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Evaluation on the anisotropic brittleness index of shale rock using geophysical logging

Petroleum 2023年第4期9卷 545-557页

作者： Junchuan Gui Jianchun Guo Yu Sang Yaxi Chen Tianshou Ma P.G.Ranjith Research Institute of Shale Gas PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield CompanyChengdu610051China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Shunan Gas Mine PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyLuzhou646000China Downhole Service Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company LimitedChengdu610501China Deep Earth Energy Laboratory Department of Civil EngineeringMonash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia

The brittleness index plays a significant role in the hydraulic fracturing design and wellbore stability analysis of shale *** brittleness indices have been proposed to characterize the brittleness of shale rocks,but almost all of them ignored the anisotropy of the brittleness ***,uniaxial compression testing integrated with geophysical logging was used to provide insights into the anisotropy of the brittleness index for Longmaxi shale,the presented method was utilized to assess brittleness index of Longmaxi shale formation for the interval of 3155e3175 m in CW-1 *** results indicated that the brittleness index of Longmaxi shale showed a distinct anisotropy,and it achieved the minimum value at β=45°-60°.As the bedding angle increased,the observed brittleness index(BI_(2_β))decreased firstly and increased then,it achieved the lowest value at β=40°-60°,and it is consistent with the uniaxial compression testing *** to the isotropic brittleness index(β=0°),the deviation of the anisotropic brittleness index ranged from 10%to 66.7%,in other words,the anisotropy of brittleness index cannot be ignored for Longmaxi *** matter content is one of the main intrinsic causes of shale anisotropy,and the anisotropy degree of the brittleness index generally increases with the increase in organic matter *** present work is valuable for the assessment of anisotropic brittleness for hydraulic fracturing design and wellbore stability analysis.

关键词： Shale rock brittleness brittleness index Anisotropy Transverse isotropy Geophysical logging

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brittleness index and seismic rock physics model for anisotropic tight-oil sandstone reservoirs

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Applied Geophysics 2015年第1期12卷 11-22,120页

作者：黄欣芮黄建平李振春杨勤勇孙启星崔伟中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院山东青岛266580 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院江苏南京211103

brittleness analysis becomes important when looking for sweet spots in tightoil sandstone reservoirs. Hence, appropriate indices are required as accurate brittleness evaluation criteria. We construct a seismic rock physics model for tight-oil sandstone reservoirs with vertical fractures. Because of the complexities in lithology and pore structure and the anisotropic characteristics of tight-oil sandstone reservoirs, the proposed model is based on the solid components, pore connectivity, pore type, and fractures to better describe the sandstone reservoir microstructure. Using the model, we analyze the brittleness sensitivity of the elastic parameters in an anisotropic medium and establish a new brittleness index. We show the applicability of the proposed brittleness index for tight-oil sandstone reservoirs by considering the brittleness sensitivity, the rock physics response characteristics, and cross-plots. Compared with conventional brittleness indexes, the new brittleness index has high brittleness sensitivity and it is the highest in oil-bearing brittle zones with relatively high porosity. The results also suggest that the new brittleness index is much more sensitive to elastic properties variations, and thus can presumably better predict the brittleness characteristics of sweet spots in tight-oil sandstone reservoirs.

关键词： brittleness index tight-oil sandstone reservoirs seismic rock physics model brittleness sensitivity anisotropy

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Systematic prediction of the gas content, fractures, and brittleness in fractured shale reservoirs with TTI medium

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3202-3221页

作者： Yun Zhao Xiao-Tao Wen Chen-Long Li Yang Liu Chun-Lan Xie Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Techniques Ministry of EducationChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059Sichuan China College of Geophysics Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059Sichuan China

The main objective is to optimize the development of shale gas-rich areas by predicting seismic sweet spot parameters in shale reservoirs. We systematically assessed the fracture development, fracture gas content, and rock brittleness in fractured gas-bearing shale reservoirs. To better characterize gas-bearing shale reservoirs with tilted fractures, we optimized the petrophysical modeling based on the equivalent medium theory. Based on the advantages of shale petrophysical modeling, we not only considered the brittle mineral fraction but also the combined effect of shale porosity, gas saturation, and total organic carbon(TOC) when optimizing the brittleness index. Due to fractures generally functioning as essential channels for fluid storage and movement, fracture density and fracture fluid identification factors are critical geophysical parameters for fractured reservoir prediction. We defined a new fracture gas indication factor(GFI) to detect fracture-effective gas content. A new linear PP-wave reflection coefficient equation for a tilted transversely isotropic(TTI) medium was rederived, realizing the direct prediction of anisotropic fracture parameters and the isotropic elasticity parameters from offset vector tile(OVT)-domain seismic data. Synthetic seismic data experiments demonstrated that the inversion algorithm based on the L_P quasinorm sparsity constraint and the split-component inversion strategy exhibits high stability and noise resistance. Finally, we applied our new prediction method to evaluate fractured gas-bearing shale reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin of China, demonstrating its effectiveness.

关键词： Petrophysical modeling brittleness index Fracture gas indication factor(GFI) Tilted transversely isotropic(TTI) Fracture density

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Study on brittleness templates for shale gas reservoirs——A case study of Longmaxi shale in Sichuan Basin,southern China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1370-1389页

作者： Qamar Yasin Ghulam Mohyuddin Sohail Ke-Yu Liu Qi-Zhen Du Cyril DBoateng The Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Laboratory for Marine Mineral ResourcesQingdao266237China Department of Civil Geological and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5C5Canada Department of Geological Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan

Differentiating brittle zones from ductile zones in low permeability shale formations is imperative for efficient hydraulic fracturing *** brittleness index(BI) is used to describe the rock resistance to hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation and measures the ease at which complex fracture networks can be *** this study,we constructed brittleness templates through the correlation of fundamental rock properties and geomechanical *** then employed the templates to distinguish the brittle,ductile,and brittle-ductile transition zones in the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir,Sichuan Basin of southern *** approach works in two ***,we suggest a new expression for the mineralogical BI by their respective weights based on the analysis of correlation coefficients between mechanical testing and XRD ***,we correlate TOC,porosity,pore fluid,natural fractures,and improved BI model with multiple elastic properties to define the brittle,ductile,and transitional zones in the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir of *** with the traditional mineralogy-based BI definition,the improved BI model differentiates the brittle and ductile zones and provides a better sense of the most suitable fracturing *** results show that the brittleness templates,which combine fundamental rock properties,improved BI model,and geomechanical characterization led to identifying favorable zones for hydraulic fracturing and enhanced shale *** proposed brittleness templates’ effectiveness was verified using data from horizontal wells,offset wells,shale gas wells from different origins,laboratory core testing,and seismic inversion of BI across the studied wells.

关键词： brittleness index Geomechanical properties Petrophysical parameters Longmaxi shale

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Modified method for fracability evaluation of tight sandstones based on interval transit time

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Petroleum Science 2020年第2期17卷 477-486页

作者： Jing Li Xiao-Rong Li Hong-Bin Zhan Ming-Shui Song Chen Liu Xiang-Chao Kong Lu-Ning Sun College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Department of Geology and Geophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company Dongying 257001ShandongChina

Fracability is a property that indicates how easy reservoir rocks can be fractured in hydraulic fracturing *** is a key parameter for fracturing design and *** order to utilize continuous logging data to predict fracability,synchronous tests of dynamic and static mechanical parameters of rocks under different confining pressures were conducted on13 tight sandstone samples derived from the central Junggar Basin,China.A modified formula between dynamic and static mechanical parameters was *** of the tight reservoir in the Junggar Basin was then evaluated based on brittleness index,fracture toughness,and fracability *** effectiveness of fracturing was analyzed combined with the oil testing curve after hydraulic *** results show that:(1)The distribution of oil-bearing formations in the studied area coincides well with stratum of higher fracability index.(2)The critical fracability index is determined to be 0.3,three formations are selected as fracturing candidates,and a thin mudstone interbed is identified in the oil-bearing formation.(3)Well testing curve verifies the reliability of the fracability evaluation method and the accuracy of the modified formula between dynamic and static mechanical *** study provides useful information for improving fracturing operations of tight oil and gas reservoirs.

关键词： Tight sandstone brittleness index Fracture toughness Fracability index

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Statistical distribution of geomechanical properties and‘Sweet Spots’identification in part of the upper Bakken

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Petroleum Research 2023年第3期8卷 301-308页

作者： Nelson R.K.Tatsipie James J.Sheng Texas Tech University United States

Completions and Reservoir Quality are two key attributes that are used to characterize nonconventional hydrocarbon *** is because,for optimum exploitation of these unconventional assets,horizontal wells need to be drilled in“Sweet Spots”(i.e.,regions where Completions and Reservoir Quality are both superior).One way to quantify these qualities is to use reservoir and geomechanical *** properties can be estimated on a location basis from well logs,and then mapped over terrain using geostatistical *** study presents a‘Sweet Spots’identification workflow based on three performance indexes(Storage Potential index,brittleness index,and Horizontal Stress index)that can be used to quantify CQ and *** performance indexes are computed from petrophysical property volumes(of Young's Modulus,Bulk Modulus,Shear Modulus,Poisson's Ratio,Minimum Horizontal Stress,Volume of Shale,Total Organic Carbon,Thickness,and Porosity)which are in turn computed from well logs and geostatistical *** the end,the study offers a method to compare the predicted“Sweet Spots”against available production data via their correlation *** resulting reasonable formation property maps,the successful identification of‘Sweet Spots’,and a correlation coefficient of 0.88(between the predicted“Sweet Spots”and well production data)point to the potential of the proposed effort.

关键词： Sweet spots Sequential Gaussian simulation Storage potential index brittleness index Horizontal stress index

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Mechanics and fracturing techniques of deep shale from the Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Yuanzhao Li Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co. LtdSINOPECChongqing408014China

Deep shale gas exploration and production in Fuling(Sichuan Basin,SW China)are confronted with hydraulic fracturing challenges owing to high stress,high fracture pressure,low pump rate and proppant concentration,as well as high closing pressure in deep *** study focused on the mechanical properties of shale core samples from Fuling through high-temperature triaxial rock mechanical tests and in-situ stress tests based on the Kessel effect of acoustic *** mechanical property var-iations with depth were delineated using brittleness index calculated via simulating different depths and different confining pressures for the *** results showed that several parameters of deep shale reservoirs,*** index,fracture density,performance of self-propping,and flow conductivity,are lower than that of shale reservoirs with moderate burial ***,the current operating pressure in deep shale reservoir stimulation should be taken full advantage of,rather than channeling the focus on the propagation of fracture *** objective is to increase the complexity of the near-hole fracture network for enhancing self-propping and flow conductivity of the *** can be achieved by reducing the number of perforation clusters and cluster spacing,adopting variable-rate fracturing,decreasing proppant size,increasing sand volume,and optimizing the fracturing parameters.A field application showed that,compared with the neighboring wells,the test well had larger drainage area,doubling the gas yield.

关键词： Deep strata Inefficient stimulation brittleness index Hydraulic fracturing Shale gas

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Experimental Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Cement Sheath under High-Temperature Conditions

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第3期18卷 689-699页

作者： Pei Zou Zhiqiang Huang Yian Tong Leichuan Tan Rui Li Kai Wei Deng Qiao Yangtze University Wuhan430199China Downhole Service Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd.Chengdu610052China Chuanxi Drilling Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd.Chengdu610051China China National Logging Corporation Southwest Branch Chongqing401147China China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074China

The sealing integrity of cement sheath in offshore wells is seriously threatened under high-temperature conditions,resulting in gas channeling and other *** the lack of experimental results,in this study relevant samples of a cement slurry sealing section of a typical offshore high-temperature well have been prepared and *** particular,the mechanical properties have been assessed with a triaxial pressure servo instrument and a high-temperature curing *** density and the Poisson’s ratio of the samples have also been *** stress-strain curve has been drawn to obtain the elastic modulus and the compressive *** rock brittleness index has been calculated according to the measured elastic modulus and the Poisson’s ratio,together with the brittleness and the compressibility of the cement *** test results show that the mechanical properties and bonding strength of the cement samples are optimal at 130°C,medium at 150°C,and poor at 180°C.

关键词： High-temperature wells cement sheath mechanical properties triaxial test brittleness index

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Influences of Polypropylene Fiber and SBR Polymer Latex on Abrasion Resistance of Cement Mortar

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2010年第4期25卷 624-627页

作者：徐方 Key Laboratory of Silicate Material Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Technology

Influences of polypropylene （PP） fiber and styrene-butadiene rubber （SBR） polymer latex on the strength performance, abrasion resistance of cement mortar were studied. The experimental results show that the flexural strength, brittleness index （σF/σC） and abrasion resistance can be improved significantly by the addition of PP fiber and SBR polymer latex. The relationship between the flexural strength and abrasion resistance was analyzed, showing a good linear relationship between them. The reinforced mechanism of PP fiber and SBR polymer latex on cement mortar was analyzed by some microscopic tests. The test results show that the addition of SBR polymer latex has no significant influence on the cement hydration after 7 d curing. Adding SBR polymer latex into cement mortar can form a polymer transition layer in the interfaces of PP fiber and cement hydrates, which improves the bonding properties between the PP fiber and cement mortar matrix effectively.

关键词： polypropylene fiber SBR polymer latex cement mortar brittleness index abrasion resistance

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Quantitative Evaluation of Rock Brittle Property Based on Energy Evolution and Its Application in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第6期35卷 2013-2029页

作者： Tao Wen Yankun Wang Huiming Tang School of Geosciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Complex Shale Oil and Gas Geology and Development in Southern ChinaYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Anhui Institute of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology Hefei230601China

brittleness is of great significance for evaluating the mechanical properties of the slope rock in reservoir area and revealing the brittle failure mechanism of the *** a series of definitions of the brittleness and evaluation methods of brittleness index have been proposed,there is still lack of a widely recognized and remarkable standards in these aspects due to the differences in diagenetic process,depositional environment and mineral *** previous methods to quantitively estimate the rock brittleness based on energy balance analysis are summarized,which neglect multiple influencing factors of the rock brittleness,such as the weight of pre-peak or post-peak mechanical behaviors on the prediction performance of the brittleness *** on the typical curves about stress and strain,the relationships between the brittle failure behaviors and the energy evolutions are comprehensively analyzed,then a new method for assessing the brittleness is *** on prepeak brittleness index to represent brittle property at pre-peak stage and post-peak brittleness index to determine brittle characteristic at post-peak stage,a new brittleness index is established by additive synthesis method in consideration of the weight of brittleness indexes before and after peak strength,and either of the two brittleness indexes can be punished or compensated by setting different parameter *** results indicate that the proposed brittleness index can represent the brittle change laws for different rock types whenα≤0.5,β≥*** evaluating the brittleness of the slope rock in Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)area,the results show that the rock brittleness in the slope affects the stability of the ***,the novel evaluation method can provide reliable results,and the proposed brittleness index considering the energy evolution can be applied to assess the brittle property in the reservoir bank project.

关键词： rocks brittleness index complete stress-strain curve deformation and failure energy evolution slope stability engineering geology

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