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Effects of Flowering Mode and Pollinator Sharing on Reproductive Success in Natural Hybrid of Two Epimedium(Berberidaceae)Species

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 551-566页

作者： Lanying Chen Qiumei Quan Yunxiang Li College of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchong637000China School of Ecology and Environment Tibet UniversityLasha850000China College of Environment Science and Engineering China West Normal UniversityNanchong637000China

Mediated by pollenﬂow,natural hybridization is deemed a crucial factor that propels speciation inﬂoral plants.Despite the fact that the diversity of Epimedium species is concentrated mainly in Southwestern China,the poten-tial impact of interspeciﬁc pollination on natural hybridization has yet to be empirically scrutinized.To explore this,we studied theﬂowering period and the visitors ofﬂowers in three frequently overlapping Epimedium species at Jinchengshan National Forest Park,located in Nanchong,Sichuan Province.Additionally,we performed a ser-ies of pollination experiments to examine breeding systems and hybrid compatibility.Morphologically,Epime-dium pubescens and Epimedium wushanense are clearly distinct and easily recognizable byﬂower morphology,while the putative hybrid is morphologically intermediate between them.Our observation revealed that E.pub-escens and E.wushanense had 15 days of overlapping anthesis.Both species are self-incompatible and require pol-linator services for successful reproduction.Although their pollinators differ in quantity and species,Lasioglossum sp.(Hymenoptera:Halictidae)visited all three species.Artiﬁcial pollination revealed no breeding barriers among the three species,and the resulting hybrid seeds exhibited fertility.The overlapping time ofﬂowering,commonﬂoral visitors,and compatibility of hybrids may be important factors contributing to successful interspeciﬁc pol-lination and speciation for natural hybrid species of E.pubescens and E.wushanense.Consequently,the role of potential interspeciﬁc pollination is crucial for hybrid speciation and the evolutionary dynamics of Epimedium species.

关键词： breeding system ﬂoral visitor medicinal plant species evolution

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Floral display and breeding system of Jatropha curcas L.

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Forestry Studies in China 2007年第2期9卷 114-119页

作者： Luo Chang-wei Li Kun Chen You Sun Yong-yu Research Institute of Insect Resources Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650224 P. R. China Yunnan Provincial Forestry Vocational College Kunming 650224 P. R. China

Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction of plant populations. In this paper, we studied the reproduction characteristics of Jatropha curcas in Yuanjiang County （23°36＇1＇4, 101°00＇E）, Yunnan Province. The plant produces flowers in dichasial inflorescences. Normally, the flowers are unisexual, and male and female flowers are produced in the same inflorescence. Only a few male flowers are produced in an inflorescence, and fruits are produced only through pollination between different flowers from the same or different plants. By the treatments of emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination in this experiment, there were few but same fruit set ratios when the inflorescences were emasculated, bagged, or bagged with net, except artificial pollination treatments, which showed that Jatropha curcas could produce fruit through apomixis but not wind pollination. When the inflorescences were unbagged, unemasculated and with free pollination treatments, or bagged, emasculated and with artificial cross-pollination treatments, or unbagged, emasculated and with free pollination treatments, there were many fruits produced. It showed that Jatropha curcas shows outcrossing, is self-compatible, and demanding for pollinators. Normally, the male flowers open first and a few flowers bloom in one day in a raceme. These flowers last a long time in bloom. However, a large number of female flowers open from the third to the fifth day, with some female flowers opening first in a few raceme. This shows a tendency to promote xenogamy and minimize geitonogamy.

关键词： Jatropha curcas floral display breeding system outcrossing index pollen-ovule ratio

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Optimized Design of Intelligent Management and Analysis system for Broiler breeding Information

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2020年第2期12卷 8-11,14页

作者： Yang Chaowu Yu Chunlin Qiu Mohan Zhang Zenrong Hu Chenming Xiong Xia Yang Li Peng Han Xia Bo Chen Jialei Du Huarui Li Qingyun Jiang Xiaosong Sichuan Dahen Poultry breeding Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610066China Sichuan Animal Science Academy Chengdu 610066China Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and breeding Chengdu 610066China

For a long time,the management and analysis of broiler breeding information in China remain in the 1.0 era of manual recording,careless processing,non-standard analysis and non-standard filing,and lack of accurate and intelligent information management and analysis system,which limit the development of broiler breeding industry.Based on the actual needs of broiler breeding in China,the project team focused on the collection,management and analysis of broiler breeding information and successfully developed Intelligent Management and Analysis system for Broiler breeding Information.The system is the most complete management and analysis system of broiler breeding information in China,which is closely combined with practice.It has been successfully applied to broiler breeding by more than 10 breeding institutions in China,some of which are national-level core broiler breeding farms.The successful development and application of the system will effectively improve the efficiency of broiler breeding in China,narrow the gap between China and developed countries,open the 2.0 era of precise,intelligent and modular broiler breeding,and improve the core competitiveness of broiler breeding in China.

关键词： Broiler breeding information Data collection breeding system

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A study on floral syndrome and breeding system of Begonia fimbristipula hance in Dinghushan Mountain

A study on floral syndrome and breeding system of Begonia fi...

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从植物科学到农业发展——2012全国植物生物学大会

作者： Shao Ling~*,Chen Xiong-wei,Liang Guang-jian College of Life Science,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526061

By investigating on the specific field observation and breeding cultivation of an unique endangered plant(Begonia fimbristipula Hance) in Dinghushan Mountain,Guangdong Province,its cross-breeding index,pollen index and stigma fertilizing ability,the ratio of pollen and ovule,artificial pollination and bagging experiments were performed for understanding the flower feature,blossom dynamic and breeding system,in order to fully master its biological characteristics and provide the basic information on the species protection and nursing strategies.Results showed:The single plant florescence of B. fimbristipula is 25-30 d,while group plants florescence last to 45-55 d.The flowers are monoecious setting on a trigeminal-like,divergence cyme.Male and female flowers mature at different time,the stamens mature earlier than pistils,and the distance between anther and stigma is 2.09±0.43 cm.The blooming pattern follows male-female-male;female flowers lag 2-3 days than male ones.The cross-breeding index(OCI) is 4 or 5,Pollen-ovule ratio(P/O) is 96.Taking the results of the bagging and artificial pollination experiment together,it indicates that B.fimbristipula flower is a mixed-crossing system using self-compatibility as the main breeding form.The specific dependence on its living environment and the long term of small gregarious self-compatibility might be one of the reasons causing this species in endangered;"bulb" is an effective compensation for its reproduction.

关键词： Begonia fimbristipula Hance floral syndrome breeding system crossing-breeding index self-compatibility

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Pollination ecology and breeding system of Dysosma pleiantha (Berberidaceae), a rare endemic plant from China

Pollination ecology and breeding system of Dysosma pleiantha...

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生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十...

作者： Guan Bicai Cai Qiying Liu Yizhen Ge Gang College of Life Science and Food engineering Nanchang University

Dysosma pleiantha (Berberidaceae) is an rare and endemic species in China. Knowledge of both pollination biology and breeding systems of rare and endangered species is crucial to our understanding of the causes of rarity and for successful management and recovery programs of rare plant taxa. In this abstract, we reported the breeding system, flowering phenology and pollinator activity of the species distributed in Tianmu Mountain (Zhejiang Province) nature reserves. The species was in flower from early April to late May with a peak in the middle of the April. The anthesis of an intact inflorescence was about 16 to 23 days with 8 to 11 days blossom of an individual flower. On average, the number of pollen grains and ovules per flower was 870 236 and 46, respectively. Accordingly, the pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) was high, having an average of 18 898.7. The field observation found that pollen transfer in this species was mainly performed by Hydrotaea chalcogaster (Muscidae). The mean visitation rate for flies (H. chalcogaster) in TM natural reserves was 0.43 ± 0.03 (mean ± SE) (visit/flower/hour) and the difference in fly visitation frequency among subpopulations was not significant (F 3, 8 = 0.567, P = 0.652). The index of self-incompatibility calculated was 0.03, suggesting that D. pleiantha is mostly self-incompatible.Controlled pollination experiments showed that the mean fruit set (%) under the natural condition (17.1%) was markedly lower than that of manual cross-pollination (75.6%). The results indicated D. pleiantha was obligate xenogamy and self-incompatible, and sexual reproduction was pollinator-dependent. It was concluded that pollen-limitation and mate limitation were responsible for the low fruit set of D. pleiantha in the field. The fact that at least some fruits developed in D. pleiantha after geitonogamous hand-pollination (ca. 2.4%) interestingly shows that self-incompatibility may break down in D. pleiantha. The genetic mechanisms and physiological changes in the pollen or stigma could be responsible

关键词： breeding system Dysosma pleiantha Pollinator Self-incompatible.

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Floral biology, breeding system and pollination ecology of an endangered tree Tetracentron sinense Oliv. (Trochodendraceae)

Floral biology, breeding system and pollination ecology of a...

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生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十...

作者： Xiaohong Gan Lingling Cao Xia Zhang Huaichun Li College of Life Science China West Normal University Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Library of China West Normal University

In order to explore the endangered factors related to pollination, and to provide important information for its conservation, the floral biology, breeding system and pollination ecology of T. sinense in Dafengding Natural Reserve were investigated. T. sinense usually flowers by the beginning of June, and the flowering period of the population is about two months, and the florescence of florets lasted for 15 to 24 days with delicate fragrance, and fruiting period for about 3 months. The flowering dynamic of a single flower could be divided into the folowing stages: flower buds with closed sepals, sepals opening, style elongating and reflexing, the elongation of bilateral stamens, the dehiscence of bilateral anthers, the elongation of upper and lower stamens, dehiscence of bilateral anthers, the termination. During anthesis, the recurved styles were gradually positioned lower than the anthers, and the stigmas have receptivity during the whole period of anthesis. The pollen/ovule ratio is 720±28, and the outcrossing index is three. Controlled pollination experiment showed that T. sinense is self-compatible, and outbreeding fertile, with no indication of agamospermy. The germination rate of seed from xenogamy and control treatment is better than that from autogamy treatment. The occurrence of natural pollination both by wind and insects indicates T. sinense isambophilous and the maintenance of ambophily in T. sinense may attribute to the decrease of population density. Insect pollinators were predominantly represented by Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. Syrphid fly and bees were the main effective pollinators. The results suggested that T. sinense exhibits a mixed-mating system with outcrossing and self-pollination. In the natural population, the space between scattered individuals of T. sinense is usually bigger, and its flowering period is just coincident with the rainy season, which may have negative effect on the outcrossing (wind- and insect-pollination). Thus, the successful reproduction for T. sinense may

关键词： Floral biology breeding system Pollination Tetracentron sinense Oliv. Natural regeneration.

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Pollination Biology of the Endangered Herbal Medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum(Orchidaceae)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第7期92卷 1975-1986页

作者： Kai Luo Yanbing Bai Yan Jiang Guiling Li Min Jia Yongguo He Zhijun Yao Ziwei Xiao Xiaoqiong Liu Wenjie Liu Shanshan Yin Zesheng Li Medicinal Plant Research Center Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of YunnanRuili678600China Human Resources Management Office The People’s Hospital of XiangyunXiangyun672100China

Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation,pollinator observation and artificial pollination experiments.Populations of D.chrysotoxum with fragrance and nectar were pollinated by Ctenoplectra davidi Valhalla(Hymenoptera:Apidae)species.The floral structure of D.chrysotoxum adapted precisely to its pollinators.Flowers had a low capsule setting(0.17%)under natural conditions.However,compared to open pollination,artificial pollination experiments showed a significant increase in capsule setting,and D.chrysotoxum was cross-compatible and self-compatible,but there was pollinator limitation also.This study will provide important information for the preservation of this endangered species.

关键词： breeding system Dendrobium chrysotoxum pollination pollination biology

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Floral characteristics and pollination ecology of Manglietia ventii(Magnoliaceae),a plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP)endemic to South Yunnan of China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 52-59页

作者： Bin Wang Gao Chen Congren Li Weibang Sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204YunnanChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Manglietia ventii is a highly endangered plant species endemic to Yunnan province in China, where there are only five known small populations. Despite abundant flowering there is very low fruit and seed set,and very few seedlings in natural populations, indicating problems with reproduction. The causes of low fecundity in M. ventii are not known, largely because of insufficient knowledge of the species pollination ecology and breeding system. We conducted observations and pollination experiments, and analyzed floral scents to understand the pollinatoreplant interactions and the role of floral scent in this relationship, as well as the species breeding system. Like the majority of Magnoliaceae, M. ventii has protogynous and nocturnal flowers that emit a strong fragrance over two consecutive evenings. There is a closing period(the pre-staminate stage) during the process of anthesis of a flower, and we characterize the key flowering process as an "open-close-reopen" flowering rhythm with five distinct floral stages observed throughout the floral period of this species: pre-pistillate, pistillate, pre-staminate, staminate,and post-staminate. Flowers are in the pistillate stage during the first night of anthesis and enter the staminate stage the next night. During anthesis, floral scent emission occurs in the pistillate and staminate stages. The effective pollinators were weevils(Sitophilus sp.) and beetles(Anomala sp.), while the role of Rove beetles(Aleochara sp.) and thrips(Thrips sp.) in pollination of M. ventii appears to be minor or absent. The major chemical compounds of the floral scents were Limonene, b-Pinene, a-Pinene, 1,8-Cineole, Methyl-2-methylbutyrate, p-Cymene, Methyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate and 2-Methoxy-2-methyl-3-buten, and the relative proportions of these compounds varied between the pistillate and staminate stages. Production of these chemicals coincided with flower visitation by weevils and beetles.The results of pollination experiments suggest that M. ventii is pollinator-dependent, and low seed s

关键词： Floral scent Weevil Beetle Pollination breeding system Conservation

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Floral traits and pollination system of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum in the managed and wild populations in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第4期7卷 488-500页

作者： CHEN Min ZHAO Xueyong ZUO Xiao'an LIAN Jie ZHU Yangchun Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which belongs to Sarcozygium of Zygophyllaceae, is one of the ecologically important species in Northwest China. In order to understand the pollination system of Z. xanthoxylum, we investigated the following characteristics of this species in the Urat Desert-grassland Research Station in western Inner Mongolia of China： flowering dynamics, pollen viability, pollen limitation, floral visitors and breeding system. The results showed that the flowering period and flowering peak were different between the wild and managed popula- tions, being longer in the managed population. Z. xanthoxylum was pollen-limited, and pollen limitation was more intense in the wild population than in the managed population. Chalicodoma deserticola （Hymenoptera） was found to be the most frequent pollinator in the wild population, while Anthophora fulvitarsis （Hymenoptera） was the most frequent and effective visitor in the managed population. Out-crossing was dominant in the breeding system and self-pollination just played an assistant role to assure the reproduction of Z. xanthoxylum.

关键词： Zygophyllum xanthoxylum pollination pollen limitation floral visitor fruit set seed set breeding system

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Parentage analysis in Gabonese colonies of soil-feeding termites belonging to the Cubitermes sp. affinis subarquatus complex of species （Termitidae＂ Termitinae）

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 84-90页

作者： Virginie Roy Lise Dupont Myriam Harry Unite Mixte de Recherche 7618 Bioemco Universite Paris 12-Val de Mame 61 avenue du Gen6ral de Gaulle 94010 Creteil cedex Laboratoire Evolution Genomes et Speciation UPRg034 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 91198 Gif sur YvetteFrance

Cubitermes spp. are widely distributed soil-feeding termite species in sub- Saharan Africa which play a fundamental role in soil structure and fertility. A complex of at least four cryptic species （i.e., Cubitermes sp. affunis subarquatus complex of species） has been recently described using molecular markers. In order to investigate the breeding system of these species, five microsatellite markers were used to carry out parentage and re- latedness analyses in 15 Gabonese colonies. Monogamy was confirmed as the predominant reproductive organization in Cubitermes spp. （76% of the colonies）. Within 30% of these monogamous colonies, a high relatedness between reproductives was shown, suggesting that mating between related individuals occurs. However, Cubitermes colonies can deviate from monogamy. Indeed, parental contributions by at least two related reproductives of the same sex were revealed in four colonies and polyandry was demonstrated in two of them. Infiltration of reproductives in the colony is the most plausible explanation for such cases of polygamy in Cubitermes spp.

关键词： breeding system Cubitermes spp. microsatellite markers monogamy soil- feeding termites

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