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ⅩⅪ International Grassland congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland congress

作者： K.Auerswald T.Maennel Y.F.Bai M.Wittmer H.Schnyder Technische Universitt Mnchen Lehrstuhl fr Grnlandlehre Am Hochanger 1D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan. Research center of Plant Ecology chinese Academy of Sciences 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan 10009BeijingChina

Introduction The central Asian grassland is one of the largest biomes on earth with significant influence on global biogeochemical *** is characterized by the co-existence of plant species with either c or c photosynthetic pathways, which differ in carbon isotope *** c/c ratio is controlled by climate and land use which have changed during the past century(global warming and atmospheric cO increase;increased stocking rates).However,it is unknown if these changes have actually elicited changes in the c/c *** used old and modern woollen materials and carbon isotope analysis to reconstruct vegetation changes,which are recorded in the hair of the grazing animals.

关键词： carbon Isotope Discrimination c3 plants c4 plants central Asian Grassland

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Molecular mechanisms of stress resistance in sorghum: Implications for crop improvement strategies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 741-768页

作者： Hongxiang Zheng Yingying Dang Xianmin Diao Na Sui Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress/college of life Sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Institute of crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a c4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficiency, can grow in adverse environmental conditions due to its excellent stress resistance characteristics. Therefore, unraveling the stress-resistance mechanism of sorghum could provide a theoretical basis for developing and cultivating various stress-resistant crops. This understanding could also help to create a conducive environment for using marginal soil in agriculture and ensuring food security. In this review, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms of sorghum under drought, salinity, temperature, and soil heavy metal stresses, the specific response to stress, the screening of sorghum-resistant germplasm, and the identification and functional analysis of the relevant genes and quantitative trait loci(QTL). In addition, we discuss the application potential of different stress-tolerant sorghum germplasms reported to date and emphasize the feasibility and potential use in developing and promoting highly stress-tolerant sorghum in marginal soil.

关键词： abiotic stress c4 plants QTL sorghum stress resistance yield stability

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Recent progress in the single-cell c4 photosynthesis in terrestrial plants

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第6期7卷 539-547页

作者： Shiu-cheung LUNG Makoto YANAGISAWA Simon D. X. cHUONG Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Agronomy Department Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2054 USA

currently, single-cell c4 photosynthesis has been reported in four terrestrial plant species, Bienertia cycloptera, B. sinuspersici, B. kavirense and Suaeda aralocaspica, of family chenopodiaceae. These species possess novel mechanisms of c4 photosynthesis through spatial partitioning of organelles and key enzymes in distinct cytoplasmic domains within single chlorenchyma cells. Anatomical and biochemical studies have shown that the three Bienertia species and S. aralocaspica utilize biochemical and organellar compartmentation to achieve the equivalent spatial separation of Kranz anatomy but within a single photosynthetic cell. These discoveries have challenged the paradigm for c4 photosynthesis in terrestrial plants which had suggested for more than 40 years that the Kranz feature was indispensably required for its c4 function. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the spatial relationship of organelles in these unique single-cell c4 systems. The demonstrated interaction of dimorphic chloroplasts with microtubules and actin filaments has shed light on the importance of these cytoskeleton components in the intracellular partitioning of organelles. Future perspectives on the potential function of the cytoskeleton in targeting gene products to specific subcellular compartments are discussed.

关键词： c4 plants single-cell c4 photosynthesis chenopodiaceae dimorphic chloroplasts organelle compartmentation,photosynthetic enzymes cytoskeleton protein targeting

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climate and anthropogenic drivers of changes in abundance of c4 annuals and perennials in grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 131-141页

作者： Hao Yang Karl Auerswald Xiaoying Gong Hans Schnyder Yongfei Bai Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre Technische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Background:c4 plants have increased substantially during the past several decades in the grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau due to regional ***,we explore how the patterns of abundances of c4 annuals and c4 perennials change over space and ***:A total of 280 sites with c4 plants were surveyed in four types of grasslands in 9 *** relative biomasses of c4 plants(Pc4),c4 annuals(PA4),and c4 perennials(PP4)were *** equation modeling was used to analyze the drivers of changes in PA4 and ***:At the regional scale,PA4 on average was 11%(±19%,SD)and PP4 was 13%(±19%,SD).Spatially,c4 annuals dominated the c4 communities within an east–west belt region along 44°N and tended to spread toward northern latitudes(about 0.5°)and higher altitudes in the east mountainous *** abundance of c4 annuals decreased,while that of c4 perennials *** patterns of c4 annuals and c4 perennials were mainly controlled by temperature,growing season precipitation,and dynamics between the two life ***:c4 annuals exhibited competitive advantages in normal and wet years,while c4 perennials had competitive advantages in dry *** as a main human disturbance increased c4 annuals,but had no significant effect on c4 perennials.

关键词： c4 annuals and perennials c4 plants grazing growing season precipitation Mongolian Plateau temperature

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Discovery of c4 species at high altitude in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Discovery of C4 species at high altitude in Qinghai-Tibetan ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2004学术年会

作者： WANG Luo~1,L Houyuan~1,WU Naiqin~1,cHU Duo~2, HAN Jiamao~1,WU Yuhu~3,WU Haibin~4 & GU Zhaoyan~1 1.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100029,china 2.Tibet Institute of Plateau Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Lhasa 850000.china: 3.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology.chinese Academy of Sciences. Xining 810000,china 4.Institute of Earth Environment.chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075.china

Plant specimens are collected from the areas between latitude 27°42′N and 40°57′N,and longitude 88°93′E and 103°24′E,with an altitudinal range from 2210 to 5050 m above the sea level in Qinghai-Tibetan *** stable carbon isotope analysis indicates that two of chenopodiaceae and six of Poaceae in the samples are c *** of the c plants are found in 11 spots with altitudes above 3800 m, and Pennisetum centrasiaticum,Arundinella yunnanensis and Orinus thoroldii are present in six spots above 4000 m,even up to 4520 *** low cO.,partial pressure,that sufficient energy of high light improving c plant’s tolerance of low temperature and precipitations concentrating in growing season probably are favorable for c4 plants growing at high altitude in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau high altitude c4 plants

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Warming-induced northwestward migration of the East Asian monsoon rain belt from the Last Glacial Maximum to the mid-Holocene

Warming-induced northwestward migration of the East Asian mo...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）...

作者： Shiling Yang Zhongli Ding Yangyang Li Xu Wang Wenying Jiang Xiaofang Huang Key Laboratory of cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Glacial–interglacial changes in the distribution of c/c vegetation on the chinese Loess Plateau have been related to East Asian summer monsoon intensity and position, and could provide insights into future changes caused by global warming. Here, we present δc records of bulk organic matter since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) from 21 loess sections across the Loess Plateau. The δc values(range: –25‰ to –16‰) increased gradually both from the LGM to the mid-Holocene in each section and from northwest to southeast in each time interval. During the LGM, c biomass increased fromcene c vegetation increased throughout the Plateau,with estimated biomass increasing from 10% to 20% in the northwest to >40% in the southeast. The spatial pattern of c biomass in both the LGM and the mid-Holocene closely resembles that of modern warm-season precipitation, and thus can serve as a robust analog for the contemporary East Asian summer monsoon rain belt. Using the 10–20% isolines for c biomass in the cold LGM as a reference, we derived a minimum 300-km northwestward migration of the monsoon rain belt for the warm Holocene. Our results strongly support the prediction that Earth’s thermal equator will move northward in a warmer world. The southward displacement of the monsoon rain belt and the drying trend observed during the last few decades in northern china will soon reverse as global warming continues.

关键词： c4 plants loess East Asian summer monsoon Last Glacial Maximum Holocene

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