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Diversity and connectedness of brine shrimp viruses in global hypersaline ecosystems

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 188-203页

作者： Xuan Dong Cixiu Li Yiting Wang Tao Hu Fan Zhang Fanzeng Meng Meirong Gao Xuekai Han Guohao Wang Jiahao Qin Hans Nauwynck Edward CHolmes Patrick Sorgeloos Liying Sui Jie Huang Weifeng Shi State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesLaboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesLaoshan LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsQingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and BiosecurityQingdao 266071China Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan 250021China Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271000China Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023China Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China Ghent University Ghent 9000Belgium Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Bangkok 10900Thailand School of Public Health Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China

brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline *** a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded ***,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–*** total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related *** viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA *** analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and ***,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in *** addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern *** highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture *** broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.

关键词： brine shrimp Artemia virus diversity novel virus discovery global connectedness hypersaline ecosystem

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brine shrimp cytotoxic activities of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn leaves extracts

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第4期 322-325页

作者： Javid Ali Bashir Ahmad Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of PeshawarKPK-Pakistan PCSIR Laboratories Complex Jamrud RoadPeshawarKPK-Pakistan

Objective:To evaluate brine shrimp lethality assay of solvent extracts(aqueous,methanol,ethanol,acetone,ethyl acetate,chloroform and n-hexane)of Hippophae rhamnoides(***)***:brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the cytotoxic potential of *** leaves *** vials for concentration of each extract were made and 10 shrimps per vial(30 shrimps per dilution)were transferred to specific concentration of each ***:The mortality of aqueous extract was 46.7%,methanol extract was 46.7%,ethanolic extract was 50.0%,ethyl acetate was 26.7%,acetone extract was 33.3%,chloroform extract was 40.0%and n-hexane extract was 33.3%.The lowest LD50 was found in methanol extracts(1199.97μg/mL).brine shrimp cytotoxicity of tested extracts of *** showed that mortality rate was concentration ***:It is concluded that bioactive components are present in all leaves extracts of ***,which could be accounted for its pharmacological ***,the results support the uses of this plant species in traditional medicine.

关键词： Sea buckthorn leaves Solvent extracts brine shrimp Diseases Mortality

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Toxicity of Fusarium solani Strains on brine shrimp (Artemia salina)

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Zoological Research 2009年第4期30卷 468-472页

作者： Shagufta Hameed Viqar Sultana Jehan Ara Syed Ehteshamul-Haque Mohammad Athar Biotechnology and Drug Development Laboratory Department of Biochemistry University of Karachi Postharvest Technology Laboratory Department of Food Science & Technology University of Karachi Agricultural Biotechnology and Phytopathology Laboratory Department of Botany University of Karachi California Department of Food and Agriculture

Discovery of anticancer drugs that must kill or disable tumor cells in the presence of normal cells without undue toxicity is an extraordinary challenge. Cytotoxicity of plant or fungal materials is considered as the presence of antitumor compounds. brine shrimp lethality for larvae （nauplii） is used as prescreening test for the antitumor compounds. In this study, culture filtrates of eight strains of Fusarium solani isolated from seeds of various crops were tested for the toxic effect on brine shrimp. Five of the strains （TS, S-29, B-17, C-10, W-5） showed highest toxic effect and three of the strains （SR, T-9, L-25） showed low toxic activity on brine shrimp. Toxic activity reduced when culture filtrates were diluted. However, F. solani strains TS, B-17, SR, T-9 and L-25 caused more than 30% mortality at 1：10 dilution. Toxic activity was slightly reduced when the filtrates were neutralized with sodium hydroxide indicating possible role of pH of culture filtrate on toxicity. Lyophilized filtrates of these strains showed less activity as compared to un-lyophilized filtrates, n-Hexane soluble fraction was obtained only in three strains which showed mild toxicity whereas chloroform soluble fraction was obtained in negligible quantity and could not further be proceeded. Toxic effect of these strains showed variation from strain to strain. Compounds from F. solani could be exploited for the development of toxic compounds.

关键词： Fusarium solani strains Toxicity brine shrimp Compounds

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A Comparative Study on the Buoyancy of Resting Eggs from Different Artemia Populations, with Emphasis on Its Relationships with Habitat Salinity and Biometric Characters of Resting Eggs

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第6期21卷 1585-1596页

作者： ZHOU Jiaxuan HUANG Zhike GUO Yan SUN Shichun The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution&Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fisheries Research Institute Urumqi 830002China

The buoyancy of Artemia resting eggs is a feature with both biological and economic *** the buoyancy of resting eggs is dependent on the specific weight of the eggs or salinity of ambient water,we suppose that habitat salinity may exert a selection pressure on resting egg buoyancy,and thereby lower habitat salinity may result in better floating capacity of resting eggs and vice *** this study,we compared the floating capacity of resting eggs from 25 Artemia *** results showed that the floating capacity of resting eggs varied greatly among different *** minimum salinity to float some eggs varied from 0 to *** salinity at which all resting eggs floated varied from 80 to *** FS_(50)(salinity with 50%eggs floating)of Zhundong and Yuncheng population was not detectable(over 50%eggs floating in distilled water),that of Kyêbxang Co population was 4.3,while the maximum value found in Dabancheng population was *** terms of the‘apparent specific weight’of resting eggs,18 populations exhibited a single-peak distribution pattern,while the other 7 populations showed a multiple-peak or non-peak *** correlations were found between FS50 and chorion thickness,and between FS_(50) and the volume percentage of the chorion in eggs,supporting a previous standpoint that shell thickness was a determinative factor for the floating capacity of resting eggs.A positive correlation was determined between FS50 and habitat *** hypothesis that habitat salinity may cause a directional selection on the buoyancy of resting eggs seems to be true.

关键词： brine shrimp cyst floating capacity shell thickness

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Comparison of the Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana bioassays for toxicity of Indian medicinal plants

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第6期 453-457页

作者： Thangapandi Veni Thambusamy Pushpanathan Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Kamaraj CollegeThoothukudi-628003TamilnaduIndia Department of Zoology St.Xavier’s College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai-627002TamilnaduIndia

Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity gradients of petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,acetone,ethanol and *** extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic ***:In the brine shrimp lethality assay of all extracts,exception of acetone,ethanol and petroleum ether extracts Gmelina asiatica displayed 100%mortality at 1000μg/mL by Artemia salina and Artemia *** extract was the most potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC_(50)values by both assay ***:The results of the present study suggest the presence of photochemical possessing cytotoxic agents.

关键词： Artemia salina Cytotoxicity brine shrimp Indian medicinal plant

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In-vitro comparative study of cytotoxic and thrombolytic effects of methanolic extract of Cissus pentagona and Thunbergia grandiflora(Roxb.)leaves

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第9期 724-727页

作者： Mohammad Nazmul Alam MdShahrear Biozid MdRafikul Islam MdJainul Abedin Sudipta Chowdhury Department of Pharmacy International Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh

Objective:To compare cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of crude methanolic extract of Cissus pentagona(***)and Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.(***)***:The screening of cytotoxic activity was done by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay while the thrombolytic activity was evaluated by using the in vitro clot lysis *** brief,venous blood from five healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots which were weighed and treated with the tested plant materials to disrupt the *** of clot before and after treatment provided a percentage of clot lysis and the results with streptokinase as positive control and water as negative control were ***:Moderate cytotoxicity was found for both methanol extracts,and it was compared with the standard drug vincristine sulfate in the brine shrimp *** the present study,the LC50 values of the methanol crude extract of *** as well as *** and vincristine sulfate were 291.33,243.37 and 12.59μg/mL,*** thrombolytic study,it was found that *** and *** showed(24.27±2.61)%and(19.56±2.98)%of clot lysis,*** the herbs studied,*** showed very significant(Pbrine shrimp and promising thrombolytic activity in vitro when it is tested on human ***,further study is needed to evaluate its potential as a thrombolytic agent.

关键词： Cissus pentagona Thunbergia grandiflora Cytotoxicity Thrombolytic Streptokinase brine shrimp

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Bio-potency of Dictyota ciliata ***

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第9期 684-688页

作者： Kalaiarasi Velayutham Johnson Marimuthu Alias Antonysamy Narayani Mani Sivaraman Arumugam Janakiraman Narayanan Babu Anantham Centre for Plant Biotechnology Department of BotanySt.Xavier’s College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai-627002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To reveal the antibacterial,cytotoxicity,larvicidal potentials of Dictyota ciliata ***(***).Methods:Phytochemical,antibacterial screening,cytotoxicity and larvicidal properties of the *** extracts were carried out according to standard *** and larvicidal potentials were analyzed by means of computerized probit analysis ***:The phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids,alkaloids,phenolic groups,cardiac glycosides,flavonoids and tannins in the crude extracts of *** methanolic extracts of *** showed the highest metabolites presence compared to other tested *** antibacterial activity illustrated that the acetone extracts of *** exhibited the highest zone of inhibition[(10±0.2)mm]against Morganella *** larval mortality(50%)was observed in the crude methanolic extracts of *** against Culex quinquefasciatus(LC_(50)=202.82 mg/L and LC_(90) value is 488.52 mg/L).The result of brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed highest cytotoxicity in methanolic extracts of *** with LC_(50) and LC_(90) values at 340.14 mg/L and 555.58 mg/L ***:The results of the present phytochemical analysis and biological assays will help the manufacturers for identification and selection of raw materials for drug production.

关键词： Dictyota ciliata Larval mortality Morengilla morrgani Culex quinquefasciatus brine shrimp

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