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Repeated inoculations of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille calmette-guérin (BCG) are needed to induce a strong humoral immune response against antigens expressed by the bacteria

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Open Journal of Immunology 2013年第3期3卷 71-81页

作者： Monique C. da Silva Elena B. Lasunskaia Wilmar Dias da Silva Laboratory of Biology of Recognition Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Campos Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Immunochemistry Institute Butantan S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

The cellular immune response elicited by Mycobacterium bovis Bacille calmette-guérin (BCG) has been carefully investigated, but the humoral immune response has been partially neglected. BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG strain used to immunize humans. Anti-BCG antibodies, as assayed by ELISA, began to appear in the sera after the third week of immunization and plateaued three weeks after the 8th immunization. The total immunoglobulins (Igs) were purified by caprylic acid method from pooled serum collected after the 8th immunization. Anti-BCG antigen antibodies were detected in the total Igs preparation as well as in IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not in the IgG3. Distinct BCG proteins were recognized the IgGs in Western blot analysis. Opsonization of BCG bacilli by the purified Igs potentiated internalization of the bacteria by murine Raw 264.7 macrophages. The intracellular BCG elimination coincided with the induction of NO production, which was more pronounced in cells infected with opsonized BCG compared to those infected with the non-opsonized bacteria. Coincidently, the production of NO was also higher in macrophages infected with opsonized BCG (maximal NO production at 48 h of incubation). The obtained results demonstrate that repeated inoculations of BCG effectively activate the humoral immune response, justifying the use of BCG as a live recombinant vaccine vector to insert genes encoding virulence factors controlled by antibodies.

关键词： Mycobacterium bovis Bacille calmette-guérin BCG Antibodies Opsonization Bacterial Killing

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The Effects of Ganoderma lucidumon Initial Events Related to the Bacillus calmette-guérinEfficacy and Toxicity on High-Risk Uroepithelial Cells: An in VitroPreliminary Study

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Chinese Medicine 2013年第2期4卷 52-61页

作者： John Wai-Man Yuen Mayur-Danny I. Gohel Chi-Fai Ng Department of Medical Science Tung Wah College Hong Kong China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

A novel prophylactic regimen is demanded for preventing bladder cancer recurrence, because of the high side-effect tolls of conventional adjuvant Bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG) immunotherapy, in addition to its only moderate efficacy. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer properties of a medicinal mushroom called Ganoderma lucidum (GL). In this study, a pre-malignant human uroepithelial cells (HUC-PC) model was utilized to compare the effectiveness between ethanol extract of GL (GLe) and BCG on interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity. Additionally, parameters relevant to the BCG efficacy and safety, including free soluble fibronectin (FN) and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) levels were tested, following the exposure of GLe to the cells. GLe at 100 μg/ml and BCG at 4.8 × 107 CFU were shown to induce equivalent levels of IL-6, suggesting the potential synergism, while the tested concentrations of GLe were non-cytotoxic. During the initial four hours of GLe exposure, the free FN concentrations in harvested media were significantly reduced that might facilitate the binding of BCG for uroepithelial internalization to enhance BCG efficacy. Furthermore, the cell membrane-bound GAGs levels of HUC-PC cells were significant increased in response to GLe to suggest cellular protection from BCG infection. In summary, current findings suggest the potential additive synergism of GLe with the BCG efficacy, as well as its protective effects, and thus reducing the BCG toxicity.

关键词： Ganoderma lucidum Bacillus calmette-guérin Bladder Cancer Uroepithelial Cells Synergism

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