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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve biomass, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller under different water levels

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第8期15卷 975-988页

作者： Teame G KEBEDE Emiru BIRHANE Kiros-Meles AYIMUT Yemane G EGZIABHER Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourceMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Department of Animal Production and Technology College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceAdigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Science College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourceMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia

Opuntia ficus-indica(L.)Miller is a CAM(crassulacean acid metabolism)plant with an extraordinary capacity to adapt to drought stress by its ability to fix atmospheric CO_(2) at nighttime,store a significant amount of water in cladodes,and reduce root *** that grow in moisture-stress conditions with thick and less fine root hairs have a strong symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)to adapt to drought *** stress can limit plant growth and biomass production,which can be rehabilitated by AMF association through improved physiological *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AMF inoculations and variable soil water levels on the biomass,photosynthesis,and water use efficiency of the spiny and spineless *** experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a full factorial experiment using ***-indica type(spiny or spineless),AMF(presence or absence),and four soil water available(SWA)treatments through seven *** treatments applied were 0%–25%SWA(T1),25%–50%SWA(T2),50%–75%SWA(T3),and 75%–100%SWA(T4).Drought stress reduced biomass and cladode growth,while AMF colonization significantly increased the biomass production with significant changes in the physiological performance of *** presence significantly increased biomass of both ***-indica plant types through improved growth,photosynthetic water use efficiency,and *** presence of spines on the surface of cladodes significantly reduced the rate of photosynthesis and photosynthetic water use *** photosynthesis,photosynthetic water use efficiency,transpiration,and stomatal conductance rate significantly decreased with increased drought *** drought stress,some planted mother cladodes with the absence of AMF have not established daughter cladodes,whereas AMF-inoculated mother cladodes fully established daughter *** root colonization significantly increased with the decrease o

关键词： biomass cactus pear cladode growth photosynthesis water stress water use efficiency

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Calcium Oxalate and Other Cladode Features in Opuntia ficus-indica Resistant Cultivars to Dactylopius coccus Costa

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第2期12卷 112-123页

作者： Yemane Kahsay Berhe Liberato Portillo Lourdes Delgado-Aceves Hilda Palacios-Juárez Ana Lilia Vigueras Department of Horticulture and Beles Institute Adigrat University Tigray Ethiopia Departamento de Botánica y Zoología CUCBA-Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico

Multipurpose cactus pear plant with great potential as a source of food and livestock faced a threat from Dactylopius spp in different countries. Specifically, D. coccus is an important pest damaging significant areas in Tigray-Ethiopia. Using pest-resistant cultivars is an important element of an integrated pest management strategy, and studying the mechanisms of resistance is vital. It can be chemical or physical such as oxalate crystals and other cladode characteristics. Cladode features of six cultivars (three O. ficus-indica, two O. cochenillifera, and one O. robusta) were examined for resistance to D. coccus in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. ‘Rojo Pelón’ (O. ficus-indica), ‘Robusta’ (O. robusta), and ‘Bioplástico’ (O. cochenillifera) are resistant cultivars;and ‘Atlixco’ and ‘Chicomostoc’ (O. ficus-indica) and ‘Nopalea’ (O. cochenillifera) are susceptible. Cultivars showed a significant difference in cladode weight in g, and cladode length, cladode width, and cladode thickness in cm, where cladode thickness was higher in ‘Rojo Pelón’ followed by ‘Robusta’. Calcium oxalates number per mm was higher in ‘Bioplástico’ (20.7 ± 2.08) followed by ‘Robusta’ (18.9 ± 2.31) and ‘Rojo Pelón’ (15.9 ± 0.34);and similarly, epidermis thickness found higher in ‘Bioplástico’ (0.21 ± 0.032) and ‘Robusta’ (0.19 ± 0.014), but similar with ‘Rojo Pelón’ (0.18 ± 0.026). However, cuticle thickness didn’t show a difference among cultivars. Cladode thickness, calcium oxalate number, and epidermis thickness had positive correlations with resistance. These results demonstrate that calcium oxalate number and epidermis thickness might have a positive role in D. coccus resistance in O. ficus-indica. This feeding-barring role and the insect-plant interaction need to be studied.

关键词： cactus pear Resistance Druses Epidermis Thickness

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