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Open Question: Could a Causal Discontinuity Explain Fluctuations in the cmbr Radiation Spectrum?

Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2016年第2期2卷 186-208页

作者： Andrew Walcott Beckwith Physics Department College of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing China

Could a causal discontinuity lead to an explanation of fluctuations in the cmbr radiation spectrum? Is this argument valid if there is some third choice of set structure (for instance do self-referential sets fall into one category or another)? The answer to this question may lie in (entangled) vortex structure of space time, along the lines of structure similar to that generate in the laboratory by Ruutu. Self-referential sets may be part of the generated vortex structure, and we will endeavor to find if this can be experimentally investigated. If the causal set argument and its violation via this procedure holds, we have the view that what we see a space time “drum” effect with the causal discontinuity forming the head of a “drum” for a region of about 1010 bits of “information” before our present universe up to the instant of the big bang itself for a time region less than t~10-44 seconds in duration, with a region of increasing bits of “information” going up to 10120 due to vortex filament condensed matter style forming through a symmetry breaking phase transition. We address the issue of what this has to do with Bicep 2, the question of scalar-tensor gravity versus general relativity, how to avoid the detection of dust generated Gravity wave signals as what ruined the Bicep 2 experiment and some issues information flow and causal structure has for our cmbr data as seen in an overall summary of these issues in Appendix X, of this document. Appendix XI mentions how to differentiate between scalar-tensor gravity, and general relativity whereas Appendix XII, discusses how to avoid the Bicep 2 mistake again. While Appendix VIII gives us a simple data for a graviton power burst which we find instructive. We stress again, the importance of obtaining clean data sets so as to help us in the eventual detection of gravitational waves which we regard as decisively important and which we think by 2025 or so which will be an important test to

关键词： Scalar-Tensor Gravity Bicep 2 cmbr Causal Structure Causal Discontinuity

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cmbr工艺处理高浓度含油废水可行性研究

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水处理技术 2014年第12期40卷 83-85,90页

作者：常户星吴卢汉叶晔车津程张文杰中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司广东湛江524057 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院广西矿冶与环境科学研究中心广西桂林541004 环境保护部水专项管理办公室北京100029

采用基于陶瓷平板微滤膜所开发的cmbr工艺对高浓度含油废水进行了可行性处理实验研究。实验中,进水COD从300 mg/L逐步提升至7 500 mg/L,进水油类质量浓度从0 mg/L逐步提升至1 606.5 mg/L,COD有机负荷从0.1 g/(L·d)逐步升至2.03 g/(L·d... 详细信息

采用基于陶瓷平板微滤膜所开发的cmbr工艺对高浓度含油废水进行了可行性处理实验研究。实验中,进水COD从300 mg/L逐步提升至7 500 mg/L,进水油类质量浓度从0 mg/L逐步提升至1 606.5 mg/L,COD有机负荷从0.1 g/(L·d)逐步升至2.03 g/(L·d)。结果表明,控制COD有机负荷在1.5 g/(L·d)时,COD去除率97.4%,油类去除率99.8%,cmbr工艺运行稳定,出水完全能达到GB 8978-1996中一级排放标准所要求值。

关键词： cmbr 含油废水陶瓷平板膜

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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Constraints on a Modified Chaplygin Gas Model

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第7期22卷 1600-1603页

作者：刘道军李新洲 ShanghaiUnitedCenterforAstrophysics(SUCA) ShanghaiNormalUniversityShanghai200234

A modified Chaplygin gas model of unifying dark energy and dark matter with the exotic equation of state p=Bρ-A/ρα, which can also explain the recent expansion of the universe, is investigated by means of constraining the location of the peak of the cosmic microwave background radiation spectrum. We find that the result of cmbr measurements does not exclude the nonzero value of parameter B, but allows it in the range -0.35≤B≤0.025.

关键词： GCG MCG cmbr

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The Basics of Flat Space Cosmology

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第2期5卷 116-124页

作者： Eugene Terry Tatum U. V. S. Seshavatharam S. Lakshminarayana 760 Campbell Ln. Ste. 106 #161 Bowling Green USA Honorary Faculty I-SERVE Alakapuri Hyderabad-35 Telangana India Department of Nuclear Physics Andhra University Visakhapatnam India

We present a new model of cosmology which appears to show great promise. Our flat space cosmology model, using only four basic and reasonable assumptions, derives highly accurate Hubble parameter H0, Hubble radius R0 and total mass M0 values for our observable universe. Our model derives a current Hubble parameter of , in excellent agreement with the newly reported (lower limit) results of the 2015 Planck Survey. Remarkably, all of these derivations can be made with only these basic assumptions and the current CMB radiation temperature . The thermodynamic equations we have generated follow Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. We have also derived a variety of other useful cosmological formulae. These include angular velocity and other rotational formulae. A particularly useful hyperbolic equation, , has been derived, which appears to be an excellent fit for the Planck scale as well as the current observable universe scale. Using the flat space Minkowski relativistic formula for Doppler effect, and a formula for staging our cosmological model according to its average mass-energy density at every Hubble time (universal age) in its expansion, a persuasive argument can be made that the observable phenomena attributed to dark energy are actually manifestations of Doppler and gravitational redshift. Finally, a theory of cosmic inflation becomes completely unnecessary because our flat space cosmology model is always at critical density.

关键词： Flat Space Cosmology Cosmic Inflation Dark Energy Hubble Parameter Critical Density Angular Velocity Light Speed Expansion Light Speed Rotation Redshift Universe cmbr

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Imprints on CMB Angular Power Spectrum Modes from Cosmological Reionization

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第12期3卷 1918-1944页

作者： Tiziana Trombetti Carlo Burigana Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna Bologna Italy

The accurate understanding of the ionization history of the Universe plays a fundamental role in modern cosmology. It includes a phase of cosmological reionization after the standard recombination epoch, possibly associated to the early stages of structure and star formation. While the simple “τ-parametrization” of the reionization process and, in particular, of its imprints on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy likely represents a sufficiently accurate modelling for the interpretation of current CMB data, a great attention has been recently posed on the accurate computation of the reionization signatures in the CMB for a large variety of astrophysical scenarios and physical processes. The amplitude and shape of the B-mode Angular Power Spectrum (APS) depends, in particular, on the tensortoscalar ratio, r, related to the energy scale of inflation, and on the reionization history, thus an accurate modeling of the reionization process will have implications for the precise determination of r or to set more precise constraints on it through the joint analysis of E and B-mode polarization data available in the next future and from a mission of next generation. In this work we review some classes of astrophysical and phenomenological reionization histories, beyond the simpleτ-parametrization, a present a careful characterization of the imprints introduced in all the CMB APS modes. We have implemented a modified version of CAMB, the Cosmological Boltzmann code for computing the CMB anisotropy APS, to introduce the predicted hydrogen and helium ionization fractions. We compared the results obtained for these models for all the non-vanishing (in the assumed scenarios) modes of the CMB APS. Considering also the limitation from potential residuals of astrophysical foregrounds, we discussed the capability of next data to disentangle between different reionization scenarios in a wide range of tensor-to-scalar ratios.

关键词： Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation: cmbr Polarization Reionization Gravitational Waves cmbr Polarization

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Galaxies “Boiling off” Electrons Due to the Photo-Electric Effect Leading to a New Model of the IGM and a Possible Mechanism for “Dark Matter”

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2019年第1期5卷 181-192页

作者： Lyndon Ashmore Independent Researcher Southend UK

The Intergalactic Medium (IGM) is commonly thought to be occupied by approximately one atom of Hydrogen per cubic metre of space either as neutral Hydrogen or partially/fully ionised. This cannot be true as galaxies will “boil off” electrons from their outer surfaces by the photo-electric effect and so the IGM must be filled with electrons. UV and X-ray photons, as they leave the galaxy, can remove an electron from a Hydrogen atom at the surface of the galaxy, give it sufficient energy to escape the gravitational pull of the galaxy and go on to fill the IGM. A typical galaxy emits approximately 5×1047 X-ray photons each second. All of which pass through the outer surface of the galaxy and have sufficient energy to eject an electron and send it off to the IGM. Adding to these photons in the UV and gamma, we can see that galaxies are ejecting large amounts of electrons each second that go on to fill the IGM. Data from FRB 121102 give the value for the electron number density in the IGM as ne ≈ 0.5 m-3. Under certain conditions, an electron gas will crystallise into a Wigner-Seitz crystal. Here the electrical potential energy of repulsion between the electrons dominates their kinetic energy and the electrons form on a BCC lattice structure. The electrons oscillate, performing SHM about their lattice positions. With ne ≈ 0.5 m-3 the electrons in the IGM satisfy the energy criteria for crystallisation to occur when interacting with other electrons within a sphere far less in radius than the corresponding Debye sphere. Thus, the conditions are met for the electrons to form an “electron glass.” Since the electrons in their BCC formation are spatially coherent, light will travel through the crystals in a straight line and thus objections to “Tired Light” theories are now removed since images will neither be destroyed nor “blurred.” Charges are not created but separated, if the electrons are removed from the galaxy and sent to fill the IGM;the remaining protons are left behi

关键词： Intergalactic Medium IGM Galaxies Dark Matter Redshifts cmbr Tired Light Wigner Crystals

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Free Electrons Compton Scattering Can Produce an Illusion of Expanding Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第4期8卷 862-873页

作者： Guanfeng Cheng Hefei Jinlida Thermal Equipment Hefei China

The high-precision measurements of the Hubble parameter make the theory of cosmic expansion more and more confusing, which bolsters the idea that new physics may be needed to explain the mismatch. Astronomical observations show that the Universe is expanding exponentially. Free electron Compton scattering (FEC) can produce the illusion of exponentially expanding Universe: FEC causes photons to redshift exponentially, and the photon beam exponentially expands along the propagation direction. Is this a coincidence? The redshift factor of the FEC is z = (1+z);the beam length stretch factor (time dilation of the supernova curve) of the FEC is z = (1+z);the expansion factor of the beam volume of the FEC is z = (1+z)3, and the FEC effect does not blur the image of distant galaxies. The reason for rejecting the “tired light” does not hold in FEC.

关键词： Expanding Universe Hubble Parameter Free Electron Compton Scattering cmbr

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How a Realistic Linear <i>R<sub>h</sub>= ct </i>Model of Cosmology Could Present the Illusion of Late Cosmic Acceleration

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第7期9卷 1397-1403页

作者： Eugene Terry Tatum U. V. S. Seshavatharam 760 Campbell Ln. Ste. Bowling Green KY USA Honorary Faculty I-SERVE Hyderabad India

Realistic FLRW cosmic coasting models which contain matter now appear to be a reasonable alternative in explaining the accumulated Supernova Cosmology Project data since 1998. In sharp contrast to the unrealistic original classic Milne universe, which was entirely devoid of matter, these modified Milne-type models containing matter, often referred to as realistic linear Rh = ct models, have rapidly become the primary competition with standard cosmology. This paper compares the expected relative luminosity distances and relative angular diameter distances for given magnitudes of redshift within these two competing models. A simple ratio formula is derived, which explains how expected luminosity distances and angular diameter distances for given magnitudes of redshift within a realistic Milne-type cosmic expansion could create the illusion (for standard model proponents) of cosmic acceleration where none exists.

关键词： Dark Energy Survey Cosmology Theory Cosmic Coasting Cosmic Flatness Type Ia Supernovae cmbr Flat Space Cosmology Milne Universe Theories

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The Proof That There Are No Invariabilities of Lorentz Transformations in the Interaction Theories of Micro-Particle Physics

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第8期5卷 599-616页

作者： Xiaochun Mei Institute of Innovative Physics Fuzhou China

It is proved in this paper that there are at least five situations in the interaction theories of microparticle physics that the Lorentz transformations have no invariabilities. 1) In the formula to calculate transition probabilities in particle physics, the so-called invariability factor of phase space d3p/E is not invariable actually under the Lorentz transformations. Only in one-dimensional motion with uy = uz = 0, it is invariable. 2) The propagation function of spinor field in quantum theory of field has no invariability of Lorentz Transformation actually. What appears in the transformation is the sum of Lorentz factors aμνaλμ ≠ δνλ when ν, λ = 1, 4, rather than aμνaλμ = δνλ. But in the current calculation, we take aμνaλμ = δνλ. The confusion of subscript’s position leads to wrong result. 3) Though the motion equations of quantum fields and the interaction Hamiltonian are unchanged under the Lorentz transformation, the motion equation of perturbation which is used to calculate the transition probability in the interaction representation has no invariability. 4) The interactions between bound state’s particles have no Lorentz invariability. In fact, the principle of relativity has no approximation if it holds. 5) The calculation methods of high order perturbations normalization processes in quantum theory of fields violate the invariability of Lorentz transformation. The conclusions above are effective for strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions and so on. Therefore, the principle of relativity does not hold in the micro-particle’s interactions. On the other hand, the invariability principle of light’s speed is still effective. So the formulas of special relativity still hold, but we should consider them with absolute significances.

关键词： Principle of Relativity Lorentz Invariability Violation Quantum Theory of Filed Quantum Mechanics Phase Space Factor Propagation Function Normalization cmbr Cosmology

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Flat Space Cosmology as a Mathematical Model of Quantum Gravity or Quantum Cosmology

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第3期5卷 133-140页

作者： Eugene Terry Tatum U. V. S. Seshavatharam S. Lakshminarayana 760 Campbell Ln. Ste. 106 #161 Bowling Green KY USA Honorary Faculty I-SERVE Hyderabad India Department of Nuclear Physics Andhra University Visakhapatnam India

We review here the recent success in modeling our expanding universe according to the rules of flat space cosmology. Given only a few basic and reasonable assumptions and a single observational input, our model derives a variety of results which correlate with astronomical observations, including best estimates of the size, total mass, temperature, age and expansion rate of our observable universe. Considering the apparent success of our model, we attempt to explain why we think it works so well, including the fact that it incorporates elements of both general relativity and quantum mechanics. We offer this approach as a possible avenue towards understanding cosmology at the quantum level (“quantum gravity”).

关键词： Flat space Cosmology Hubble Parameter Hubble Radius cmbr Redshift Schwarzschild Formula Hawking Black Hole Temperature Formula Quantum Gravity

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