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Protection of branched-chain Amino Acids Against Ischemic Myocardial Injury in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1999年第1期12卷 62-65页

作者： LIAI－LING GAOLAN－XING InstituteofHygieneandEnuironmentalMedicine Tianjin300050 InstituteofHygieneandEnuironmentalMedicine T

The protective effects of branched-chain Amino Acids (BCAA) on ischemic myocardium in rats were studied. Thirty Wistar rats (15 female and 15 male) were rmdomly divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Group A: control; group B: isoproternol (ISO); group C: ISO + BCAA. The rats in groups A and B received normal synthetic rat chow while those in group C received BCAA as supplement. After two weeks of dietery treatment, the rats in group A were injected with salinewhile those of groups B and C were injected with ISO which induced acute ischemic myocardial in-jury. After 4 days of injections with either saline or ISO, the rats were sacrified. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), α-hydroxybutyrate dehy-drogenase (a-HBDH), creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase (PK) in the serum and in the my-ocardium, and the concentrations of potassium (K+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ), calcium (Ca2+ ) in themyocardium were measured. The results showed that the activities of LDH, GOT, α-HBDH, CK,PK in the serum and in the myocardium were significantly increased in group B. In addition, the concentraions of Ca2+ in the myocardium were significantly increased. However, the concentraions of Mg2+ in the myocardium were substantially decreased while those of K+ in group B were slighily lowered. In the group C animals both the activities of LDH, α-HBDH, PK, CK in the serum and the activities of LDH, GOT, α-HBDH, CK in the mycardium were sighficandy lower than those of the rats in group B, and were not sighficantly different from those of the control group. More signif-icant was the concentrations of Ca2+ in the myocardium of the rats in group C were compeble to those of the control rats but were significantIy lower than those of the rats in group B. It appeared that BCAA was effectively blocking the increase of Ca2+ in the myocardium without talsing the levelof Mg2+. It was concluded that dietary supplement with BCAA provided some protective effects

关键词： Amino Acids branched-chain Animals Aspartate Aminotransferases Creatine Kinase Female Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase L-Lactate Dehydrogenase Male Myocardial Ischemia Pyruvate Kinase Rats Rats Wistar

branched-chain/aromatic amino acids as integrated biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Medical Data Mining 2020年第1期3卷 10-21页

作者： Jiang-Lan Long Zhi-Rui Yang Long Wang Yu-Mei Han Can Yan Dan Yan Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100038China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu611130China Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Beijing Physical Examination Center Beijing100077China Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou510006China

Background:As type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)biomarkers,branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs:valine,leucine and isoleucine)and aromatic amino acids(AAAs:phenylalanine,tryptophan and tyrosine)may be correlated with the occurrence and development of ***,there is still no consensus on the disperse and isolated biomarkers of ***:To explore the correlation between amino acids and T2DM based on integrated biomarker approach ***:PubMed,Web of Science and CNKI were selected to search the literature published until August 31,*** included studies described the association between BCAAs,AAAs and *** effect model and fixed effect model were adopted in pooled analysis to determine mean difference and 95 percent confidence interval of *** biomarker was constructed in form of concentration change ratios or risk ratio(RR),relative risk(HR)and odds ratio(OR)of BCAAs and AAAs to reflect the integrated change information of amino ***:The selected 20 studies contained 14942 healthy individuals and 3615 T2DM *** levels of BCAAs,phenylalanine and tyrosine both in plasma and serum samples were increased among all T2DM patients compared with those of the healthy control subjects(P<0.00001).However,the mean difference of tryptophan concentration was not statistically significant(P=0.60).The concentration change ratios or HR/RR/OR of BCAAs and AAAs were connected to form integrated ***:The integrated biomarker including BCAAs and AAAs could reflect the basic characteristics of T2DM,which has the potential clinical value on comprehensive diagnosis of T2DM.

关键词： branched-chain amino acids Aromatic amino acids Type 2 diabetes mellitus Integrated biomarker Meta-analysis

Effects of L-carnitine and branched-chain Amino Acids on Energy Metabolism,Body Composition,and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness after Exercise in Healthy Subjects

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Journal of Nutritional Oncology 2018年第1期3卷 25-33页

作者： Yoichi Sakurai Yumi Hasegawa Yuka Kurosaka Hideyuki Nanba Satoshi Odo Department of Ecology Wayo Women’s University Graduate SchoolChibaJapan Department of Surgery Chiba-ken Saiseikai Narashino HospitalChibaJapan Department of Clinical Nutrition Matsudo Municipal HospitalChibaJapan College of Science and Technology Nihon University Lonza Japan Ltd TokyoJapan

Background Specific nutrients combined with exercise may prevent a loss of lean body mass and consequently prevent *** examined the effects of 2 weeks of supplementation with L-carnitine and a single dose of branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)on energy metabolism and body composition before and after exercise and on post-exercise muscle soreness in healthy *** A total of 12 young,untrained,healthy women were randomly assigned to two groups who received either 2 weeks of supplementation with L-carnitine(1000 mg/day)and a single dose of BCAAs plus 200 kcal energy(LCAR+BCAA group,n=6)or 200 kcal energy alone(control group,n=6)before 60 min of *** substrate metabolism and body composition by bio-impedance were examined before and after ***-onset muscle soreness(DOMS)was evaluated by using a visual analogue scale for 3 days after *** Serum concentrations of free and acyl-L-carnitine in the LCAR+BCAA group were not significantly different from those in the control *** were no significant differences in body composition before or after exercise between the two *** serum free fatty acid levels 120 min after the oral ingestion of BCAAs were significantly lower in the LCAR+BCAA group than in the control group,there were no significant differences in serum free fatty acid levels immediately after and 60 min after *** for 3 days after exercise was lower in the LCAR+BCAA group than in the control group,but this difference was not *** Continuous supplementation with L-carnitine combined with a dose of BCAAs in young,untrained,healthy subjects caused a blunted response of stimulated lipolysis after exercise.

关键词： Sarcopenia L-carnitine branched-chain amino acids Exercise Oxidative stress Delayed-onset muscle soreness

Herbicide-Resistant Mutations in Acetolactate Synthase Can Reduce Feedback Inhibition and Lead to Accumulation of branched-chain Amino Acids

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 522-528页

作者： Masaki Endo Tsutomu Shimizu Tamaki Fujimori Shuichi Yanagisawa Seiichi Toki Department of Applied Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Life Science Research Institute Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. Shizuoka Japan Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit Agrogenomics Research Center National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba Japan

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine and isoleucine are essential amino acids that are critical for animal growth and development. Animals need to obtain BCAAs from their diet because they cannot synthesize them. Plants are the ultimate source of these amino acids. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of BCAAs. The metabolic control of BCAA biosynthesis involves allosteric regulation of ALS by the end-products of the pathway, i.e., valine, leucine and isoleucine. ALS holoenzyme seems to consist of two large catalytic subunits and two small regulatory subunits. In a previous study, using homologous recombination dependent gene targeting we created rice plants in which W548Land S627I mutations were induced into the endogenous gene encoding the ALS catalytic subunit. These two amino acid substitutions conferred hypertolerance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide bispyripac-sodium. In this study, we revealed that feedback regulation by valine and leucine was reduced by these two amino acid substitutions. Furthermore, in leaves and seeds of ALS mutants with W548Land/or S627I substitution, a 2- to 3-fold increase in BCAAs was detected. Our results suggest that the ALS catalytic subunit is also involved in feedback regulation of ALS, and that judicious modification of the regulatory and catalytic subunits of ALS-coding genes by gene targeting can lead to the efficient accumulation of BCAA in plants.

关键词： Rice Acetolactate Synthase Herbicide-Resistance branched-chain Amino Acids

Effect of Chronic Supplementation of branched chain Amino Acids on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Trained Athletes

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Journal of Sports Science 2017年第5期5卷 265-273页

作者： Shweta Shenoy Mrinal Dhawan Jaspal Singh Sandhu Department of Sports Medicine & Physiotherapy Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India

PURPOSE： branched chain Amino Acids （BCAA） has been considered an important nutritional strategy to improve skeletal muscle protein turnover in many conditions especially following exercise induced muscle damage. Exercise induced muscle damage （EIMD）, a phenomenon impairs muscle function and hampers athletic performance. The effects of consumption of BCAA for a chronic period （4 weeks） on EIMD in trained athletic population have never been explored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic consumption （4 weeks） of BCAA on indices of muscle damage elicited via a bout of damaging exercise in trained athletes. METHODS： Twenty trained males （20 road cyclists） aged 18-28 years were randomly assigned to two groups （BCAA and Placebo）（n = 10）. The damaging exercise consisted of 100 consecutive drop-jumps. Biochemical markers including creatine kinase （CK）, high sensitivity c reactive protein （hs-cRP） and myeloperoxidase （MPO）, isometric knee muscle strength, muscle soreness, aerobic capacity （WO2max） and heart rate （HR） were measured. RESULTS： Differences were observed in pre-and post-supplementation periods among all the participants with mean height and weight values of 168.57 （4.5） cm and 61.74 （4.55） kg respectively as calculated by the anthropologist randomly allocated to the two groups in all tested parameters indicating the effectiveness of BCAA in attenuating muscle damage and enhancing muscle recovery with chronic consumption when compared to placebo, however in contrast to our expectations based on symptoms and our clinical judgment during the study statistically significant difference （P 〈 0.05） were noticed with biochemical indices only. CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that chronic BCAA supplementation proved to be an effective meansof reducing muscle damage, enhancing muscle protein synthesis and recovery following EIMD as compared to placebo in well trained athletic population.

关键词： Amino acids branched-chain exercise creatine kinase C-reactive protein muscle damage.

Explosive limits and its container factors of polybasic explosive mixture gas containing H_2,CH_4 and CO

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Science China Chemistry 2002年第1期45卷 30-36页

作者：胡耀元李勇朱凯汉周邦智杨元法 1. Physical Chemistry Research Institute Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China 2. Department of Chemistry Qinghai Normal University 810008 Xining China

Explosive characteristics of polybasic explosive mixture gas are systematically researched. Over 28000 experimental data have been obtained from 1278 effective experiments. The paper probes into the concentration explosive limits and the container factors of polybasic explosive mixture gas which contains H2, CH4 and CO. It has worked out the sufficient and necessary condition for branch-chain explosion and the unified expression of the probability of the heterogeneous chain termination. Experiments indicate that the concentration explosive limits of polybasic explosive mixture gas (H2, CH4, CO) relate to many factors. They enlarge with the augmentability of the container (linear size, geometric shape, and flame spread direction). This will be of great significance to guiding the revision of related industrial safety targets, reclaiming and reusing related industrial tail gas and waste gas, taking precautions against the explosion hazard of mixture gas in correlated industry and mines, and applying the branch chain burning and branch chain explosion into practice.

关键词： branched-chain explosion heterogeneous chain termination concentration explosive limit container factor.

Supportive therapies for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and preservation of liver function

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第32期22卷 7252-7263页

作者： Taro Takami Takahiro Yamasaki Issei Saeki Toshihiko Matsumoto Yutaka Suehiro Isao Sakaida Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world and is associated with a high risk of recurrence. The development of a wide range of new therapies is therefore essential. In this study, from the perspective of supportive therapy for the prevention of HCC recurrence and preservation of liver function in HCC patients, we surveyed a variety of different therapeutic agents. We show that branched chain amino acids(BCAA) supplementation and late evening snack with BCAA, strategies that address issues of protein-energy malnutrition, are important for liver cirrhotic patients with HCC. For chemoprevention of HCC recurrence, we show that viral control after radical treatment is important. We also reviewed the therapeutic potential of antiviral drugs, sorafenib, peretinoin, iron chelators. Sorafenib is a kinase inhibitor and a standard therapy in the treatment of advanced HCC. Peretinoin is a vitamin A-like molecule that targets the retinoid nuclear receptor to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in HCC cells. Iron chelators, such as deferoxamine and deferasirox, act to prevent cancer cell growth. These chelators may have potential as combination therapies in conjunction with peretinoin. Finally, we review the potential inhibitory effect of bone marrow cells on hepatocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cirrhosis branched-chain amino acids Late evening snack Iron chelators Bone marrow cells

Chemoprevention of obesity-related liver carcinogenesis by using pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 394-406页

作者： Hiroyasu Sakai Yohei Shirakami Masahito Shimizu Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine

Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are serious health problems worldwide,and lead to various healthrelated complications,including *** human cancers,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies affected by ***,obesity and its related disorders might be a key target for the prevention of ***,new research indicates that the molecular abnormalities associated with obesity,including insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia,chronic inflammation,adipokine imbalance,and oxidative stress,are possible molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesityrelated *** tea catechins and branched-chain amino acids,both of which are classified as nutraceutical agents,have been reported to prevent obesity-related HCC development by improving metabolic *** administration of acyclic retinoid,a pharmaceutical agent,reduced the incidence of HCC in obese and diabetic mice,and was also associated with improvements in insulin resistance and chronic *** this article,we review the detailed molecular mechanisms that link obesity to the development of HCC in obese *** also summarize recent evidence from experimental and clinical studies using either nutraceutical or pharmaceutical agents,and suggest that nutraceutical and pharmaceutical approaches targeting metabolic abnormalities might be a promising strategy to prevent the development of obesity-related HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Obesity Greentea catechins branched-chain amino acids Acyclicretinoid