dissolution of limestones released Zn bound to calcite into soil solution. Due to residual enrichment, Zn concentrations in the soil are higher than those in parent limestones. Birnessite, ferrihydrite and goethite dispersed in soil horizon trapped high quantities of Zn during their formation. Afterwards, primary redox conditions induced the release of Zn and Fe into soil solution, and the subsequent individualization of Fe and Mn into Zn-rich concretions. Both processes and subsequent aging of the concretions formed induced significant exportation of Zn through the bottom water table. Secondary redox conditions promoted the weathering of Fe and Mn oxides in cements and concretions. This process caused other losses of Zn through lateral exportation in an upper water table. Concomitantly, eluviation occurred at the top of the solum. The lateral exportation of eluviated minerals through the upper water table limited illuviation. Eluviation was also responsible for Zn loss, but this Zn bound to phyllosilicates was not bioavailable.

关键词： carbonate dissolution eluviation long-term redox speciation

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Foraminifera in surface sediments of the Bering and Chukchi Seas and their sedimentary environment

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2002年第1期21卷 67-76页

作者：孟翊陈荣华郑玉龙 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

Based on a quantitative analysis of foraminifera in 39 surface samples of the Bering andChukchi Seas, the nearly absence of planktonic foraminifera in the surface sediments can be related to the low surface primary productivity and strong carbonate dissolution in the study area. It has been revealed that the surface primary productivity, and carbonate dissolution and properties of water masses related to the water depth mainly control the distribution of benthic foraminifera. The shelf of the Chukchi Sea is dominated by the Elphidium spp. assemblage and Nonionella robusta assemblage with low foraminiferal abundance and diversity, which is controlled by the coastal water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The slope of the Bering Sea is dominated by the Uvigerina peregrina - Globobulimina affinis assemblage with abundant N. robusta, and relatively high foraminiferal abundance and diversity, which is controlled by the intermediate and deep water masses of the Pacific Ocean. However, the Bering Sea has relatively shallow carbonate lysocline and compensation depth (CCD) , at about 2 000 and 3 800 m, respectively. In addition, there exists Stetsonia arctica in the surface sediments of the upper slope in the Bering Sea, which is a typical deep-sea benthic foraminiferal species of the slope in the Arctic Ocean. This indicates that the deep water of the two seas beside the Bering Strait had ever exchanged.

关键词： Bering and Chukchi Seas foraminifera surface sediments carbonate dissolution water masses

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