Purpose: Male infertility is a major issue of human reproduction ***-teratospermia can impair sperm motility and cause male infertility. Male individuals with multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella(MMAF)...
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Purpose: Male infertility is a major issue of human reproduction ***-teratospermia can impair sperm motility and cause male infertility. Male individuals with multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella(MMAF)present abnormal spermatozoa with absent, bent, coiled, short and/or irregular-caliber flagella. Previous studies on MMAF reported that genetic defects in cilia-related genes(e.g. DNAH1 and CCDC39) are the major cause of MMAF. However, the known MMAF-associated genes are only responsible for approximately half of human cases. Pathogenic mechanisms still remain to be elucidated in ***: We conducted whole-exome sequencing in a male individual with MMAF from a consanguineous Han Chinese family. Sanger sequencing was also conducted in additional individuals with MMAF. Furthermore, we generated the knockout model using the CRISPR-Cas9 ***: Intriguingly, a homozygous frameshift mutation(***357 Hisfs*11) was identified in the gene encoding cfap69(cilia and flagella associated protein 69),which is highly expressed in testis. The subsequent Sanger sequencing of the cfap69 coding regions among 34 additional individuals with MMAF revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation(***216*) of cfap69. Both of these cfap69 loss-of-function mutations were not present in the human population genome data archived in the 1000 Genomes Project and ExAC databases, nor in 875 individuals of two Han Chinese control populations. Furthermore, we generated the knockout model in mouse ortholog cfap69. Remarkably, male cfap69-knockout mice manifested with MMAF ***: Our experimental findings elucidate that homozygous loss-of-function mutations in cfap69 can lead to male infertility with MMAF in humans and mice.
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