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Metabolomic changes in children with autism

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 171-197页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaBahrainManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive *** profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with *** To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD,integrating findings from various research articles,reviews,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,case reports,editorials,and a book *** A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases,including PubMed,PubMed Central,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,LISA,and NLM catalog up until January *** criteria encompassed research articles(83),review articles(145),meta-analyses(6),systematic reviews(6),case reports(2),editorials(2),and a book chapter(1)related to metabolomic changes in children with *** criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of included *** The systematic review identified specific metabolites and metabolic pathways showing consistent differences in children with ASD compared to typically developing *** metabolic biomarkers may serve as objective measures to support clinical assessments,improve diagnostic accuracy,and inform personalized treatment *** profiling also offers insights into the metabolic alterations associated with comorbid conditions commonly observed in individuals with *** Integration of metabolomic changes in children with ASD holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,guiding personalized treatment approaches,monitoring treatment response,and improving *** research is needed to validate findings,establish standardized protocols,and overcome technical challenges in metabolomic *** advancing our understanding of metabolic dysregulations in ASD,clinicians can improve the lives of affected individuals and their families.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Metabolic dysregulations Metabolomic changes children Mitochondrial dysfunction Oxidative stress Amino acids

Gut microbiota predicts the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in Saudi children

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Mohammad El Mouzan Ahmed Al Sarkhy Asaad Assiri Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology UnitKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory condition with a worldwide *** the etiology of this disease is still unknown,the understanding of the role of the microbiota is becoming increasingly *** To investigate the predictive power of the gut microbiota for the diagnosis of UC in a cohort of newly diagnosed treatment-naïve Saudi children with *** The study population included 20 children with a confirmed diagnosis of UC and 20 healthy *** DNA was extracted and sequenced,and shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed for bacteria and *** and bioinformatics demonstrated significant dysbiosis in the form of reduced alpha diversity,beta diversity,and significant difference of abundance of taxa between children with UC and control *** receiver operating characteristic curve,a probability curve,was used to determine the difference between the UC and control *** area under the curve(AUC)represents the degree of separability between the UC group and the control *** AUC was calculated for all identified bacterial species and for bacterial species identified by the random forest classification algorithm as important potential biomarkers of UC.A similar method of AUC calculation for all bacteriophages and important species was *** The median age and range were 14(0.5-21)and 12.9(6.8-16.3)years for children with UC and controls,respectively,and 40%and 35%were male for children with UC and controls,*** AUC for all identified bacterial species was 89.5%.However,when using the bacterial species identified as important by random forest classification algorithm analysis, the accuracy increased to 97.6%. Similarly, the AUC for all theidentified bacteriophages was 87.4%, but this value increased to 94.5% when the important bacteriophagebiomarkers were *** very high to excellent AUCs of fecal bacterial and viral species sugge

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Microbiota Area under the curve children Saudi Arabia

Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children:An overview of systematic reviews

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 131-139页

作者： Si Zhang Xuan Zhang Yuehua Cui Juan Huang Fei Fan Simeng Wang Fei Han Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100053China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence within systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)***:SRs of randomized controlled trials were searched using PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,and the SinoMed *** on the use of CHM alone or in combination with Western medications for MPP in children were *** study compared the effects of Western medicine alone with those of *** evidence quality using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR)2,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020,and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)*** primary indicators were the total effective rate,fever subsidence time,and cough disappearance *** secondary outcomes were pulmonary rale disappearance time,average hospitalization time,lung X-ray infiltrate disappearance time,immunological indices,and inflammatory cytokine ***:Twelve relevant SRs were included;75%(9/12)were assessed as very low quality,and 25%(3/12)Were rated as low quality using the AMSTAR 2 *** to the PRISMA 2020 checklist,the average SR score was 20.3 out of a 27 point *** all SRs,CHM demonstrated improvement in symptoms and signs among children with *** evidence quality using the GRADE criteria ranged from"very low"(>50%)to"moderate"(children,it was difficult to draw firm conclusions owing to methodological flaws.

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia children Overview Systematic review

Prediabetes in children and adolescents:A ticking bomb!

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 11-15页

作者： Anju Gupta Nitin Choudhary Nishkarsh Gupta Department of Anesthesiology Pain Medicine and Critical CareAll India Institute of Medical ScienceNew Delhi 110076India Department of Onco-Anesthesiology and Palliative Medicine All India Institute of Medical ScienceNew Delhi 110029India

Prediabetes in children and adolescents is on the rise which has drawn significant attention over the past *** is an early warning sign of the underlying pathophysiological changes which in due course of time might compound into type II diabetes *** incidence of prediabetes in adolescents ranges from 4%-23%which is alarmingly high and requires active intervention from the *** have discussed early identification of high-risk patients,prompt screening and active intervention to manage this growing problem.

关键词： Prediabetes children Adolescents Glucose metabolism Complications

The effects of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents:a meta-analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1513-1520页

作者： Xueyun Shao Longfei He Yangyang Liu Physical Education School Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience ShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a crucial neurotrophic factor that plays a significant role in brain health. Although the vast majority of meta-analyses have confirmed that exercise interventions can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents, the effects of specific types of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are still controversial. To address this issue, we used meta-analytic methods to quantitatively evaluate, analyze, and integrate relevant studies. Our goals were to formulate general conclusions regarding the use of exercise interventions, explore the physiological mechanisms by which exercise improves brain health and cognitive ability in children and adolescents, and provide a reliable foundation for follow-up research. We used the Pub Med, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Weipu, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to search for randomized controlled trials examining the influences of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. According to the inclusion criteria, we assessed randomized controlled trials in which the samples were mainly children and adolescents, and the outcome indicators were measured before and after the intervention. We excluded animal experiments, studies that lacked a control group, and those that did not report quantitative results. The mean difference(MD;before versus after intervention) was used to evaluate the effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in children and adolescents. Overall, 531 participants(60 children and 471 adolescents, 10.9–16.1 years) were included from 13 randomized controlled trials. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q statistic and I^(2) test provided by Review Manager software. The meta-analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity among the studies(P = 0.67,

关键词： adolescents brain-derived neurotrophic factor children exercise meta-analysis randomized controlled trials

children with Sickle Cell Disease in Northern Benin: Follow up of a Cohort at the Borgou/Alibori Branch of Integrated Medical Healthcare Center for Infants and Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease from 2017 to 2022

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 445-458页

作者： Falilatou Agbeille Mohamed Alphonse Noudamadjo Médétinmè Gérard Kpanidja Yémalin Zinsou François Anikè Akinola Kpedio Clarisse Marie Chantal Bossa Julien Didier Adédémy Joseph Agossou Teaching and Research Unit Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Integrated Healthcare Center for Infants and Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease (CPMI-NFED) Branch of Borgou/Alibori Parakou Benin

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. A national referral center for the management of infants and pregnant women with sickle cell disease (CPMI-NFED) was created three decades ago in Cotonou, in the south of Benin with two regional branches including that of Parakou in the North for better access of patients to specialized care. This work is a review of five years of activities in order to describe the epidemiological, clinical, hematological and evolutionary profiles of the children followed up in the said branch. Method: This was a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study on the medical records of children with sickle cell disease, followed up at the regional branch of CPMI-NFED in Borgou/Alibori from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2022. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary. Results: A total of 101 children with sickle cell disease were included in the study, including 78 homozygous SS (77.2%) and 23 heterozygous SC (22.8%). Their mean age at inclusion was 51.2 ± 37.6 months [6 - 204]. The sex ratio was 1.4. Vaso-occlusive crises were the main diagnostic circumstances in 42.3% of homozygotes. More than half of the children (51.5%) had a regular follow-up. The average baseline level of hemoglobin (Hb) in homozygous children was 8.8 ± 1.4 g/dl [5.8 - 11.5];and the rate of Hb S varied between 61.9 and 94.7%. In heterozygous SC children, the mean baseline level of Hb was 10.7 ± 0.6 g/dl [9.7 - 11.5]. Acute complications observed during follow-up were dominated by pneumonia and vaso-occlusive crises in both phenotypes. The overall mortality was 3% and only affected homozygous patients. Conclusion: On average, three out of four children were homozygous in our cohort. The main acute complications were infectious and vaso-occlusive. The mortality only affected homozygous carriers. Specialized follow-up has contributed to improving the quality of life of children with sickle cel

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease children CPMI-NFED Parakou Benin

Correlation between Wnt Signalling Inhibitors (Dickkopf-1 & Sclerostin) and the Intimal Medial Thickness in children on Maintenance Hemodialysis

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 397-412页

作者： Manal Abd El-Salam Mohamed Hamdi Ali Nadia Youssef Riad Rasha Abd El Samad Fawaz Shima Mohamed Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine (for Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Tbilisi State Medical University Tbilisi Georgia Department of Clinical Pathology National Heart Institute Cairo Egypt Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine (for Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt

Background: Wnt signalling inhibitors (Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin) signalling play a role in vascular development and may contribute to calcification. Aim: To investigate the association between Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin serum concentrations in children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with intimal medial thickness and peak systolic velocity of the main arteries. Patients and Methods: A study was conducted on 40 children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and controls of the same age and sex. The study measured the initial medial thickness (IMT) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the main vessels (carotid, ulnar, and femoral). Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin serum levels in both groups were assessed, and a routine investigation was performed. Results: The findings indicate that the levels of serum Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin were significantly higher in the hemodialysis group 2540.65 (2215.4 - 2909.2 pg/ml) and 1.17 (0.85 - 2.03 ng/ml)respectively (P = 0.001), compared to their control group it was 1110.45 (885.45 - 1527.65 pg/ml) and 0.28 (0.25 - 0.32 ng/ml)) respectively P = 0.001. Additionally, there was a significant increase in intima-media thickness (IMT) with a decrease in peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the main blood vessels, including the carotid, ulnar, and femoral arteries. A significant correlation was also observed between Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin levels and IMT of the carotid, ulnar, and femoral arteries. Conclusion: Wnt signalling inhibitors (Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin) exert effects beyond the bone and significantly contribute to early vascular calcification in pediatric patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

关键词： Wnt Signalling Vascular Calcification Hemodialysis children

Anti-contact protein-associated protein 2 antibody encephalitis in children:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第20期12卷 4365-4371页

作者： Hong-Yun Chen Juan Wang Dan-Yang Song Bin Wang Zhi-Yun Xu Qian Wu Zhi-Liang Wang Department of Paediatrics Cangzhou Fourth Hospital(Nanpi County People’s Hospital)Cangzhou 061500Hebei ProvinceChina Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061000Hebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Cangzhou Fourth Hospital(Nanpi County People’s Hospital)Cangzhou 061500Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2(CASPR2)antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium *** leads to neurological symptoms,such as seizures,cognitive decline,and neuropathic pain,primarily affecting the limbic *** prognosis of this disorder varies among *** SUMMARY The patient,a girl aged nine years and nine months,underwent treatment for 14 to 21 *** main clinical manifestations were vomiting and unclear consciousness,positive pathological signs,normal cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,and abnormal *** child was discharged after receiving immunoglobulin and hormone *** follow-up over a period of 15 months after discharge,conducted through telephone and outpatient visits,showed no recurrence of *** Anti-CASPR2 antibody autoimmune encephalitis in children is rare,mainly manifested as convulsions,mental abnormalities,cognitive impairment,and neuropathic pain,among *** evaluation for autoimmune encephalitis antibodies is crucial,especially in cases of recurrent central nervous system involvement in children.

关键词： Autoimmune encephalitis children Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 Case report

Emergency Care for children and Adolescents after Sexual Violence, in Brazil’s Capital, Brasilia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 397-403页

作者： Evaldo Lima Da Costa Karla Simônia de Pádua Aníbal Faúndes Rui Nunes Bioethics at the School of Medicine University of Porto/Federal Council of Medicine Porto Portugal Center for Research in Women’ s Reproductive Health (CEMICAMP) Center for Integral Attention to Women (CAISM) State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Center for Research in Women’ s Reproductive Health (CEMICAMP) State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil. The Centre of Bioethics Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Objective: Sexual violence affects women of all ages but, more commonly, children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify the extent to which services are being provided at the hospitals responsible for the emergency care of children and adolescents who have suffered sexual violence and to determine whether there is any difference in the provision of such services as a function of the victim’s age. Method: This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the care received by female children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence in a capital city, comparing the treatment given to girls under 15 with that given to adolescents of 15 to 19 years of age. The data were extracted from the State Department of Health database between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2016. Results: children under 15 were much less likely to receive prophylaxis against HIV, sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis B, with the number of adolescent girls treated adequately corresponding to between twice and almost three times the number of children treated prophylactically. Only 10% of girls under 15 received emergency contraception. Conclusion: The lack of standard care established by the Ministry of Health highlights the need for urgent debates both locally and probably throughout the country, as the situation may be similar in other regions of the country.

关键词： Aggressors children Sexual Violence Teenagers