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Dramatic decline of observed atmospheric CO_(2) and CH_(4) during the covid-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 712-722页

作者： Miao Liang Yong Zhang Qianli Ma Dajiang Yu Xiaojian Chen Jason Blake Cohen Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Lin’an Atmospheric Regional Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Hangzhou 311307China Longfengshan Regional Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Heilongjiang 150200China Shanxi Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Shanxi 030000China School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

The temporal variation of greenhouse gas concentrations in China during the covid-19 lockdown in China is analyzed in this work using high resolution measurements of near surface ΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) andΔCO concentrations above the background conditions at Lin’an station(LAN),a regional background station in the Yangtze River Delta *** the pre-lockdown observational period(IOP-1),bothΔCO_(2) andΔCH_(4) exhibited a significant increasing trend relative to the 2011-2019 climatological *** reduction ofΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) andΔCO during the lockdown observational period(IOP-2)(which also coincided with the Chinese New Year Holiday)reached up to 15.0 ppm,14.2 ppb and 146.8 ppb,respectively,and a reduction ofΔCO_(2)/ΔCO probably due to a dramatic reduction from industrial emissions.ΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) and ΔCO were observed to keep declining during the post-lockdown easing phase(IOP-3),which is the synthetic result of lower than normal CO_(2) emissions from rural regions around LAN coupled with strong uptake of the terrestrial ***,the trend reversed to gradual increase for all species during the later easing phase(IOP-4),with ΔCO_(2)/ΔCO constantly increasing from IOP-2 to IOP-3 and finally IOP-4,consistent with recovery in industrial emissions associated with the staged resumption of economic *** average,ΔCO_(2) declined sharply throughout the days during IOP-2 but increased gradually throughout the days during *** findings showcase the significant role of emission reduction in accounting for the dramatic changes in measured atmosphericΔCO_(2) and ΔCH_(4) associated with the covid-19 lockdown and recovery.

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Atmospheric CH_(4) covid-19 lockdown The Yangtze river delta

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Effect of covid-19 lockdown on the characterization and mixing state of carbonaceous particles in the urban atmosphere of Liaocheng, the North China Plain

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Particuology 2023年第7期78卷 23-34页

作者： Min Chen Jingjing Meng Yuanyuan Li Yachen Wang Tonglin Huang Zheng Li Xiaohan Song Can Wu Zhanfang Hou School of Geography and the Environment Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252000China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Nomnal University.Shanghai200241China

To investigate the effect of covid-19 control measures on aerosol chemistry,the chemical compositions,mixing states,and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous particles in the urban atmosphere of Liao-cheng in the North China Plain(NCP)were compared before and during the pandemic using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometry(SPAMS).The results showed that the concentrations of five air pollutants including PM2.5,PM1o,SO2,NO2,and cO decreased by 41.2%-71.5%during the pandemic compared to those before the pandemic,whereas O3 increased by 1.3 times during the pandemic because of the depressed titration of O3 and more favorable meteorological *** count and percentage contribution of carbonaceous particles in the total detected particles were lower during the pandemic than those before the *** carbonaceous particles were dominated by elemental and organic carbon(ECOC,35.9%),followed by elemental carbon-aged(EC-aged,19.6%)and organic carbon-fresh(OC-fresh,13.5%)before the pandemic,while EC-aged(25.3%),ECOC(17.9%),and secondary ions-rich(SEC,17.8%)became the predominant species during the *** carbonaceous particle sizes during the pandemic showed a broader distribution than that before the pandemic,due to the condensation and coagulation of carbonaceous particles in the aging *** relative aerosol acidity(Rra)was smaller before the pandemic than that during the pandemic,indicating the more acidic particle aerosol during the pandemic closely related to the secondary species and relative humidity(RH).More than 95.0%and 86.0%of carbonaceous particles in the whole period were internally mixed with nitrate and sulfate,implying that most of the carbonaceous particles were associated with secondary oxidation during their formation *** diurnal variations of oxalate particles and correlation analyses suggested that oxalate particles before the pandemic were derived from aqueous oxidation driven by RH and liquid water content(LwC),wh

关键词： Carbonaceous particles Oxalate particles Mixing state covid-19 lockdown Single particle aerosol mass spectrometry(SPAMS)

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Impact of meteorological condition changes on air quality and particulate chemical composition during the covid-19 lockdown

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第11期33卷 45-56页

作者： Jing Ding Qili Dai Yafei Li Suqin Han Yufen Zhang Yinchang Feng Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center Tianjin 300074China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research Tianjin 300074China

Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019(covid-19)lockdown period(January 23,2020 to March 15,2020)have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of ***,22.7%decrease in NO_(2)and 3.0%increase of O_(3)was observed in Tianjin,nonlinear relationship between O_(3)generation and NO_(2)implied that synergetic control of NOx and VOCs is *** meteorological condition during the covid-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM2.5 *** transport in 2020 Spring Festival(SF)triggered regional haze ***2.5 during the covid-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6%in *** we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM2.5(DN-PM2.5),aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM2.5 reduction,which reduced by 17.7%during the covid-19 *** terms of PM2.5 chemical composition,significant NO_(3)−increase was observed during the covid-19 ***,as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity,odd oxygen(Ox=NO_(2)+O_(3))was observed to reduce during the covid-19 lockdown,whereas relative humidity(RH),specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content(ALWC)were observed with noticeable *** oxidation rate(NOR)was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC,especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF,high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was *** enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the covid-19 lockdown period.

关键词： covid-19 lockdown Air quality Meteorological condition Air humidity Aerosol chemistry

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Spatiotemporal variability/stability analysis of NO_(2),CO,and land surface temperature(LST)during covid-19 lockdown in Amman city,Jordan

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第3期26卷 540-557页

作者： Ali Almagbile Khaled Hazaymeh Department of Geography Applied Geoinformatics LaboratoryYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan

The massive lockdown of human socioeconomic activities and vehicle movements due to the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has resulted in an unprecedented reduction in pollutant gases such as Nitrogen Dioxide(NO_(2))and Carbon Monoxide(CO)as well as Land Surface Temperature(LST)in Amman as well as all countries around the *** this study,the spatial and temporal variability/stability of NO_(2),CO,and LST throughout the lockdown period over Amman city have been *** NO_(2) and CO column density values were acquired from Sentinel-5p while the LST data were obtained from MODIS satellite during the lockdown period from 20 March to 24 April in 2019,2020,and *** statistical analysis showed an overall reduction in NO_(2) in 2020 by around 27% and 48% compared to 2019 and 2021,***,an increase of 7% in 2021 compared to 2019 was observed because almost all anthropogenic activities were allowed during the *** temporal persistence showed almost constant NO2 values in 2020 over the study area throughout the lockdown *** addition,a slight decrease in CO(around 1%)was recorded in 2020 and 2021 compared to the same period in *** on human activities resulted in an evident drop in LST in 2020 by around 13%and 18% less than the 5-year average and 2021 *** study concludes that due to the restrictions imposed on industrial activities and automobile movements in Amman city,an unprecedented reduction in NO_(2),CO,and LST was recorded.

关键词： Air quality covid-19 lockdown spatiotemporal analysis NO_(2) CO Land Surface Temperature(LST) Sentinel-5p and MODIS satellites

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Heavy haze pollution during the covid-19 lockdown in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 170-178页

作者： Xin Zhang Zhongzhi Zhang Zhisheng Xiao Guigang Tang Hong Li Rui Gao Xu Dao Yeyao Wang Wenxing Wang Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China China National Environmental Monitoring Centre Beijing 100012China

To investigate the characteristics of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm(PM_(2.5))and its chemical compositions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China during the novel coronavirus disease(covid-19)lockdown,the ground-based data of PM_(2.5),trace gases,water-soluble inorganic ions,and organic and elemental carbon were analyzed in three typical cities(Beijing,Tianjin,and Baoding)in the BTH region of China from 5-15 February *** PM_(2.5)source apportionment was established by combining the weather research and forecasting model and comprehensive air quality model with extensions(WRF-CAMx).The results showed that the maximum daily PM_(2.5)concentration reached the heavy pollution level(>150μg/m^(3))in the above three *** sum concentration of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)played a dominant position in PM_(2.5)chemical compositions of Beijing,Tianjin,and Baoding;secondary transformation of gaseous pollutants contributed significantly to PM_(2.5)generation,and the secondary transformation was enhanced as the increased PM_(2.5)*** results of WRF-CAMx showed obviously inter-transport of PM_(2.5)in the BTH region;the contribution of transportation source decreased significantly than previous reports in Beijing,Tianjin,and Baoding during the covid-19 lockdown;but the contribution of industrial and residential emission sources increased significantly with the increase of PM_(2.5)concentration,and industry emission sources contributed the most to PM_(2.5)***,control policies should be devoted to reducing industrial emissions and regional joint control strategies to mitigate haze pollution.

关键词： covid-19 lockdown Heavy haze pollution Chemical compositions Source apportionment Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

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An application of artificial intelligence for investigating the effect of covid-19 lockdown on three-dimensional temperature variation in equatorial Africa

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 52-61页

作者： Daniel Okoh Loretta Onuorah Babatunde Rabiu Aderonke Obafaye Dauda Audu Najib Yusuf Oluwafisayo Owolabi Centre for Atmospheric Research National Space Research and Development AgencyAnyigbaNigeria Department of Physical and Geosciences Godfrey Okoye UniversityEnuguNigeria Institute for Space Science and Engineering African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria

We present interesting application of artificial intelligence for investigating effect of the covid-19 lockdown on 3-dimensional temperature variation across Nigeria(2°-15°E,4°-14°N),in equatorial *** neural networks were trained to learn time-series temperature variation patterns using radio occultation measurements of atmospheric temperature from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate(COSMIC).Data used for training,validation and testing of the neural networks covered period prior to the *** was also an investigation into the viability of solar activity indicator(represented by the sunspot number)as an input for the *** results indicated that including the sunspot number as an input for the training did not improve the network prediction *** trained network was then used to predict values for the lockdown *** the network was trained using pre-lockdown dataset,predictions from the network are regarded as expected temperatures,should there have been no *** comparing with the actual COSMIC measurements during the lockdown period,effects of the lockdown on atmospheric temperatures were *** overall,the mean altitudinal temperatures rose by about 1.1℃ above expected values during the *** altitudinal breakdown,at 1 km resolution,reveals that the values were typically below0.5℃ at most of the altitudes,but exceeded 1℃ at 28 and 29 km *** temperatures were also observed to drop below expected values at altitudes of 0-2 km,and 17-20 km.

关键词： Temperature Neural network Equatorial Africa covid-19 lockdown Time-series Sunspot number

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Impacts of covid-19 lockdown on the Banking Activities in Conakry

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第4期12卷 363-368页

作者： Yansane Alhousseine Souare Sekou Sêna Paumelie Immaculée N’Diaye Marie Angele Mamadou Mouctar Diallo F.B.A. Diallo Conde Namoudou Faculty of Technical Sciences of Health Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea National Occupational Health Service Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Legal Medicine Teaching Hospital Center of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic has affected all professional sectors to varying degrees. It has forced companies to restructure, initiate and promote telework. The aim was to study the impacts of covid-19 lockdown on banking activities in Conakry. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over seven months (from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021) and multicentric. It included thirteen of the eighteen banks of the main city of the capital Conakry (Kaloum). We analysed socio-demographic data and occupational characteristics. We paid particular attention to banking activities and medical datas. Results: During our study period, 875 workers met to our criteria, one third of whom were men. The average age was 37.93 ± 9.39 years [22 - 71]. Financial accounters were the most represented and average seniority at the job was 5.35 years. The work schedule was reduced during lockdown but an telework increased (29.8%). On the medical datas, the prevalence of covid-19 was 20.7%;the lethality rate was 0.6% and the absentee rate 15.6%. The covid-19 lockdown has deeply impacted the banking activities in Conakry particularly the productivity by a significant decrease in net banking income. Conclusion: Despite the continuity of activities during this pandemic, banks have experienced a reduction in their productivity resulting in a significant decrease in net banking income. These impacts of covid-19 on the banking sector reflect its impact on the national economy.

关键词： Banking Sector covid-19 lockdown

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Impact of covid-19 lockdown on Continuation of Treatment among the OPD Geriatric Patients

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Journal of Geriatric Medicine 2022年第2期4卷 4-10页

作者： Sasmita Das Priyanka Priyadarshini Nayak RashmipriyaRath SuchismitaNayak SUM Nursing College SOA Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdisha751003India Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing SUM Nursing CollegeSOA Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdisha751003India

The aim of the study was to identify the impact of covid-19 lockdown on continuation of treatment among the OPD geriatric ***tive research study has been conducted.A descriptive research design and convenience sampling technique were used to pick a total of 100 samples,(n=100).Self-structured socio demographic questionnaire and self structured interview method were used to collect the data in November 2020 at tertiary care hospitals,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,*** collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential *** of three categories of covid-19 pandemic factors affecting in availing OPD services reveals that the psychological factor has more effect(73%)followed by hospital related factors(68%)and the availability of public transportation and resources(62%)has less effect in availing OPD services among patients during covid-19 *** of chi square test reveals that there is no significant relationship of intensity of covid-19 pandemic factors affecting in availing OPD services among patients with selected socio demographic *** findings suggest that facility for sanitization of hospital premises,facility for social distancing in registration counter,waiting area and other areas of hospital are not quite *** like availability of public transport,availability of healthcare personnel’s in OPD,adequacy of treatment facility,cost of medical services,availability of diagnostic services,are highly affecting geriatric patients in availing OPD services during covid-19 pandemic and need to be taken care.

关键词： covid-19 lockdown Continuation of treatment OPD geriatric patients

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Effects of covid-19 lockdown on Body Composition and Fitness Performance among Football Players in Negro African Environment

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 456-475页

作者： Moulongo Jean Georges André Makosso Vheiye Georges Loubelo Prosper Mouanda Konde Dorel Massamba Miabaou Didace Mabiala Babela Jean Robert Massamba Alphonse Sport Biosciences Laboratory Higher Institute of Physical and Sports Education Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Nutrition and Motor Performance Laboratory Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education Lille 2 University Lille France Department of Digestive Surgery University Hospital Center Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Center Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Context and Objective: The nutritional and sports dimension of the lockdown implemented during the covid-19 pandemic is unexplored in the African environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of covid-19 lockdown on body composition and fitness performance in Congolese football players. Methods: This was an observational study carried out in Brazzaville between February 9 and October 30, 2020. It included 16 male players among Congolese senior national team and 11 male football players of first division Brazzaville clubs. Two types of measurements were carried out: anthropometric measures (height, body mass, total fat percent, lean body mass);physical capacities [30 m sprint, repeated sprint, aerobic endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test), vertical jump (Squat Jump test, Countermovement test)]. The measurements were realized at 4 times: before lockdown (month of february, T0), 1st week of june (T1), 1st week of september (T2), 1st week of october (T3). Data were compared using Student t test, Sokal S test, Anova, Newman-Keuls test (multiple contrasts) and correlation analysis. Results: A significant increase in body mass (p Conclusion: The present data suggest that covid-19 lockdown promotes weight gain and decreased physical ability in football players.

关键词： covid-19 lockdown Football Body Composition Physical Capacities Congo-Brazzaville

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Variations of air pollutants during covid-19 lockdown in Xi'an, China

Variations of air pollutants during COVID-19 lockdown in Xi'...

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第二十五届大气污染防治技术研讨会

作者：冯蓉 Hongmei Xu Zexuan Wang Pingping Liu Zhenxing Shen Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University

In the context of the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) in China,a strict lockdown policy during the epidemic was implemented to control the non-essential human activities (such as industry,agriculture,and transportation) in Xi’an,which greatly affected the emissions from anthropogenic *** the air quality data of the three periods (pre-lockdown,dur-lockdown,and post-lockdown of covid-19),it was found that AQI,PM,PM,SO and CO showed gradual downward trends rather than the lowest level during the lockdown period as *** may be due to the unfavorable meteorological factors during the lockdown *** exhibited the lowest level during lockdown,which reduced by 52%compared to pre-lockdown,which may be directly related to decreased daily travelling and motor vehicle *** concentration of O was the highest during the lockdown,reaching 88μg m,which was 2.6 times the level before the lockdown of *** mass and its carbonaceous fraction as well as water-soluble inorganic ions on the filter samples in the three periods were also analyzed in this *** concentration in pre-lockdown was1.2 and 1.6 times those in dur-lockdown and post-lockdown,*** proportion of EC in PM remained almost unchanged (2.2%-2.7%) in different research intervals,while the proportion of OC in PM reached the maximum (11.9%) during the lockdown period,1.1 and 1.3 times those before and after the lockdown of *** OC/EC values were all higher than 2.0 in this study,suggesting the presence of secondary organic carbon (SOC).Kconcentration during the lockdown was 1.8 and 2.9 times pre-and post-lockdown which is due to the increased consumption of household biomass fuels for heating and *** the lowest value during the lockdown,0.8 and 0.4times pre-and post-lockdown,proving that the reduction of travelling and construction activities during the epidemic lockdown had a greater impact on the concentration of *** NO/

关键词： covid-19 lockdown air quality PM2.5 meteorological condition anthropogenic emissions

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