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A method for automatically translating print books into electronic braille books

Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第7期59卷 129-142页

作者： Taekeun PARK Jungil JUNG Jinsoo CHO Department of Applied Computer Engineering Dankook University Department of IT Convergence Engineering Gachon University Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University

In this paper, a method for automatically translating scanned images from print books into electronic braille books is proposed with the objective of reducing the amount of time and cost required for producing braille books. The proposed method consists of processes for identifying character and image areas in a scanned image, automatically translating characters and images into braille and tactile graphics, respectively, and positioning braille and tactile graphics into an electronic braille page. Experimental results show that the proposed method drastically reduces the time required to translate a print book into an electronic braille book. Despite the drastic reduction in translation time, the method proposed in this paper does not compromise the ability to recognize information for the visually impaired compared to manually produced braille books, demonstrating its feasibility in practical applications. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to significantly reduce the time and cost required for producing braille books, and provide more reading materials for the visually impaired,making significant contributions to enhancing their knowledge and welfare.

关键词： braille tactile graphic electronic braille book automatic translation the visually impaired

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braille

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语言教育 1994年第2期 55-56页

作者：翟苑艺

Louis braille was born in *** he was three,he was struck in theeye with a sharp *** became completely *** wanted to learn,but inhis small town there was no school to teach *** that time,most blind peopledidn’t become... 详细信息

关键词： teach blind wanted sharp braille Paris 五气 Passage raised

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The Design and Development of a Multi-Lingual braille System Output Device with Audio Enhancement

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第5期6卷 289-295页

作者： Michel J. Owayjan Taimour Z. Wehbe Elie Y. Bou Daher Omran A. Ayoub Department of Computer and Communications Engineering American University of Science & Technology Beirut Lebanon

Visually impaired people face difficulties in interacting and gaining full advantage of computers. Recently, and with the fast evolution in technology, researchers proposed to give the blinds the ability to take advantage of these advancements. Accordingly, designers and engineers started working on projects that relate input and output devices to the computers in order for the blind individual to have full control of the hi-tech machines. However, investments in these kinds of hardware presented complexity in the design, in addition to the high cost imposed by the devices used. The project’s objective is to design and develop a Multi-Lingual braille System Output Device for the visually impaired individuals that enable them to access and read texts from a computer. The device acquires both English or Arabic texts and displays them using controlled piezoelectric braille cells. It also has the ability to produce a sound that matches the displayed characters. The control of the cells is done via Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller. The interaction between the device and the computer is done through the Universal Serial Bus (USB). C# is the language used to write the program responsible for controlling this interaction. The continuous development of such devices is essential for the visually impaired to keep up with the technological advancements. The main advantages of this system are its low cost, the added multi-lingual, and the audio features. In addition, many features can be added so as to satisfy the users’ needs, such as adding new languages and Grade 2 braille System.

关键词： Assistive Technologies braille Devices Computer Peripheral Parts Low-Vision Aiding Systems Rehabilitation Engineering

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On the Legal Status of Sign Language and braille in China:Development Process and Institutional Evolution

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The Journal of Human Rights 2021年第5期20卷 875-895页

作者：冯泽华 NIU Huizi(Translated) Law School of Guangdong University of Finance and Economics the Law School of Wuhan University 不详

on the 30^(th)anniversary of the implementation of the Law of the people’s Republic of China on the protection of persons with Disabilities,re-examining the standardization of sign language and braille will help implement the 14^(th)Five-Year plan and further improve the protection system for the rights and interests of persons with *** the perspective of regulation,conception and cultivation,it is necessary to clarify the legal status of sign language and braille in China,accelerate the development of education,and heighten the awareness of rights *** sign language and braille either as a part of the standard national spoken and written language or as a supplementary language can both reaffirm their actual status in the practice of language and script standardization,but the actual needs of the promotion and use of sign language and braille have not yet been *** when the two are clearly defined as being forms of the standard national spoken and written language can their legal status be fundamentally consolidated,and a systematic structure for the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities be *** order to determine the legal status of the two as being forms of the standard national language,a three-level system of“legal foundation-legislative implementation-system support”should be put in place,so as to form a synergy for the promotion of national standard sign language and braille.

关键词： sign language braille people with disabilities national standard language legal status

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*** the facilitators and barriers encountered by adults and seniors with acquired vision loss who pursue braille training

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Annals of Eye Science 2019年第1期 206-206页

作者： Natalie Martiniello Walter Wittich School of Optometry University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada RIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontrealQCCanada

Background:As the prevalence of age-related vision loss continues to increase,vision rehabilitation practitioners will encounter a growing number of older adults who experience reading-related *** may be considered as an alternative to sight enhancement options for clients with progressive or significant visual ***,little is known about the impact of aging on braille reading *** goal of this research was to explore the experiences of older adults with acquired vision loss who have learned braille later in life,and to better understand the facilitators and barriers encountered throughout this ***:Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone with 14 participants from across Canada(age 40-72,Mdn=55.5,7 female).All participants learned braille in adulthood(starting age 33-60,Mdn=46.5).Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and later analyzed by two independent researchers based on the phenomenological method of ***:Personal,social and environmental factors were shown to influence the braille-learning *** particular,prior learning experiences(both positive and negative)were shown to impact both the decision to learn braille and participant training *** highlighted the importance of perceived support from family and friends,and reactions towards braille from the general public posed a barrier to those still adjusting to vision *** also highlighted the value of knowing others who learned braille later in ***,a reoccurring environmental barrier that emerged was the perceived response from rehabilitation practitioners who believed that clients should not or could not learn braille due to their age,as well as the lack of available resources to facilitate ***:Results highlight the need to explore the influence of stereotypes associated with aging,blindness and braille,and the degree to which this may impact opportunities for

关键词： braille aging rehabilitation blindness vision loss

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