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Unraveling the Acidithiobacillus caldus complete genome and its central metabolisms for carbon assimilation

Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第6期38卷 243-252页

作者： Xiao-Yan You Xu Guo Hua-Jun Zheng Ming-Jiang Zhang Li-Jun Liu Yong-Qiang Zhu Baoli Zhu Sheng-YueWang Guo-Ping Zhao Ansgar Poetsch Cheng-Ying Jiang Shuang-Jiang Liu State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resource Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Shanghai MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics Chinese National Human Genome Center Shanghai 201203 China Microbial Genome Research Center Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Institute for Plant Biochemistry Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum Bochum D44780 Germany Environmental Microbiology Research Center Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Acidithiobacillus caldus is one of the dominant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in bioleaching reactors. It plays the essential role in maintaining the high acidity and oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds during bioleaching process. In this report, the complete genome sequence of A. caldus SM-1 is presented. The genome is composed of one chromosome （2,932,225 bp） and four plasmids （pLAtcl, pLAtc2, pLAtc3, pLAtcm） and it is rich in repetitive sequences （accounting for 11% of the total genome）, which are often associated with transposable genetic elements. In particular, twelve copies of ISAtfe and thirty-seven copies of ISAtcl have been identified, suggesting that they are active transposons in the genome. A. caldus SM-1 encodes all enzymes for the central metabolism and the assimilation of carbon compounds, among which 29 proteins/enzymes were identifiable with proteomic tools. The SM-1 fixes CO2 via the classical Calvin-Bassham--Benson （cbb） cycle, and can operate complete Embden-Meyerhof pathway （emp）, pentose phosphate pathway （ppp）, and gluconeogenesis. It has an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle （tca）. Four putative transporters involved in carbohydrate uptake were identified. Taken together, the results suggested that SM-1 was able to assimilate carbohydrates and this was subsequently confirmed experimentally because addition of 1% glucose or sucrose in basic salt medium significantly increased the growth of SM-1. It was concluded that the complete genome of SM-1 provided fundamental data for further investigation of its physiology and genetics, in addition to the carbon metabolism revealed in this study.

关键词： Acidithiobacillus caldus SM-1 Biomining CO2 fixation Central metabolism cbb/emp/ppp/tca cycle

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