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charged particles:Unique tools to study irradiation resistance of concentrated solid solution alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第9期140卷 260-276页

作者： Yanwen Zhang Lumin Wang William J.Weber Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA

Many multicomponent concentrated solid solution alloys(CSAs),including high-entropy alloys(HEAs),exhibit improved radiation resistance and enhanced structural stability in harsh *** study and assess irradiation resistance of nuclear materials,energetic ion and electron beams are commonly used to create displacement ***,charged particles of ions,electrons,and positrons are unique tools to create and characterize radiation *** beam analysis(e.g.,Rutherford backscattering spectrometry,nuclear reaction analysis,and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis),electron microscopy techniques(e.g.,transmission or scanning electron microscopy,and electron diffraction),and positron annihilation spectroscopy have been applied to characterize irradiated CSAs or HEAs to understand defect formation and evolution together with chemical and microstructural *** distinctive analyzing power and some perspectives in these techniques are *** developing structural alloys desirable for applications in advanced reactors,neutron exposure is a critical test but the limitation in achievable high damage levels is,however,a *** irradiation is often used as a surrogate for neutron irradiation,and the associated reduced transmutations and higher displacements per atom(dpa)rates are desirable for materials ***,cautions need to be taken when relying on ion irradiation results for reactor *** on differences between ions and neutrons is briefly *** addition,the links to bridge the current advances on fundamental understandings to reactor applications are discussed to lay the groundwork between neutrons and ions for radiation effects studies.

关键词： chemical disorder high-entropy alloys chemically complex alloys charged particles radiation resistance displacement damage electronic energy loss and ionization transmutation

Pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged particles in asymmetric collisions using Tsallis thermodynamics

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第11期34卷 120-127页

作者： Jun‑Qi Tao Hong‑Bin He Hua Zheng Wen‑Chao Zhang Xing‑Quan Liu Li‑Lin Zhu Aldo Bonasera Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Physics and Information Technology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Department of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud INFN95123 CataniaItaly

The pseudo-rapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in the asymmetric collision systems p+Al,p+Au and ^(3)He+Au at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV are evaluated in the framework of a fireball model with Tsallis *** fireball model assumes that the experimentally measured particles are produced by fireballs following the Tsallis distribution and it can effectively describe the experimental *** results as well as previous results for d+Au collisions at√S_(NN)=200 GeV GeV and p+Pb collisions at√S_(NN)=5.02 TeV TeV validate that the fireball model based on Tsallis thermodynamics can provide a universal framework for pseudo-rapidity distribution of the charged particles produced in asymmetric collision *** predict the centrality dependence of the total charged particle multiplicity in the p+Al,p+Au and 3He+Au ***,the dependences of the fireball model parameters(y_(0a),y_(0A),σ_(a) and σ_(A))on the centrality and system size are studied.

关键词： Tsallis thermodynamics Fireball model Pseudo-rapidity distribution Heavy-ion collisions charged particles

The Hydrodynamic Description for the Pseudorapidity Distributions of the charged particles Produced in Pb-Pb Collisions at LHC Energy

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第2期31卷 30-33页

作者：张海利姜志进姜冠祥 College of Science University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 Institute of Yanke Science and Instrument Shanghai 200444

The chayged particles produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions are classified into two parts. One is from the hot and dense matter created in collisions with the evolution dominated by revised Landau hydrodynamics, and the other is from leading particles. The rapidity distributions of these two parts of the particles are presented, which are then compared with the experimental measurements carried out by a CERN-LHC-ALICE collaboration in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 2.76 TeV. The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： charged particles

The Role of the Dipole Interaction of Molecules with charged particles in the Polar Stratosphere

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2016年第3期6卷 115-149页

作者： Yury Belikov Sergey Nikolayshvili Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics 9 Rostokinskaya Str. Moscow 129128 Russia

Our analysis of published results of experiments in the Polar Regions substantiates and further develops our new approach to the photochemical processes in the polar stratosphere involving the charged particles. The dipole interaction of molecules with charged particles, primarily with ions, leads to the adhesion and disintegration of a number of molecules including ozone. Molecules acquire additional energy on the surface of the charged particles, enabling reactions that are not possible in space. Galactic cosmic rays are the main source of ions in the polar stratosphere, their equilibrium concentration at altitudes of 15 to 25 km can reach up ~ （1-5） ~ 103 ions/cm3. Estimations show that if the ozone destruction in the regime of＂collision＂ with ions then the lifetime of ozone will vary from 10 days to 2 months. We suppose that alongside with the chlorine mechanism of ozone destruction there is a mechanism of ozone decay on a charged particle which can act also at those latitudes and altitudes where chlorine oxide CIO is absent, as well as in the night conditions. Here, we demonstrated the close connection of photochemical processes with the dynamic, electrical and condensational phenomena in the stratosphere, in particular, with the accumulation of unipolar charged particles on the upper and lower boundaries of the polar stratospheric clouds and aerosol layers as a result of the activity of the global electric circuit.

关键词： Polar stratosphere ozone charged particles dipole interaction global electric circuit photochemistry.

The Possible Relationship between the Atmospheric Electric Field and High Energy charged particles and the COVID-19 Cases in the Central Arabian Peninsula

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第4期11卷 395-404页

作者： Maghrabi Abdullrahman National Centre for Applied Physics King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: Since the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been carried out to investigate its spread, with a wide range of factors to understand the influence of the factors that contribute to its spread and to reduce the ongoing threat of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this study, the relationships between the Earth’s electric field and cosmic ray charged particles of different energy ranges and the daily confirmed COVID-19 infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia have been investigated using non-parametric statistical tests. The data covered the period between 3 April 2020 and 1st August 2021 and were obtained from the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) CARPET detector, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The electric fields data were obtained from electric field monitor (EFM) deployed on the rooftop of the KACST laboratory. The data of the daily COVID-19 cases were obtained from the official webpage of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH). Results: The results revealed that that the number of COVID-19 cases is correlated with cosmic ray charged particles and anti-correlated with the Earth’s electric field. Conclusion: While the exact mechanism explaining the influence of Earth’s electric field and cosmic rays variations on the reported number of COVID-19 cases is not yet established, the results presented in this study can add additional knowledge to our understanding of the effects of additional factors on influenza activities.

关键词： Infectious Diseases Electric Field charged particles COVID-19

Gravitational Space-Time Curve Generation via Accelerated charged particles

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第9期7卷 863-874页

作者： Edward A. Walker Mathematics Department Florida Memorial University Miami Gardens USA

A force with an acceleration that is equal to multiples greater than the speed of light per unit time is exerted on a cloud of charged particles. The particles are resultantly accelerated to within an infinitesimal fraction of the speed of light. As the force or acceleration increases, the particles’ velocity asymptotically approaches but never achieves the speed of light obeying relativity. The asymptotic increase in the particles’ velocity toward the speed of light as acceleration increasingly surpasses the speed of light per unit time does not compensate for the momentum value produced on the particles at sub-light velocities. Hence, the particles’ inertial mass value must increase as acceleration increases. This increase in the particles’ inertial mass as the particles are accelerated produce a gravitational field which is believed to occur in the oscillation of quarks achieving velocities close to the speed of light. The increased inertial mass of the density of accelerated charged particles becomes the source mass (or Big “M”) in Newton’s equation for gravitational force. This implies that a space-time curve is generated by the accelerated particles. Thus, it is shown that the acceleration number (or multiple of the speed of light greater than 1 per unit of time) and the number of charged particles in the cloud density are surjectively mapped to points on a differential manifold or space-time curved surface. Two aspects of Einstein’s field equations are used to describe the correspondence between the gravitational field produced by the accelerated particles and the resultant space-time curve. The two aspects are the Schwarzchild metric and the stress energy tensor. Lastly, the possibility of producing a sufficient acceleration or electromagnetic force on the charged particles to produce a gravitational field is shown through the Lorentz force equation. Moreover, it is shown that a sufficient voltage can be generated to produce an acceleration/force on the part

关键词： charged particles Accelerated particles Inertial Mass Gravitational Force Einstein’s Field Equations Space-Time Manifold Schwardchild Metric Stress Energy Tensor Surjective Mapping Lorentz Force

Temporal evolution of charged and neutral nanoparticle concentrations during atmospheric new particle formation events and its implications for ion-induced nucleation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 143-151页

作者： E. Rohan Jayaratne Buddhi Pushpawela Lidia Morawska International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

Time series of nanoparticle number concentration during new particle formation （NPF） events in the urban environment of Brisbane, Australia, showed that the formation of charged particles often occurred before that of neutral particles. We monitored 241 days during the calendar year 2012 over which NPF events were observed on 108 days. We studied the times at which the charged and neutral particle concentrations in the size range 1.8-3.2 nm reached their peak values and found that they were clearly different in 50 events with the peak neutral particle concentration lagging behind the charged particle concentration during 42 of these events with a mean time lag of 245-12 rain. While the charged particles were more likely to form before the neutral particles, once lbrmed, the growth rate of the particles did not depend on their charge. While ion-induced nucleation is not the dominant mechanism of NPF in the atmosphere, our observations suggest that the presence of ions in the atmosphere plays a role that cannot be ignored.

关键词： charged particles Cluster ions Secondary particles Environmental pollution

Vacuum Fluctuations and Motion of a charged Test Particle in a Cylindrical Spacetime

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Chinese Physics Letters 2004年第12期21卷 2362-2364页

作者：陈骏余洪伟 DepartmentofPhysicsandInstituteofPhysics HunanNormalUniversityChangsha410081

The effects of quantum electromagnetic fluctuations upon the motion of a test charged particle are examined in a cylindrical spacetime in which one spatial is compactified. The mean squared fluctuations in the velocity and position of the test particle are calculated. It is found that the random motion of the test particle will be anisotropic. The possible consequences for theories with extra compactified spatial dimensions are discussed.

关键词： charged particles

Chaotic Motion of a charged Particle around a Weakly Magnetized Schwarzschild Black Hole Containing Cosmic String

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第6期31卷 16-19页

作者：黄启洪陈菊华王永久 College of Physics and Information Science Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081

We discuss the conditions where a charged particle that was originally revolving around a weakly magnetized black hole containing cosmic string in the innermost stable circular orbit will escape to infinity after it is kicked by another particle or photon. We find that the motion of the kicked particle is chaotic. The critical escape energy and velocity of the kicked charged particle with different initial radial velocities are obtained.

关键词： charged particles