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Macroecological Patterns of Climatic Niche breadth Variation in Lacertid Lizards

Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第1期10卷 41-47页

作者： Mengchao FANG Xiaming ZHU Yu DU Lin ZHANG Longhui LIN Hangzhou Key Lab for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hainan Key Lab for Herpetological Research College of Fisheries and Life Science Hainan Tropical Ocean University

Measuring climatic niche position and breadth may help to determine where species can occur over space and time. Using GIS-based and phylogenetic comparative methods, we investigated global patterns of variation in climatic niche breadth in lacertid lizards to test the following three hypotheses about climatic niche widths. First, does a species' temperature or precipitation niche breadth relate to its temperature or precipitation niche position(the mean value of annual mean temperature or annual precipitation across sampled localities in the range of each species)? Second, are there trade-offs between a species' temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth? Third, does a species' temperature or precipitation niche breadth relate to altitude or latitude? We expect that:(1) species distributed in cold regions are specialized for low-temperature environments(i.e. narrow niche breadth center around low temperatures);(2) a negative relationship between species niche breadth on temperature and precipitation axes according to the tradeoff hypothesis(i.e. species that tolerate a broad range of precipitation regimes cannot also tolerate a broad range of temperatures);(3) precipitation niche breadth decreases with altitude or latitude, whereas temperature climatic niche breadth increases with altitude or latitude. Based on the analytical results we found that:(1) temperature niche breadth and position are negatively related, while precipitation niche breadth and position are positively related;(2) there is no trade-off between temperature and precipitation niche breadths; and (3) temperature niche breadth and latitude/altitude are positively related, but precipitation niche breadth and latitude/altitude are not significantly related. Our results show many similarities with previous studies on climatic niche widths reported for amphibians and lizards, which provide further evidence that such macroecological patterns of variation in climatic niche breadths may be

关键词： Macroecological pattern climatic niche breadth climatic niche position Lacertidae

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Gain of transcription factor binding sites is associated to changes in the expression signature of human brain and testis and is correlated to genes with higher expression breadth

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 526-534页

作者： Vandeclécio Lira da Silva André Mauricio Ribeiro dos Santos Wilfredo Blanco Sandro José de Souza Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM) Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Department of Computer Science Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) Brain Institute Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)

The gain of transcription factor binding sites(TFBS) is believed to represent one of the major causes of biological *** we used strategies based on comparative genomics to identify 21,822 TFBS specific to the human lineage(TFBS-HS),when compared to chimpanzee and gorilla genomes. More than 40%(9,206) of these TFBS-HS are in the vicinity of 1,283 genes.A comparison of the expression pattern of these genes and the corresponding orthologs in chimpanzee and gorilla identified genes differentially expressed in human tissues. These genes show a more divergent expression pattern in the human testis and brain, suggesting a role for positive selection in the fixation of TFBS gains. Genes associated with TFBS-HS were enriched in gene ontology categories related to transcriptional regulation, signaling, differentiation/development and nervous ***, genes associated with TFBS-HS present a higher expression breadth when compared to genes in general. This biased distribution is due to a preferential gain of TFBS in genes with higher expression breadth rather than a shift in the expression pattern after the gain of TFBS.

关键词： TFBS transcript factor human evolution expression breadth

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Network Defense Methodology: A Comparison of Defense in Depth and Defense in breadth

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Journal of Information Security 2013年第3期4卷 144-149页

作者： Lance Cleghorn School of Information Technology and Computer Science East Carolina University Greenville USA

The defense in depth methodology was popularized in the early 2000’s amid growing concerns for information security;this paper will address the shortcomings of early implementations. In the last two years, many supporters of the defense in depth security methodology have changed their allegiance to an offshoot method dubbed the defense in breadth methodology. A substantial portion of this paper’s body will be devoted to comparing real-world usage scenarios and discussing the flaws in each method. A major goal of this publication will be to assist readers in selecting a method that will best benefit their personal environment. Scenarios certainly exist where one method may be clearly favored;this article will help identify the factors that make one method a clear choice over another. This paper will strive not only to highlight key strengths and weaknesses for the two strategies listed, but also provide the evaluation techniques necessary for readers to apply to other popular methodologies in order to make the most appropriate personal determinations.

关键词： Defense in Depth Defense in breadth Network Defense Security Architecture Defense Methodology Information Assurance

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Diet breadth variation and trophic plasticity behavior of the African bonytongue <i>Heterotis niloticus</i>(Cuvier, 1829) in the SôRiver-Lake Hlan aquatic system (Benin, West Africa): Implications for species conservation and aquaculture development

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Natural Science 2013年第12期5卷 1219-1229页

作者： Alphonse Adite Adam Gbankoto Ibrahim Imorou Toko Emile Didier Fiogbe Département de Physiologie Animale Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey- Calavi Cotonou Bénin Faculté d’Agronomie Université de Parakou (UNIPAR) Parakou Bénin PRECOB Unité de Recherches sur les Zones Humides Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

The African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Pisces: Osteoglossidae), is an omnivore foraging mainly on aquatic insects, microcrustacea, seeds and detritus. We examined the diet breadth and the trophic plasticity behavior of this species (1461 specimens) in the S? River and Lake Hlan water system located in the southern Benin (West Africa). Overall, the mean diet breadths of the two populations of Heterotis from both habitats were not significantly (p ≥ 0.05) different and were not associated with seasons. However, in Lake Hlan, mean diet breadths tended to increase with size (r = 0.81) and gut length (r = 0.82) indicating that bonytongues ingest a broader range of food resources as they grow. In both habitats, the positive correlation of both standard length (Log SL) and gut length (Log GL) with the volumetric proportions of detritus and with the volumetric proportions of seeds suggests that the consumption of these two food resources increased with the size of Heterotis and with the development of the digestive tract. Likewise, the negative correlation of both (Log SL) and (Log GL) with the volumetric proportions of aquatic insects and with the volumetric proportions of microcrustacea suggests that the consumption of these two food categories decreased as the size and the gut length of Heterotis increased. The differences in the consumption of microcrustacea (13.77% in Lake Hlan versus 2.63% in S? River) and mollusks (0.73% in Lake Hlan versus 4.91% in S? River) evidenced that Heterotis shifts his trophic structure according to resource availlability in the habitat. This foraging behavior suggests a degree of trophic plasticity in Heterotis. The specialized morphological structure of Heterotis, mainly the presence of a relatively high number of gill rakers (42 - 94 rakers on the first branchial arch) during its whole life, allowing sieving of zooplankton and other microcrustacea, and the presence of the gizzard favored this trophic plasticity. The broader diet bre

关键词： African Bonytongues Aquaculture Conservation Diet breadth Foraging Behavior Gill Raker Omnivore Trophic Plasticity

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BRI Develops in Depth and breadth

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China Today 2019年第5期68卷 2-2页

作者： HOU RUILI 不详

The Second Belt and Road Forum of International Cooperation was held in Beijing in late April. Thousands of representatives from more than 100 countries around the world discussed new strategies for achieving high-qua... 详细信息

关键词： BRI Develops Depth breadth

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Global, regional, and cladistic patterns of variation in climatic niche breadths in terrestrial elapid snakes

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 1-9页

作者： Long-Hui Lin Xia-Ming Zhu Yu Du Meng-Chao Fang Xiang Ji Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310036 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China Hainan Key Laboratory for Herpetology College of Tropical Biology and Agronomy Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572022 China

We obtai ned geo-refere need occurre nee and climatic data from in dividual localities for 59 species of terrestrial elapid snakes, used phylogenetic generalized least squares regression to investigate spatial and cladistic patter ns of variation in climatic niche breadths, and compared patter ns within and across regions and clades to see if they parallel or differ from each other. Specifically, we test (1) whether a species' climatic niche breadth on a given niche axis relates to its position along that axis, and to its climatic niche breadth on another niche axis, and (2) whether variation in niche breadths among species is explained by within-locality variation in climatic conditions or by among-locality variation. We found that:(1) there is an overall global patter n, and patter ns in individual regi ons or clades gen erally parallel each other and global patter ns;(2) species in wanner environments have narrower temperature niche breadths (TNBs);(3) precipitation niche breadth (PNB) and position are positively related;⑷ TNB and PNB are not related;and ⑸ within-locality variation in climatic conditions explains most variation in TNBs, whereas among-locality variation explains most variation in PNBs. Our results are consistent with those reported for lizards of the families Phrynosomatidae and Varanidae, con firm the importance of withi n-locality n iche breadth to species n iche breadth, and show a more im porta nt role of amon g-locality n iche breadth in affecting species niche breadth in terrestrial elapids than in lizards.

关键词： climate Elapidae niche breadth niche position niche variance precipitation temperature

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Numerical Simulation of Fluid Resonance in a Moonpool by Twin Rectangular Hulls with Various Configurations and Heaving Amplitudes

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第3期16卷 422-436页

作者： JIANG Shengchao TANG Peng ZOU Li LIU Zhen School of Naval Architecture State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial EquipmentDalian University of Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore College of Ocean Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime University School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology

Fluid resonance in a moonpool formed by two identical rectangular hulls during in-phase heaving motion is investigated by employing a two-dimensional numerical wave flume based on OpenFOAM package with Re-Normalization Group(RNG) turbulent model. The focus of the study is to examine the influence of heaving frequency and amplitude with various moonpool configurations on fluid resonant behavior. It is found that the resonant frequency of wave response in moonpool tends to decrease with the increase of moonpool breadth and hulls draft. The decrease of resonant amplitude can be observed for large moonpool breadth. The influence of hulls draft on resonant amplitude is not remarkable, especially for large heaving amplitude. The increase in heaving amplitude results in the decrease of relative resonant amplitude in an approximate power function, implying a complicated dependence of the resonant amplitude on heaving amplitude. Flow patterns in the vicinity of the moonpool are also analyzed, mainly regarding the dependence on the heaving frequency. The negligible influence of vortices on the wave response in moonpool is expected for low-frequency excitation because it is hard to observe the vortex structures. Intensive vortical flow and vortex structure can be identified under resonant condition, which gives rise to significant dissipation and accounts for the smaller relative resonant amplitude in moonpool. As for high-frequency excitation, the vortex motion is rather weak and dissipates rapidly, leading to insignificant effect on wave response amplitude.

关键词： fluid resonance moonpool heave motion breadth draft OpenFOAM

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Sex,size,and prey caloric value affect diet specialization and consumption of an invasive prey by a native predator

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 499-507页

作者： Lauren E.HOSTERT Lauren M.PINTOR James E.BYERS School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Odum School of Ecology University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

Escaping the control of natural enemies is thought to heavily influence the establishment success and impact of non-native ***,we examined how the profitability of alternative prey in combination with the presence of a competitor and predator aggressive behavior explain individual differences in diet specialization and the consumption of the invasive green porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus by the native mud crab predator Panopeus *** from bomb calorimetry estimates show that invasive *** has high caloric value relative to alternative native *** assays indicated that specialization and consumption of invasive *** was mostly exhibited by large,female ***,but the presence of a competitor and predator aggressiveness did not influence diet and the consumption of ***,intrinsic factors(e.g.,sex and body size)seem to explain consumption of *** ar\6 dietary specialization in ***,more *** there are still many predator individuals that do not consume ***,the proportion of individuals that have begun to specialize on *** suggests that for some,it has become more profitable relative to alternative native *** the high caloric value of ***,we suggest that it is likely that differences in the cost of its consumption,including attack,capture,and handling times relative to alternative prey,determine its net profitability to individual predators.

关键词： diet breadth optimal foraging theory enemy escape hypothesis competition aggressive behavior

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Hydrodynamic and trophic variations reshape macroinvertebrate food webs in urban ecosystems

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第6期22卷 314-326页

作者： Xiongdong Zhou Congcong Wang Giri Kattel Jiahao Zhang Mengzhen Xu Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of Infrastructure Engineering University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing400074China

Urbanization is modifying aquatic ecosystems,with hydrodynamic and trophic variations altering biotic assemblages in rapidly expanding cities *** the fundamental bioenergetic role of food webs within these assemblages,their responding mechanism to the hydrodynamic and trophic variations remains largely *** we show that hydrodynamic and trophic loss,coupled with the weakening of cascade controls by key trophic guilds,leads to a significant decline in the structure,function and stability of macroinvertebrate food *** the allometric diet breadth model and biomass balance model,we established representative food webs for macroinvertebrate groups under varying hydrodynamic and trophic *** found that such losses have reduced∼75%trophic guild richness,∼85%biomass flux,and∼80%biomass *** reductions promote trophic guild specialization,further destabilizing food web,eroding interactive strength asymmetry,and diminishing the control of trophic ***,macroinvertebrate food webs show divergent stability responses under similar stress levels,mainly driven by differences in the cascade controls exerted by key trophic *** results underscore the critical role of hydrodynamic and trophic variations in shaping urban aquatic ecosystems and highlight the significance of both external environmental revitalization and internal food web dynamics enhancement in restoring the ecological stability in urban settings.

关键词： UrbanizationAllometric diet breadth modelBiomass balance modelTrophic complexityTrophic stability

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Quality control of the peer-review process by Forensic Sciences Research

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第1期5卷 87-88页

作者： Shiying Li Editorial Office of Forensic Sciences Research Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service PlatformAcademy of Forensic ScienceShanghaiChina

With the rapid development of interdisciplinary studies in recent decades,science and technology has achieved both greater breadth and greater spe-cialization,and the number of manuscripts pub-lished annually has incr... 详细信息

关键词： annually Forensic breadth

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