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Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere: A systematic survey using the cses satellite

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui ZHAO ShuFan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation（PLR） at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by cses satellite between January 2019 and December 2022. The study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors, including solar radiation, lightning activity, and try to clarify the influence of electricity consumption. The results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7) plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate, and that there is no direct connection with the number of lightning. For the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption, the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the US. However, there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period, suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two coasts. After excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate, we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit satellite. Finally, we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： cses satellite power line radiation occurrence rate solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

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Proton loss of inner radiation belt during geomagnetic storm of 2018 based on cses satellite observation

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第12期30卷 664-670页

作者：张振霞申旭辉李新乔王永福 National Institute of Natural Hazards MEMCBeijing 100085China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The proton distribution in inner radiation belt is often affected by strong geomagnetic storm disturbance.Based on the data of the sun-synchronous cses satellite,which carries with several high energy particle payloads and was launched in February 2018,we analyzed the extensive proton variations in the inner radiation belt in a wide energy range of 2 MeV-220 MeV during 2018 major geomagnetic storm.The result indicates that the loss mechanism of protons was energy dependence which is consistent with some previous studies.For protons at low energy 2 MeV-20 MeV,the fluxes were decreased during main phase of the storm and did not come back quickly during the recovery phase,which is likely to be caused by Coulomb collision due to neutral atmosphere density variation.At higher energy 30 MeV-100 MeV,it was confirmed that the magnetic field line curvature scattering plays a significant role in the proton loss phenomenon during this storm.At highest energies>100 MeV,the fluxes of protons kept a stable level and did not exhibit a significant loss during this storm.

关键词： proton loss the inner radiation belt cses satellite field line curvature scattering

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A lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model for ELF electromagnetic waves radiated from seismic sources and its possibility observed by the cses

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 2551-2559页

作者： ZHAO ShuFan SHEN XuHui LIAO Li ZEREN ZhiMa National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Over the last century, abnormal electromagnetic(EM) emissions associated with earthquake(EQ) activities have been widely reported and recorded by ground-based and satellite observations. The mechanism of extremely low-frequency(ELF) EM waves radiated from earthquakes has been gradually established. However, whether EM waves radiated from earthquakes can be detected by low Earth orbit(LEO) satellites remains controversial. In this paper, to address these concerns, a lithosphereatmosphere-ionosphere model of ELF wave propagation is constructed. The features of the simulated EM field at LEO satellite altitudes radiated from earthquakes have been studied. The simulated EM field at the altitude of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(cses) is compared with the sensitivity of electromagnetic(EM) sensors onboard the cses. The results illustrate that an earthquake with a magnitude over 6.0 can be detected by the EM sensors of the cses. However, this depends on the focal depth, seismogenic environment and ionospheric parameters.

关键词： earthquakes cses satellite sensitivity trans-lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere ELF wave propagation model

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The first joint experimental results between SURA and cses

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第6期2卷 527-537页

作者： XueMin Zhang Vladimir Frolov ShuFan Zhao Chen Zhou YaLu Wang Alexander Ryabov DuLin Zhai Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China Radiophysical Research Institute Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russia Department of Space Physics School of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Kazan Federal University Kazan 420008 Russia

In June 2018, for the first time, the SURA heating facility in Russia, together with the in-orbit China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(cses), carried out a series of experiments in emitting high frequency(HF) O-mode radio waves to disturb the ionosphere. This paper reports data from those experiments, collected onboard cses, including electric field, in-situ plasma parameters, and energetic particle flux. Five cases are analyzed, two cases in local daytime and three in local nighttime. We find that the pumping wave frequencies f_0 in local daytime were close to the critical frequency of the F_2 layer f_oF_2, but no pumping waves were detected by the electric field detector(EFD) on cses even when the emitted power reached 90 MW, and no obvious plasma disturbances were observed from cses in those two daytime cases. But on June 16, there existed a spread F phenomena when f_0 was lower than f_oF_2 at that local daytime period.During the three cases in local nighttime, the pumping waves were clearly distinguished in the HF-band electric field at the emitted frequency with the emitted power only 30 MW; the power spectrum density of the electric field was larger by an order of magnitude than the normal background, with the propagating radius exceeding 200 km. Due to the small f_oF_2 over SURA in June at that local nighttime period, f_0 in these three cases were significantly higher than f_oF_2, all belonging to under-dense heating conditions. As for the plasma parameters, only an increase of about 100 K in ion temperature was observed on June 12; in the other two cases(with one orbit without plasma data on June 17), no obvious plasma disturbances were found. This first joint SURA-cses experiment illustrates that the present orbit of cses can cross quite close to the SURA facility, which can insure an effective heating time from SURA so that cses can observe the perturbations at the topside ionosphere excited by SURA in the near region. The detection of plasma disturbances on June 12 with under-dense heating mode in lo

关键词： cses satellite SURA ionospheric perturbations electric field HF pumping wave

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A study on the energetic electron precipitation observed by cses

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第6期2卷 538-547页

作者： YaLu Wang XueMin Zhang XuHui Shen Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration

High energy particles are the main target of satellite space exploration; particle storm events are closely related to solar activity,cosmic ray distribution, and magnetic storms. The commonly seen energetic particle(electron) precipitation anomalies include mainly the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts, the South Atlantic Anomaly, and the anomalous stripes excited by artificial electromagnetic waves. The China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(cses), launched in February of 2018, provides a platform for studying ionospheric particle disturbances. This paper reports the first studies of electron precipitation phenomenon based on high energy particle data from the cses. We find that the global distribution of electron fluxes in the low energy band(0.1–3 MeV) can relatively well reflect the anomalous precipitation belt, which is consistent with results based on the DEMETER satellite, indicating that the quality of the lowenergy band payload of the cses is good. In addition, this paper makes an in-depth study of the electron precipitation belt excited by the NWC artificial VLF electromagnetic transmitter located in Australia, which appears as a typical wisp structure on the energy spectrum. The magnetic shell parameter L corresponding to the precipitation belt ranges from 1.44 to 1.74, which is close to the L value(～1.45) of the NWC transmitter; the energy of the precipitation electrons is between 100 keV and 361.57 keV, among which the precipitation of 213.73 keV electrons is most conspicuous.

关键词： cses satellite VLF Electron precipitation DEMETER satellite L shell

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Introduction to special section on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite and initial results

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第6期2卷 439-443页

作者： XuHui Shen Qiu-Gang Zong XueMin Zhang Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration School of Earth and Space Science Peking University Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration

1.Introduction The China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite (cses), which is also called ZhangHeng-1 (ZH-1), is the first Chinese space-borne platform dedicated to geophysical field measurement andearthquake monitoring by detecting variations in the electromagnetic environment of space. The cses was launched successfully at15:51 on February 2, 2018, at China’s Jiuquan satellite Launching Center.

关键词： cses satellite scientific payload data product scientific application

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