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Quantitatively unmixing method for complex mixed oil based on its fractions carbon isotopes: A case from the Tarim Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 102-113页

作者： Tao-Hua He Wen-Hao Li Shuang-Fang Lu Er-Qiang Yang Tao-Tao Jing Jun-Feng Ying Peng-Fei Zhu Xiu-Zhe Wang Wen-Qing Pan Bao-Shou Zhang Zhong-Hong Chen Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technology Yangtze UniversityWuhanHubei 430100China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanyaHainan 572025China Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKorlaXinjiang841000China Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China

Deep mixed oils with secondary alterations have been widely discovered in the Tarim Basin,but current methods based on biomarkers and isotopes to de-convolute mixed oil cannot calculate the exact mixing proportion of different end-member oils,which has seriously hindered further exploration of deep hydrocarbons in the study area.To solve this problem,we constructed a novel method based on the carbon isotope(δ13C)of the group components to de-convolute mixed liquid hydrocarbons under the material balance principle.The results showed that the mixed oil in the Tazhong Uplift was dominantly contributed at an average proportion of 68% by an oil end-member with heavier d13C that was believed to be generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks,whereas the mixed oil in the Tabei Uplift was predominantly contributed at an average proportion of 61% by an oil end-member with lighter d13C that was believed to be generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks.This indicates that,on the basis of the detailed description of the distribution of effective source rocks,the proposed method will be helpful in realizing differential exploration and further improving the efficiency of deep liquid hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin.In addition,compared to traditional δ13C methods for whole oil and individual n-alkanes in de-convoluted mixed oil,the proposed method has a wider range of applications,including for mixed oils with variations in color and density,indicating potential for promoting the exploration of deep complex mixed oils in the Tarim Basin and even around the world.

关键词： Mixed crude oil carbon isotopes End-member oil De-convolution Secondary alteration Tarim Basin

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The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin(Ghana):Organic source input,depositional environment,and thermal maturity

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 424-440页

作者： Kojo Amoako Ningning Zhong Nancy Pearl Osei-Boakye Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)School of Mathematics and ScienceCarl von Ossietzky UniversitäOldenburgAmmerläder HeerstraВ114-11826129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Saltpond Basin,situated within the South Atlantic margin of Ghana,is a significant area for petro-leum exploration but has received relatively limited research attention.Previous studies have examined source rock com-position,but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lack-ing,hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and evolution.To address this gap,we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to eluci-date organic matter source,depositional environment,and thermal maturity.Findings were compared with oils from the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin,namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin,to iden-tify potential correlations and gain insights into regional variations.Molecular and isotopic results unveiled a sig-nificant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine organisms.Patterns of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment,contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such settings.Moreover,the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic mat-ter origins underscores the complex nature of organic mat-ter dynamics in transitional marine environments.Analysis of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity stage.Correlation analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin,primarily due to variations in source input and depo-sitional environment conditions.Saltpond oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils,which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude oils.Additionally,its paleodepositional environment nota-bly differs from oils in the Tano B

关键词： Biomarkers carbon isotopes Crude oil Saltpond Basin Ghana

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carbon isotopes and lignin phenols for tracing the floods during the past 70 years in the middle reach of the Changjiang River

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第4期39卷 33-41页

作者： Zhongqiao Li Ying Wu Liyang Yang Jinzhou Du Bing Deng Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 210012China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China College of Environment and Resources Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

The Lake Tian E Zhou(TEZ,an oxbow lake)was formed during the rerouting of the Changjiang River in 1972,with strong influences from the main river channel and flood events.Herein,a sediment core was collected from the Lake TEZ for the measurements of carbon isotopes and biomarkers,including stable carbon isotopes(δ13C),radiocarbon composition(?14C),and lignin phenols,as well as lead-210 to reconstruct recent heavy flood events over the past 70 years.At the 24–26 cm interval,the sediment contained the highest OC%,TN%,and lignin phenols content,as well as significantly depleted 13C but enriched 14C,corresponding to the extreme flood event in 1998.In addition,statistics from t-test showed that lignin phenols normalized to OC(Λ8),the concentration of 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid(3,5-BD),and the ratio of p-hydroxy benzophenone to total hydroxyl phenols(PHB/HP)were all significantly different between the layers containing flood deposits and the layers deposited under normal non-flood conditions(p<0.05).These results indicate that the later three parameters are highly related to flood events and can be used as compelling proxies,along with sediment chronology,for hydrological changes and storm/flood events in the river basin and coastal marine environments.

关键词： flood record carbon isotopes lignin phenols Changjiang River Lake Tian E Zhou

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carbon isotopes of graphite:Implications on fluid history

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第2期3卷 197-207页

作者： F.J.Luque E.Crespo-Feo J.F.Barrenechea L.Ortega Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía Facultad de Geología Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 MadridSpain Instituto de Geociencias(UCM-CSIC) Jos Antonio Novais 228040 MadridSpain Departamento de Cristalografia y Mineralogia Facultad de Geología Universidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía Facultad de Geología Universidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain

Stable carbon isotope geochemistry provides important information for the recognition of funda- mental isotope exchange processes related to the movement of carbon in the lithosphere and permits the elab- oration of models for the global carbon cycle. carbon isotope ratios in fluid-deposited graphite are powerful tools for unravelling the ultimate origin of carbon （organic matter, mantle, or carbonates） and help to constrain the fluid history and the mechanisms involved in graphite deposition. Graphite precipitation in fluid-deposited occurrences results from C02- and/or CH4-bearing aqueous fluids. Fluid flow can be considered as both a closed （without replenishment of the fluid） or an open system （with renewal of the fluid by successive fluid batches）. In closed systems, carbon isotope systematics in graphite is mainly governed by Rayleigh precipi- tation and/or by changes in temperature affecting the fractionation factor between fluid and graphite. Such processes result in zoned graphite crystals or in successive graphite generations showing, in both cases, isotopic variation towards progressive 13C or 12C enrichment （depending upon the dominant carbon phase in the fluid, C02 or CH4, respectively）. In open systems, in which carbon is episodically introduced along the fracture systems, the carbon systematics is more complex and individual graphite crystals may display oscillatory zoning because of Rayleigh precipitation or heterogeneous variations of 613C values when mixing of fluids or changes in the composition of the fluids are the mechanisms responsible for graphite precipitation.

关键词： Graphite carbon isotopes Crust C-O-H fluids

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A preliminary study on benthos food web structure oftidal zone in the Laoshan Bay by using stable carbon isotopes

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2000年第4期19卷 81-89页

作者： Cai Deling Hong Xuguang Mao Xinghua Zhang Shufang Gao Sulan First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

By anayses of carbon isotopic composition (δ13C values) of the benthos collected in the Laoshan Bay in August 1993 and February and May 1994, it is found that the main food sources of the benthos can be divided into four groups in terms of carbon isotope composition: Particulate Organic Matter (POM), benthic diatoms, benthic macroalgae and the organic matter in sediments. The results show that the carbon isotopic composition of the benthic animals has a close relation with that of the food they take in. The carbon isotopic compositions of benthos may be useful in elucidating their food sources. The carbon isotopic data have confirmed that POM is the main food source of the benthic filter feeders such as bivalves; crustaceans have a wide range of δ13C values, showing their food source has diversity; benthic diatoms are an important fraction of the food for most of gastropods. A preliminary investigation of the benthic-pelagic coupling in that region using the stable carban isotopic tracers has confirmed the importance of POM as a food source for benthos in this region, but the organic matter in sediments and benthic diatoms are also relatively important for a lot of benthic animals. The benthic-pelagic coupling in the Laoshan Bay temperate ecosystem is not so tight as that in ecosystems at higher latitudes such as northeastern water polynya.

关键词： carbon isotopes food web benthos trophic level

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carbon isotopes,sulfur isotopes,and trace elements of the dolomites from the Dengying Formation in Zhenba area,southern Shaanxi:Implications for shallow water redox conditions during the terminal Ediacaran

Carbon isotopes,sulfur isotopes,and trace elements of the do...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）...

作者： CHEN Ya Li CHU Xue Lei ZHANG Xing Liang ZHAI Ming Guo State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for the Continental Dynamics Northwest University

carbon isotope,sulfur isotope,and trace element(including Rare Earth Elements,REE)analyses were conducted on the carbonates of the Dengying Formation at Lianghekou section in southern Shaanxi to reconstruct the terminal Ediacaran shallow-water environment on the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform.At Lianghekou section,samples in the middle50-m of the Beiwan Member show characteristics of low∑REE concentrations,no MREE-enriched REE distribution patterns,high Ce/Cevalues close to 1,and enriched redox-sensitive elements,whereas samples in the lower 30-m and upper 10-m show opposite characteristics of high SREE concentrations,MREE-enriched REE distribution patterns,low Ce/Cevalues around 0.6,and no redox-sensitive elements enriched,indicating that oxygenation did occur in the shallow water on the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform and redox conditions of the shallow water fluctuated from relatively oxygenated to anoxic and then back to oxygenated again.We propose that the anoxia appeared in middle of the Beiwan time may associate with the anoxic upwelled water.On one hand,abundant nutrients were brought in by this upwelling event,which stimulated the photosynthetic carbon fixation and increased the organic carbon burial under this anoxic condition,causing a peak of 3.6‰inδC.On the other hand,because the anoxic upwelled water replaced the oxic shallow water,together with the increasing organic matter in the water column,bacterial sulfate reduction was enhanced and therefore quickly reduced the sulfate concentration,which eventually causedδS increasing to 50‰.However,as the upwelling gradually disappeared,δC andδSvalues decreased as well in the late Beiwan time,indicating the shallow water went back to suboxic or oxic again.

关键词： Yangtze Platform southern Shaanxi Ediacaran trace elements carbon isotopes sulfur isotopes

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Application of sulfur and carbon isotopes to oil-source rock correlation:A case study from the Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,China

Application of sulfur and carbon isotopes to oil-source rock...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）...

作者： Chunfang Cai Chunming Zhang Richard H.Worden Tiankai Wang Hongxia Li Lei Jiang Shaoying Huang Baoshou Zhang Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources of Ministry of Education Yangtze University Liverpool University Department of Earth and Ocean SciencesLiverpool University Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChina

Up until now,it has been assumed that oil in the Palaeozoic reservoirs of the Tazhong Uplift was derived from Upper Ordovician source rocks.Oils recently produced from the Middle and Lower Cambrian in wells ZS1 and ZS5 provide clues concerning the source rocks of the oils in the Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin,China.For this study,molecular composition,bulk and individual n-alkane δC and individual alkyl-dibenzothiophene δS values were determined for the potential source rocks and for oils from Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs to determine the sources of the oils and to address whether δC and δS values can be used effectively for oil-source rock correlation purposes.The ZS1 and ZS5 Cambrian oils,and six other oils from Ordovician reservoirs,were not significantly altered by TSR.The ZS1 oils and most of the other oils,have a "V" shape in the distribution of C-C steranes,bulk and individual n-alkane δC values predominantly between-31‰ to-35‰ VPDB,and bulk and individual alkyldibenzothiophene δS values between 15‰ to 23‰ VCDT.These characteristics are similar to those for some Cambrian source rocks with kerogen δC values between-34.1‰ and-35.3‰ and δS values between 10.4‰ and 21.6‰.The oil produced from the Lower Ordovician in well YM2 has similar features to the ZS1 Cambrian oils.These new lines of evidence indicate that most of the oils in the Tazhong Uplift,contrary to previous interpretations,were probably derived from the Cambrian source rocks,and not from the Upper Ordovician.Conversely,the δC and δS values of ZSIC Cambrian oils have been shown to shift to more positive values due to thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).Thus,δC and δS values can be used as effective tools to demonstrate oil-source rock correlation,but only because there has been little or no TSR in this part of the section.

关键词： Sulfur isotopes Individual sulfur compounds carbon isotopes Biomarker Oil-rock correlation Tarim Basin

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carbon isotopic compositions of mono-, di-, tri-aromatics provide insights into the source of sulfur-rich crude oils in the Huanghekou Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 753-768页

作者： Cong-Kai Niu Du-Jie Hou Xiong Cheng Xu Han School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China

The stable carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) of individual aromatic hydrocarbons have been analyzed in sulfur-rich and sulfur-lean crude oils from the Huanghekou Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. The δ13C values of individual aromatic hydrocarbons, including alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, alkylphenanthrenes, alkylfluorenes and alkyldibenzothiophenes, are reported. The main aims are to find out the origin of these oils and their relationship to paleoclimate. The distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons and maturity parameters show the oils all stay in the low-mature to mature stage. Meanwhile, aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly derived from the diagenetic/catagenetic origin. The δ13C values for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (−30.7‰ to −28.8‰) and 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene (−32.4‰ to −26.3‰) indicate the algae-derived organic matter for alkylbenzenes. Some isomers, such as 1,7-+1,3-+1,6-dimethylnaphthalene, 1,2,5-trimethylnaphthalene, 1,2,5,6-+1,2,3,5-tetramethylnaphthalene, 1,10-+1,3-+3,10-+3,9-dimethylphenanthrenes, 1,6-+2,9-+2,5-dimethylphenanthrenes and 4,9-+4,10-+1,9- dimethylphenanthrenes show isotopic depletion (−34.9‰ to −25.2‰), indicating the major contribution of algae for these compounds. Meanwhile, isotopically depleted (−33.6‰ to −26.7‰) alkyldibenzothiophenes represent the algae input. δ13C values for mainly algae-derived naphthalene to trimethylnaphthalenes of sulfur-rich oils are more enriched than those of sulfur-lean oil, with the most significant difference of 4.4‰, indicating that the aridity of the environment and stratified water column result in the enrichment in 13C.

关键词： carbon isotopes Aromatic hydrocarbons Sulfur-rich oils Huanghekou depression Bohai bay basin

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Distribution and isotopic signature of 2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzenes in the Lower Paleozoic source rocks and oils of Tarim Basin:Implications for the oil-source correlation

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Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 2572-2582页

作者： Tao-Hua He Wen-Hao Li Shuang-Fang Lu Er-Qiang Yang Tao-Tao Jing Jun-Feng Ying Peng-Fei Zhu Xiu-Zhe Wang Wen-Qing Pan Zhong-Hong Chen Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technology Yangtze UniversityWuhanHubei430100China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanyaHainan 572025China Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetro ChinaKorlaXinjiang841000China

Series of 2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzenes(ATMBs)were detected in most of crude oils and source rocks collected from various strata and locations of the Tarim Basin.They appeared to have heavy carbon isotopic signatures(δ13C,up to~-16‰)compared to those hydrocarbons from oxygenic phototrophic organisms,indicating that the unequivocal source of green sulfur bacteria(GSB)and photic zone euxinia(PZE)existed in the original environment.Considering the high paleoproductivity,the PZE may have enhanced the preservation of organic matter,which triggered the formation of extremely organic-rich source rocks with TOC up to 29.8%for the Lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation(€1y).The coexistence of ATMBs and the diagnostic products from secondary alterations(e.g.,abundant 25-norhopanes,thiadiamondoids,and diamondoids)indicated a stronger ability of anti-second-alterations.Combined with the results of quantitatively de-convoluting mixed oil,the oil-source correlation based on ATMBs from a large number of Lower Paleozoic samples of the Tarim Basin suggested that the abundant deep crude oil resources co ntained a dominant contribution(>50%)from the€1y source rocks.Therefore,the ATMBs,as diagnostic biomarkers indicating unequivocal precursors under special habitat conditions,might provide important insights for the exploration of deep Lower Paleozoic crude oils in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： 2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzenes carbon isotopes Deep lower paleozoic crude oils Thiadiamondoid Oil-source correlation Tarim Basin

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Physiological traits contributed to the recent increase in yield potential of winter wheat from Henan Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 492-504页

作者： Bangwei Zhou álvaro Sanz-Sáez Abdelhalim Elazab Tianmin Shen Rut Sánchez-Bragado Jordi Bort Maria Dolors Serret José Luis Araus Unit of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Henan Tianmin Seed Company Lankao County Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

This experiment aims to test the traits responsible for the increase in yield potential of winter wheat released in Henan Province, China. Seven established cultivars released in the last 20 years and three advanced lines were assayed. The results showed that grain yield was positively correlated with harvest index（HI）, kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. In addition, the HI and aboveground biomass showed an increasing trend with the year of release.Therefore, we can conclude that bread wheat breeding advances during recent decades in Henan Province, China,have been achieved through an increase in HI, kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. A higher d13C seems also to be involved in these advances, which suggests a progressive improvement in constitutive water use efficiency not associated with a trend towards lower stomatal conductance in the most recent genotypes. However, genetic advance Researchdoes not appear related to changes in photosynthesis rates on area basis when measured in the flag leaf or the spike,but only to a higher, whole‐spike photosynthesis. Results also indirectly support the concept that under potential yield conditions, the spike contributed more than the flag leaf to kernel formation.

关键词： carbon isotopes grain yield net carbon exchange nitrogen content yield potential

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