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Medical student depression and its correlates across three international medical schools

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2019年第4期9卷 65-77页

作者： Jessica A Gold Xinran Hu Gan Huang Wan-Zhen Li Yi-Fan Wu Shan Gao Zhe-Ning Liu Mickey Trockel Wan-Zhen Li Yi-Fan Wu Shan Gao Zhe-Ning Liu Robert M Rohrbaugh Kirsten M Wilkins Department of Psychiatry Washington University in St Louis Department of Psychiatry Yale University Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Stanford University 不详

BACKGROUND Medical students have high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout that have been found to affect their empathy, professional behaviors, and performance as a physician. While studies have examined predictors for burnout and depression in the United States (US), no study, to our knowledge, has compared depression in medical students cross-culturally, or has attempted to examine the effect of factors influencing rates including burnout, exercise, stress, unmet mental health needs, and region. AIM To examine rates of depression in three international cohorts of medical students, and determine variables that may explain these differences. METHODS Convenience samples of medical students from three countries (US, China, and a Middle Eastern country whose name remains anonymous per request from the school) were surveyed in this observational study. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and a modified Maslach burnout Inventory, depression and burnout were examined among medical students from the three cohorts (n = 473). Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to examine differences in demographics, behavioral, and psychological variables across these three schools to identify potentially confounding descriptive characteristics. Analysis of covariance compared depression and the emotional exhaustion component of burnout identified through Principal Component Analysis across countries. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables on screening positive for depression. RESULTS Medical students from the Middle Eastern country had the highest rates of positive depression screens (41.1%), defined as a PHQ-2 score of ≥ 3, followed by China (14.1 %), and then the US (3.8%). More students in the Middle Eastern school had unmet mental health needs (50.8%) than at the medical school in China (34.8%) or the school in the US (32.8%)(Pearson chi-square significance < 0.05). Thus, PHQ-2

关键词： Medical students Wellness burnout Depression International

Reducing turnover intention: Perceived organizational support for frontline employees

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2020年第1期14卷 104-119页

作者： Qiang Wang Chao Wang Business School Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Frontline employees are generally under great pressure,and carry out repetitive and mundane daily tasks,leading to burnout and a high turnover intention among *** identify ways to reduce this turnover intention,this study examines the effect of perceived organizational support(POS)on burnout and turnover intention in the Chinese context and adds to the literature on frontline employee *** data from a survey of the frontline employees of a gas station in Beijing,we examine the mediating effects of frontline employee burnout on their POS and turnover *** study shows that POS has a significant negative impact on burnout and turnover intention,and that job resources cannot substitute POS.

关键词： Perceived organizational support(POS) burnout Retail frontline employees Job resources Job demands Turnover intention

Exhaustion and Emotional Demands in China： A Large-Scale Investigation across Occupations

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2017年第1期11卷 45-68页

作者： Kelly Z. Peng Department of Business Administration Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong China

As the Chinese economy moves toward a market-based model, employees are likely to face more emotional demands and exhaustion at work. However, there are some unique aspects to the emotional demands of work in the Chinese cultural context. We investigate emotional demands and exhaustion in China with a large-scale sample across the six major occupations identified by the Holland classification system. Results show that incumbents of social and enterprising jobs face higher emotional demands. Unexpectedly, exhaustion differs significantly between conventional and other types of jobs. Building on the Job Demand-Resources （JD-R） model, job crafting and the cultural context, we propose that the nonlinear relationship of emotional demands and exhaustion exists only when emotional intelligence is low. Our study may inform practitioners and policy makers in Chinese enterprises about emotional demands and exhaustion for various occupations and the importance of selection and training programs in emotional intelligence.

关键词： exhaustion burnout emotional demands emotional intelligence JD-R model

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心理健康工作者枯竭的研究进展

A quiet place:The impact of the word"quiet"on clinical workload

心理学 2004年第9期 87-90页

作者：蒋奖许燕

枯竭是存在于心理健康工作者当中的一个普遍现象，指的是在工作中，个体面对长期的情绪和人际关系紧张源而产生的一种反应，主要表现为情绪衰竭、非人性化和个人成就感降低。影响枯竭的因素存在于三个方面：心理健康工作者的个人特征、... 详细信息

枯竭是存在于心理健康工作者当中的一个普遍现象，指的是在工作中，个体面对长期的情绪和人际关系紧张源而产生的一种反应，主要表现为情绪衰竭、非人性化和个人成就感降低。影响枯竭的因素存在于三个方面：心理健康工作者的个人特征、与当事人有关的特征和工作特征。

关键词：枯竭心理健康工作者影响因素 burnout psychological health worker influential element

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第1期9卷 91-96页

作者： Beatrice C.Go Kevin Chorath Amy Schettino Vincent Anagnos Ivy Maina Laura Henry Lukas Dumberger Neel Sangal Vasiliki Triantafillou Solomon Husain Chad Sudoko Evan Cretney Karthik Rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leonard Davis Institute of Health EconomicsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the impact of uttering the word"quiet"on clinical workload during the overnight otolaryngology call shift and understand the factors contributing to resident *** and Methods:A multicenter,single-blind,randomized-controlled trial was conducted.A total of 80 overnight call shifts covered by a pool of 10 residents were randomized to the quiet or to the control *** the start of shift,residents were asked to state aloud,"Today will be a quiet night"(quiet group)or"Today will be a good night"(control group).Clinical workload,as measured by number of consults,was the primary *** measures included number of sign-out tasks,unplanned inpatient and operating room visits,number of phone calls and hours of sleep,and self-perceived ***:There was no difference in the number of total(P=0.23),nonurgent(P=0.18),and urgent(P=0.18)*** at signout,total phone calls,unplanned inpatient visits,and unplanned operating room visits did not differ between the control and quiet *** there were more unplanned operating room visits in the quiet group(29,80.6%)compared to the control group(34,94.4%),this was not found to be significant(P=0.07).The majority of residents reported feeling"not busy"during control nights(18,50.0%)compared to feeling"somewhat busy"during quiet nights(17,47.2%;P=0.42).Conclusion:Contrary to popular belief,there is no clear evidence that uttering the word"quiet"significantly increases clinical workload.

关键词： burnout call schedule quiet resident workload wellness

Patient satisfaction and occupational health of workers in hospital care setting: Associations and reciprocity

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Health 2013年第10期5卷 1622-1628页

作者： Marco Ferrara Daniela Converso Sara Viotti Department of Psychology University of Turin Turin Italy

Research studies conducted in the healthcare sector usually examine patients’ and workers’ wellbeing as separate entities;however, recent studies have revealed significant correlations between, for example, patient satisfaction, workers stress and burnout. The present study examines the relationships between patient perceived quality of care (in terms of satisfaction with regard to accessibility, organizational efficiency and humaneness of care), and workers’ perceived quality of organizational life (in term of organizational support and availability of resource and reward), quality of relationship in the work-unit (superior and coworkers), quality of relationship with patients (disproportionate client expectations and customer verbal aggression) and individual health (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, job satisfaction). 147 workers and 132 patients from seven hospital wards in northern Italy constitute the data base for the study. Analyses showed that accessibility and humaneness of care were negatively associated with disproportionate patient expectations, patient verbal aggression, emotional exhaustion and positively associated with availability of material recourses. Moreover, accessibility was also positively associated with the organizational support while organizational efficiency with support from colleagues. Globally, the results of the present study confirm that staff wellbeing is an essential aspect in relation to the patient perception of the quality of care and supporting the assumption that healthy organizations improve the wellbeing of their workers, their organizational performance and the quality of their service at the same time.

关键词： Patients Satisfaction Quality of Care Occupational Wellbeing Job burnout Work-Related Stress Health Care Setting

Experimental Studies on Critical Heat Flux in a Uniformly Heated Vertical Tube at Low Pressure and Flowrates

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第1期6卷 60-69页

作者： Husham M. Ahmed Department of Mechanical Engineering Gulf University P.O.Box： 26489 Manama Bahrain

Investigations into critical beat flux at low flow and pressure conditions are of particular interest when predicting the nuclear reactor core behavior during Loss of Coolant accident （LOCA）. Therefore, critical heat flux （CHF） has been investigated in a uniformly heated vertical round tube at two low system pressures and six low water flowrates. The results have been compared with two correlations which have different approaches and CHF look-up table. Good agreements have been obtained for the three comparisons at the lower sets of mass fluxes. The Bowring correlation was found to be the best to correlate the experimental results with Root Mean Square Error RMSE of 0.54% and 0.56% for the 5 bar and 15 bar system pressure respectively. A comparisons with the Shim and Lee correlation yielded RMSE of 0.23% and 5.74% for the two system pressure respectively. When the look-up table of Groeneveld et al. was used, RMES of 0.55% and 25.2% was obtained for the two system pressure respectively.

关键词： Critical heat flux dryout burnout subcooled boiling LOCA.

Student’s Academic Efficacy or Inefficacy?An Example on How to Evaluate the Psychometric Properties of a Measuring Instrument and Evaluate the Effects of Item Wording

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Open Journal of Statistics 2014年第6期4卷 484-493页

作者： Joao Maroco Ana Lucia Maroco Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos Unidade de Investigacao em Psicologia e Saude Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada(ISPA)LisboaPortugal Departamento de Odontologia Social Faculdade de Odontologia de AraraquaraUNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquaraBrazil

This study evaluated the effect of item inversion on the construct validity and reliability of psychometric scales and proposed a theoretical framework for the evaluation of the psychometric properties of data gathered with psychometric instruments. To this propose, we used the Maslach burnout Inventory, which is the most used psychometric inventory to measure burnout in different professional context (Students, Teachers, Police, Doctors, Nurses, etc…). The version of the MBI used was the MBI-Student Survey (MBI-SS). This inventory is composed of three key dimensions: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Professional Efficacy. The two first dimensions—which have positive formulated items—are moderate to strong positive correlated, and show moderate to strong negative correlations with the 3rd dimension—which has negative formulated items. We tested the hypothesis that, in college students, formulating the 3rd dimension of burnout as Inefficacy (reverting the negatively worded items in the Efficacy dimension) improves the correlation of the 3rd dimension with the other two dimensions, improves its internal consistency, and the overall MBI-SS’ construct validity and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results, estimated by Maximum Likelihood, revealed adequate factorial fit for both forms of the MBI-SS (with Efficacy) vs. the MBI-SSi (with Inefficacy). Also both forms showed adequate convergent and discriminant related validity. However, reliability and convergent validity were higher for the MBI-SSi. There were also stronger (positive) correlations between the 3 factors in MBI-SSi than the ones observed in MBI-SS. Results show that positively rewording of the 3rd dimension of the MBI-SS improves its validity and reliability. We therefore propose that the 3rd dimension of the MBI-SS should be named Professional Inefficacy and its items should be positively worded.

关键词： burnout Maslach burnout Inventory-Student Survey Validity Reliability Item Inversion

Psycho-Social Hazards for Staff in Geriatrics and Geriatric Psychiatry

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第2期4卷 91-98页

作者： Philippe Thomas Remy Billon Jean Albert Chaumier Geraldine Barruche Cyril Hazif Thomas Geriatric Psychiatry Department University Hospital EsquirolLimogesFrance Department of Geriatrics Centre Hospitalier St LouisLa RochelleFrance Department of Geriatrics Centre Hospitalier Hopitaux Sud CharenteBarbezieuxFrance Geriatric Psychiatry Department University Hopital de BoharsBrestFrance

Context: Exposure to burnout of staff involved with elderly patients is dependent on many factors either personal or linked to the professional environment. Social stress and systemic problems created particularly by difficulties inherent in the French hospital management system and the way people feel it, lead to a risk of burnout. One illustration of this is the rise in suicides at work. Quality of life at work, harassment and psycho-social risks are intimately linked. Affective factors, such as suffering for the medical carers in response to the distress of their patients aggravate the risk of burnout. Methods: We have evaluated these parameters using a self-filled questionnaire form sent to all staff and filled in by computer, anonymously, in 4 establishments, in December 2012 and over the first semester of 2013. After the three factors studied by the ProQOL scale of quality of life at work, to do with burnout, satisfaction compassion and fatigue compassion, 5 other questions were added, connected with a feeling of harassment and several social and demographic matters. burnout risk was retained on reaching a threshold of 30 for this ProQOL scale item. Results: After multivariate analysis including the parameters of the Stamm scale, harassment and the socio-demographic factors studied, (age, sex, seniority, profession, and work departments) 4 factors are significantly associated with the risk of burnout, one negatively, compassion satisfaction, three positively, compassion fatigue, harassment experience and seniority. Conclusions: The risk of burnout is linked to subjective factors—the way quality of life at work is perceived and harassment experienced. Some professions, such as nurses, are particularly exposed and require these risk factors to be foreseen.

关键词： burnout Compassion Satisfaction Compassion Fatigue Harassment Caregiver Medical Doctor Geriatric Psychiatry Geriatrics Working Conditions