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Parameters Affecting Energy Consumption for Producing High Carbon Ferromanganese in a Closed Submerged Arc Furnace

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2014年第7期21卷 666-672页

作者： Azza Ahmed Hossam Halfa Mohamed K.El-Fawakhry Hoda El-Faramawy Mamdouh Eissa Steel Technology Metallurgical Research and Development Institute

The power consumption is considered to be the most important factor affecting the production cost of fer romanganese alloy. Different parameters affecting the energy consumption for industrial production of high carbon ferromanganese HCFeMn were investigated in a closed submerged arc furnace. The analysis of industrial data revealed that the most energy consumed factors were the direct reduction by solid carbon, boudouard reaction, metal and slag formation, and decomposition of fluxing materials （limestone and dolomite）. To reduce the energy con- sumption and minimize the energy losses in the production process of HCFeMn, it was recommended to use Mn blend with minimum Mn to Fe ratio of 6 and lower SiO2 content or higher basicity. The added coke must be adjusted according to the material balance to prevent the over-coke and to minimize the highly endothermic ＂boudouard reac tion＂. In addition, it was recommended to work at basic slags with the ratio of （CaO＋MgO） to Si（）2 equal to 1.0- 1.2 instead of much higher slag basicity. Furthermore, the mass losses had to be minimized through adjusting the handling and charging process and to take care of all metal produced.

关键词： high carbon ferromanganese production energy consumption carbonate decomposition boudouard reaction slag basicity energy loss

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Overcoming coke formation in high-temperature CO_(2)electrolysis

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第12期43卷 2938-2945页

作者： Tongbao Wang Guangtai Han Ziyun Wang Yuhang Wang Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina School of Chemical Sciences University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand

High-temperature CO_(2)reduction reaction(HT-CO_(2)RR)in solid oxide electrochemical cells(SOECs)features near-unity selectivity,high energy efficiency,and industrial relevant current density for the production of CO,a widely-utilized“building block”in today’s chemical ***,it offers an intriguing and promising means to radically change the way of chemical manufacturing and achieve carbon neutrality using renewable energy sources,CO_(2),and *** with the great potential of HT-CO_(2)RR,this carbon utilization approach,unfortunately,has been suffering coke formation that is seriously detrimental to its energy efficiency and operating *** recent years,much effort has been added to understanding the mechanism of coke formation,managing reaction conditions to mitigate coke formation,and devising coke-formation-free electrode *** investigations have substantially advanced the HT-CO_(2)RR toward a practical industrial technology,but the resulting coke formation prevention strategies compromise activity and energy *** research may target exploiting the control over both catalyst design and system design to gain selectivity,energy efficiency,and stability ***,this perspective overviews the progress of research on coke formation in HT-CO_(2)RR,and elaborates on possible future directions that may accelerate its practical implementation at a large scale.

关键词： High-temperature CO_(2)electroreduction Solid oxide electrochemical cell Coke formation boudouard reaction Stability

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