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Toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil in aquatic environment on carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant defense system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 612-617页

作者： WANG Yuanyuan ZHOU Qixing PENG Shengwei MA Lena Q NIU Xiaowei Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education of China) College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tganjin 300071 China Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-0290 USA

Under the indoor simulant conditions, toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil which was put into aquatic environment on the young fishes carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant system after a 20-d exposure were investigated. Results showed that the relationship between the mortality of C. auratus and the exposed doses could be divided into 3 phases： fishes exposed to the low dose groups （0.5-5.0 g/L） were dead due to the ingestion of crude-oil-contaminated soils in aquatic environment; at the medium dose groups （5.0-25.0 g/L） fishes were dead due to the penetration of toxic substances; at the high dose groups （25.0-50.0 g/L） fishes were dead due to environmental stress. The highest mortality and death speed were found in the 1.0 g/L dose group, and the death speed was sharply increased in the 50.0 g/L dose group in the late phase of exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） and the content of malaondialdehyde （MDA） in the hepatic tissues of C. auratus were induced significantly. The activity of SOD was increased and then decreased. It was significantly inhibited in the 50.0 g/L dose group. The activity of CAT was highly induced, and restored to a level which is little more than the control when the exposed doses exceeded 10.0 g/L. The activity of GST was the most sensitive, it was significantly induced in all dose groups, and the highest elevation was up to 6 times in the 0.5 g/L dose group comparing with the control. The MDA content was significantly elevated in the 50.0 g/L dose group, and the changes of the MDA content were opposite with the changes of GST activity.

关键词： crude-oil-contaminated soil ecotoxicology aquatic environment carassius auratus antioxidant defense system

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Immunotoxicity of bisphenol A to carassius auratus lymphocytes and macrophages following in vitro exposure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 232-237页

作者： YIN Da-qiang HU Shuang-qing GU Ying WEI Li LIU Shu-shen ZHANG Ai-qian State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanfing University Nanjing 210093 China Key laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Bisphenol A （BPA） is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical （EDC）. The reproductive toxicity of BPA has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to BPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPA on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in carassius auratus. The effects of BPA were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones, estradiol and hydrocortisone. Proliferation of the two types of cells in response to PHA was measured using colorimetric MTT assay. Macrophage respiratory burst stimulated by Con A was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Results showed that BPA （0.054-5.4 mg/L）, estradiol （0.0002-2.0 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （5-50 mg/L） significantly induced carassius auratus lymphocyte proliferation while higher doses of hydrocortisone （500-5000 mg/L） appeared to be inhibitory. BPA （0.005-50 mg/L）, estradiol （0.005-800 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （0.005-500 mg/L） markedly enhanced macrophage proliferation, whereas higher doses of BPA （500-1000 mg/L） appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, higher dosage of BPA （50 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （50 and 500 mg/L） suppressed the macrophages respiratory burst while estradiol is stimulative all the doses tested （0.05-500 mg/L）. In conclusion, BPA could have immunotoxicity to carassius auratus and functional changes of lymphocyte and macrophage in carassius auratus may be different between low and high dosages.

关键词： bisphenol A immunotoxicology lymphocyte macrophage carassius auratus

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NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION FOR SEVERAL GENERATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GOLDFISH, carassius auratus

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1983年第3期1卷 342-351页

作者： Wu Shangqin (S. C. Wu), Cai Naner and Xu Quanhan (Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao) Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao

Three varieties of goldfish, the Red-dragon, the Red-carassius and the Eggfish, were used to demonstrate the influence of nucleus and cytoplasm on the phenotypic expression and their mutual interaction after nuclear transplantation. Fishes from these combinations could not only develop normally but also reach sexual *** characteristics of fishes after first transplantation （N1） were fundamentally of the nuclear donor variety e. g. the combination of nucleus of Red-dragon with cytoplasm of Redcarassius was very much similar to Red-dragon. The male fish of N1 mated with female Red-dragon gave offsprings with characters fundamentally like the Reddragon *** these blastulae were used as nuclear donor and transplanted their nuclei into Red-carassius cytoplasm again, we got the N2. There were more single tailed fishes in this category with the character of the Red-earassius. When the male fish of N2 mated with the Reddragon, more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in their offsprings. This indicated that the changed characteristics in N2 was *** proceeded in this manner again and again, more and more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in N3 and N4 and their offsprings when mated with Red-dragon. The effect of cytoplasm changed not only the phenotypic characters of the combination, but also the genetic information to next generation. Those influence was additive too.

关键词： carassius auratus NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION FOR SEVERAL GENERATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GOLDFISH

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Identification and histopathological and pathogenicity analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida from goldfish (carassius auratus) in North China

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第1期5卷 36-41页

作者： Shibo Jin Songzhe Fu Ruijun Li Huifeng Dang Dongxu Gao Shigen Ye Zhiqiang Jiang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and PreventionCollege of Fisheries and Life ScienceDalian Ocean UniversityDalian116023China College of Marine Technology and Environment Dalian Ocean UniversityDalian116023China

In this study,bacterial pathogens were isolated from the liver,spleen,kidney,heart,and muscle of diseased goldfish(carassius auratus)after a massive outbreak of disease in an aquaculture farm in Anshan,Liaoning Province,North China(N41°05′58.42″E122°53′31.89″).Based on physiological and biochemical characterization of the bacteria and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida *** gene multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that the bacterial isolates from all the organs collected were of the same type,and clustered in the same phylogenetic group as *** *** pathogen,was named AS.17 and was resistant to rifampicin,bacitracin,vancomycin,penicillin and compound sulfamethoxazole,but was highly sensitive to nalidixic acid,lomefloxacin,spectinomycin,ofloxacin,and *** experimentally infected with AS.17 had similar symptoms to naturally infected fish,including gill filament anemia,intestinal bleeding,intra-abdominal fluid,and jaw *** analyses showed that the liver,the spleen,the kidney and the intestines of fish infected with AS.17 had severe pathological *** summary,this study reports the isolation of *** salmonicida from *** in North China and provides a reference strain and a research foundation for further studies on *** disease control and epidemiology.

关键词： Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida carassius auratus Histopathology Identification MLST Pathogenicity

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Can native species crucian carp carassius auratus recognizes the introduced red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 330-339页

作者： Fengjin CAI Zhengjun WU Nan HE Zhenxing WANG Chengming HUANG College of Life Science Guangxi Normal University The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Protection and Assessment Guilin 541004China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China

Procambarus clarkii is native to the south-central United States （Louisiana） and northeastern Mexico, and is a highly efficient predator that poses a damager to native species after its introduction or invasion. In its natural habitat, P. clarkii consumes carassius auratus, however, whether C. auratus recognizes P. clarkii as a predator is not yet clear. In laboratory experiments, we investigated whether experienced and inexperienced C. auratus recognize P. clarkii as a predatory threat and the specific sensory modality used by C. auratus to respond to chemical and visual stimuli from P. clarkii. In the chemical stimuli experiment, two kinds of chemical stimuli were used, water from a tub containing P. clarkii previously fed with C. auratus （C. auratus diet cues） and water from a tub containing unfed P. clarkii （P. clarkii cues）. In the visual experiment, experienced C. auratus decreased activity, but inexperienced *** avoided the predator compartment. When C. auratus diet cues were presented, both experienced and inexperienced C. auratus increased the use of shelter, decreased activity in the initial response phase. Compared with the blank treatment, experienced C. auratus responded to P. clarkii cues by decreasing activity; however, inexperienced C. auratus showed no reduction in activity. C. auratus appears to recognize P. clarkii as a predator both through visual and chemical cues. Further analysis revealed that C. auratus may recognize R clarkii visually through the disturbances caused by P. clarkii movement and chemically by detecting conspecific alarm cues in the diet of P. clarkii. The results also indicate that ex- perienced C. auratus can recognize R clarkii by innate chemical cues from P. clarkii, whereas inexperienced C. auratus cannot [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 330-339, 2011].

关键词： Procambarus clarkii carassius auratus Chemical cues Visual cues Non-native predator

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Effects of Selected Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Multiple Biomarkers in carassius auratus

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期26卷 742-749页

作者： XIA Jun ZHAO Hai Zhou LU Guang Hua Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education College of Environment Hohai University

Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide （nCuO）, zinc oxide （nZnO）, cerium dioxide （nCeO2） and their mixtures on carassius auratus. Methods Juvenile fish （Carossius auratus） were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO, nZnO, and nCeO2 （alone and in mixtures） at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 3.60, and 320 mg/L. The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in brain, sodium/potassium-activated ATPase （Na~/K＊-ATPase） in gill, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure. Integrated biomarker response （IBR） was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value. Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles （NPs） at high concentrations （__.160 rag/L） with the exception of nCeO2. Na~/K＋-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves. CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L. The order of IBR values was nCeO2 = nZnO/nCeO2= nCuO/nCeO2 〈 nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 〈 nZnO 〈 nCuO 〈 nCuO/nZnO. The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures, additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binary mixtures containing nCe02. Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities （ACHE, Na~/K＊-ATPase, SOD, and CAT） were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides. IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.

关键词： Metal oxide NPs Coexposure Biomarker carassius auratus

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Effect of Atrazine on Antioxidant Enzyme and Its Bioaccumulation in Kidney of Crucian Carp,carassius auratus

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2011年第3期18卷 16-21页

作者： MENG Shunlong CHEN Jiazhang WU Wei HU Gengdong QU Jianhong YOU Yang Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries Freshwater Fisheries Research Center Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences Wuxi 214081 Jiangsu China

Etrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in China and the world. Acute and chronic toxicity tests werc carried out to assess the possible toxicity effect of atrazine on crucian carp （carassius auratus）. Results showed that 96 h LC,. of atrazine to carassius auratus was 105.94 mg. L-1. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione-S-transferases （GST） in kidney of carassius auratus were all influenced by atraizine, and CAT was more sensitive to atrazine compared with SOD and GST. Atrazine residues in kidney of carassius aura/us reached the stable state at day 19, and the bioaccumulation factors （BAF） of atrazine in kidney of carassius auratus treated with 1.0 mg. L-1 and 10.0 mg. L-1 atrazine were 8.3 and 4.4, respectively. The research demonstrated that atrazine could cause oxidative stress to fish kidney, but atrazine was not easy to accumulate in carassius auratus kidney, and the antioxidant enzymes could be used as biomarker to the early detection of pollution.

关键词： atrazine carassius auratus enzyme bioaccumulation

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Time-Effect Relationship of Toxicity Induced by Roundup and Its Main Constituents in Liver of carassius auratus

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2013年第2期2卷 20-25页

作者： Jinyu Fan Jinju Geng Hongqiang Ren Xiaorong Wang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjingChina

In order to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of Roundup® on carassius auratus (C. auratus), fish were exposed to 32 μg/L Roundup®, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) over different periods (0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d). Hydroxyl radical (·OH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in liver were detected in this study. Results showed that the generation of ·OH increased before 7 d, but without significantly difference. ·OH was induced at 1 d for POEA group, 3 d for Roundup® group and 7 d for G.I.S group. At 14 d, ·OH generation returned to normal levels. MDA contents all increased significantly (p auratus, which was a reversible process in the long run.

关键词： carassius auratus Roundup Hydroxyl Radical(·OH) Toxicity

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Negative effect of 17-beta-estradiol on growth parameters of goldfish(carassius auratus)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第3期3卷 183-186页

作者： Reza Tarkhani Mohammad Reza Imanpoor Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah Sayede Amene Hossain Department of Fisheries Faculty of Fisheries and EnvironmentGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran

Objective:To evaluate the effects of 17-beta-estradiol on growth factors of goldfish(carassius auratus).Methods:To perform the test,17-beta-estradiol was given 3 months period to fish at different doses as followed:control group,Group 1:10 mg/kg food,Group 2:25 mg/kg food and Group 3:50 mg/kg *** this purpose,a solution of hormone in pure ethanol used to spray on *** was done 3 times daily as an *** the mean values measured for length and weight using ***:Indicated with increase length and weight,the effects of the hormone get more distinct,so that with increase concentration of hormone,reduce weight and ***:Estradiol along with testosterone and progesterone regulates final stages of oocyte maturation and *** studies have proven the different concentrations of this hormone has different effects on the growth of different *** aim of this study was to assess the effects of this hormone on growth factors of carassius auratus.

关键词： 17-Beta-estradiol Estrogen carassius auratus Growth factors

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Induction Effect of Cadmium on Peripheral Erythrocyte Micronuclei in carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2012年第3期4卷 118-120,124页

作者： WANG Yang-ke WANG Qi LU Hong-zhao College of Bioscience and Engineer Shaanxi University of Technology

[Objective] The study aimed to the effects of various Cd2＋ concentrations and exposure time on erythrocyte micronuclei in peripheral erythrocyte micronuclei in carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish. [ Method ] Using static water culture, carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish were exposed to solutions containing Cd2＋ with mass concentrations of 0.08, 1.72 and 6.84 mg/L, and blood was collected from tail veins to make smears which were observed under a oil lens afterwards. [ Result] In the initial exposure period, carassius auratus and Onental weatherfish were unwell obviously, being afraid and unpeaceful and escaping everywhere. With the increase in Cd2＋ concentration, this phenomenon became more distinct. In addition, as the prolonging of exposure time, fishes moved slowly, powerlessly and less and reacted slowly, and moe and more excrement deposited at the bottom of aquariums. [ Conclusion] Cd2 ＋ could obviously induce carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish to generate micronuclei, showing certain dose-effect and time-effect relation under certain conditions.

关键词： Cadmium carassius auratus Oriental weatherfish Erythrocyte Micronucleus Nuclear anomaly

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