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Phylogenetics and biogeography of eastern Asian–North American disjunct genus Pachysandra (buxaceae) inferred from nucleotide sequences

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第3期47卷 191-201页

作者： 1Zhihua JIAO 2,3Jianhua LI 1(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China) 2(The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA) 3(Adjunct Faculty of College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China) (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China) (The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA) (Adjunct Faculty of College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China)

Pachysandra is an eastern Asian-North American disjunct genus with three species, two in eastern Asia (Pachysandra axillaris and Pachysandra terminalis) and one in eastern North America (Pachysandra procumbens). Although morphological and cytological studies suggest a close affinity of P. procumbens with P. axillaris, molecular data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions have provided conflicting signals. In this study, we tested previous phylogenetic hypotheses using sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and chloroplast ndhF gene from multiple individuals of each of the three species. We also estimated the time of divergence between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Our results support the morphological and cytological conclusion that P. procumbens is more closely related to P. axillaris than to P. terminalis. The estimated time of divergence of P. axillaris and P. procumbens was 14.6±5.5 mya, consistent with estimates from many other eastern Asian-North American disjunct genera. The migration of Pachysandra populations from eastern Asia to North America might have occurred by way of the North Atlantic land bridge.

关键词： buxaceae divergence time ndhF nrDNA ITS Pachysandra.

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Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2022年第1期12卷 310-359页

作者： Mei-Ling Xiang Bin-Yuan Hu Zi-Heng Qi Xiao-Na Wang Tian-Zhen Xie Zhao-Jie Wang Dan-Yu Ma Qi Zeng Xiao-Dong Luo Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of EducationYunnan Provincial Center for Research&Development of Natural ProductsSchool of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China

Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule.They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities,and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs,such as abiraterone acetate(Zytiga®),a blockbuster drug,which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer.Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities,which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities.This review comprehensively covers the structural classification,isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021,with 363 references being cited.

关键词： Steroidal alkaloids Chemistry Bioactivities Solanaceae Liliaceae Apocynaceae buxaceae

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