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The burden of disease on HIV-infected orphaned and non-orphaned children accessing primary health facilities in a rural district with poor resources in South Africa: a cross-sectional survey of primary caregivers of HIV-infected children aged 5–18 years

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 153-164,152页

作者： Mathildah M Mokgatle Sphiwe Madiba Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthSefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityP O Box 215MedunsaSouth Africa Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public HealthSefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityMedunsaSouth Africa

Background:Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling(PITC)is offered as part of the normal standard of care to increase access to treatment for HIV-infected *** practice,HIV diagnosis occurs in late childhood following recurrent and chronic *** investigated primary caregivers’reported reasons for seeking HIV testing for children aged 5–18 years,determined the orphan status of the children,and compared the clinical profile and disease burden of orphans and ***:This was a cross-sectional survey of primary caregivers of HIV-infected children accessing antiretroviral treatment(ART)from two community hospitals and 34 primary healthcare facilities in a rural district in Mpumalanga province,South ***:The sample consisted of 406 primary caregivers:319(78.6%)brought the child to the health facility for HIV testing because of chronic and recurrent *** half(n=183,45.1%)of the children were maternal orphans,128(31.5%)were paternal orphans,and 73(39.9%)were double orphans.A univariate analysis showed that maternal orphans were significantly more likely to be older(OR=2.57,p=0.000,CI:1.71–3.84),diagnosed late(OR=2.48,p=0.009,CI:1.26–4.88),and to start ART later(OR=2.5,p=0.007,CI:1.28–4.89)than *** was a high burden of infection among the children prior to HIV diagnosis;274(69.4%)presented with multiple *** logistic regression showed that ART start age(aOR=1.19,p=0.000,CI:1.10–1.29)and time on ART(aOR=2.30,p=0.000,CI:1.45–3.64)were significantly associated with orphanhood ***(n=203,(50.2%)of the children were admitted to hospital prior to start of ART,and hospitalization was associated with multiple infections(OR=1.27,p=0.004,CI:1.07–1.51).Conclusions:The study found late presentation with undiagnosed perinatal HIV infection and high prevalence of orphanhood among the *** health of maternal orphans was more compromised than *** PICT should be strengthened t

关键词： Primary level of care Hospitalization Provider-initiated testing and counseling Perinatally infected olderchildren burden of disease Orphanhood South Africa

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Colorectal cancer’s burden attributable to a diet high in processed meat in the Belt and Road Initiative countries

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 182-196页

作者： Gu Liu Chang-Min Li Fei Xie Qi-Lai Li Liang-Yan Liao Wen-Jun Jiang Xiao-Pan Li Guan-Ming Lu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Chenzhou Third People’s HospitalChenzhou 423000Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Chenzhou First People’s Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhou423000 Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Department of Health Management Center Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)*** addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed ***,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain *** To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to *** We used the 2019 Global burden of disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of *** and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and *** joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in *** burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in ***,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has *** fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final de

关键词： Belt and Road Initiative countries Colorectal cancer burden of disease Dietary risk factors Processed meat Disability-adjusted life years Trend analysis

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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected Tropicaldisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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Estimation of lung cancer burden in Australia,the Philippines,and Singapore:an evaluation of disability adjusted life years

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第1期14卷 74-82页

作者： Suman Morampudi Neha Das Arun Gowda Anand Patil Phamax Analytic Resources Pvt.Ltd. Bengaluru 560095India

Objective: Lung cancer is one of the leading cancers and major causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The economic burden associated with the high mortality of lung cancer is high, which accounts for nearly $180 billion on a global scale in 2008. This paper aims to understand the economic burden of lung cancer in terms of disability adjusted life years(DALY) in Australia, the Philippines, and ***: The years of life lost(YLL) and years lost due to disability(YLD) were calculated using the formula developed by Murray and Lopez in 1996 as part of a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability for diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. The same formula is represented in the Global burden of disease template provided by the World Health Organization. Appropriate assumptions were made when data were unavailable and projections were performed using regression analysis to obtain data for ***: The total DALYs due to lung cancer in Australia, the Philippines, and Singapore were 91,695, 38,584, and 12,435,respectively, and the corresponding DALY rates per a population of 1,000 were 4.0, 0.4, and 2.2, respectively, with a discount rate of 3%. When researchers calculated DALYs without the discount rate, the burden of disease increased substantially; the DALYs were 117,438 in Australia, 50,977 in the Philippines, and 16,379 in Singapore. Overall, YLL or premature death accounted for more than 95% of DALYs in these ***: Strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment must be devised for diseases where the major burden is due to mortality.

关键词： Lung cancer DALY YLD YLL burden of disease DALY rate discount rate

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Trends and risk factors of lung cancer in China

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2020年第6期32卷 683-694页

作者： Siyi He He Li Maomao Cao Dianqin Sun Lin Lei Ni Li Ji Peng Wanqing Chen Office for Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Department of Cancer Prevention and Control Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease ControlShenzhen 518020China

China is faced with heavy burdens caused by lung cancer,which has climbed to the top of both cancer incidence and mortality *** age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality have shown a trend of gradual uptrends in the last decades,while the crude rates rise much quickly due to the aging of *** the improvement in health care has contributed to better survival of lung cancer,its prognosis is still *** from the common risk factors such as tobacco use,air pollution,and occupational hazards,some specific factors like Chinese-style cooking also have posed great threats to human *** light of such national conditions,specific interventions should be conducted to curb the burden of lung cancer including smoking cessation,improvement of air quality,early detection and effective treatment of lung cancer.

关键词： burden of disease China lung cancer risk factors trend

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Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 238-242页

作者： Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred K.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx Joseph Kamgno Sarah O’Neill Adrian Hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez Rory J.Post Belen Pedrique Pierre-Marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri BuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Yaounde Central Hospital/University of Yaounde 1Brain Research Africa Initiative(BRAIN)YaoundeCameroon Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical diseases(CRFilMT) and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Neglected and Disabling diseases of Poverty Consultant KentUK London Centre for Neglected Tropical disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine and Liverpool John Moores University LondonUK Drugs for Neglected diseases initiative GenevaSwitzerland Preux Pierre-Marie INSERMUniversity LimogesCHU LimogesUMR_S 1094Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical NeurologyCNRS FR 3503 GEIST87000 LimogesFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Parasitic diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda

Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still *** text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,*** workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different *** research findings strongly suggest that *** is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for *** with *** is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted *** is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 *** working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with *** OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding ***:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also ***,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination *** the high numbers of people with epilepsy

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Nakalanga syndrome Prevalence burden of disease Africa

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