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botanicals and plant strengtheners for potato and tomato cultivation in Africa

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 406-427页

作者： Tewodros MULUGETA Jean-Baptiste MUHINYUZA Reinette GOUWS-MEYER Lerato MATSAUNYANE Erik ANDREASSON Erik ALEXANDERSSON Department of Zoological Sciences Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Biology Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine(UR-CAVM)Busogo CampusUniversity of RwandaMusanze 210Rwanda Department of Crop Sciences Tshwane University of TechnologyPretoria 0183South Africa Department of Plant Breeding Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental PlantsPretoria 0001South Africa Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU)Alnarp SE-23053Sweden

This review provides a summary of botanicals and plant strengtheners that have potential uses for disease and pest management in potato and tomato cultivation in *** discuss their possible use to prevent major diseases and pests which infest potato and tomato,such as early and late blight,bacterial wilt,potato tuber moth,and tomato *** are several examples of the successful uses of botanicals for pathogen and pest control relevant for different African climatic conditions;however,most of these studies have been conducted in vitro and often lack field *** strengtheners(substances that induce and improve crop resistance,yield,and quality)are little studied and used in Africa in comparison to North America and *** possible benefits of using botanicals and plant strengtheners instead of conventional pesticides are discussed here in relation to human health and the environment as well as their modes of action and accessibility to *** of knowledge of the composition and active ingredients of extracts,environmental concerns,uncertainties regarding stability and formulation,lack of legislation and limited support from governments,hamper the development of botanicals and plant strengtheners for use in sustainable African agriculture.

关键词： African agriculture botanicals crop protection pathogen plant strengtheners pesticide pests diseases potato tomato

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Self-medication with nutritional supplements and herbal over-the-counter products

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2011年第2期1卷 62-70页

作者： Tolga EICHHORN Henry Johannes GRETEN Thomas EFFERTH Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityStaudinger Weg 555128 MainzGermany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Karlsruher Straße 1269126 HeidelbergGermanyand Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoPortugal

In recent years,the popularity increased for nutritional supplements and herbal *** drugs,but not herbal therapies are paid by health *** are sold over-the-counter(OTC)on the patients’own ***,there are potential risks of self-medication,*** self-diagnosis,severe adverse reactions,dangerous drug interactions,risk of addiction *** are often used by patients at their own discretion without knowledge of and control by their *** users are at risk of *** medications taken by older patients increase the risk for adverse drug reactions,drug-drug interactions,and compliance problems for this age group(polypharmacy).Herbals should be discontinued prior to operations to avoid interactions with anesthetics or *** preparations may also be carcinogenic or interfere with cancer *** women use various OTC ***,in many cases,it is unclear whether their use is safe for mother or ***-medication with herbals is also largely distributed among anxious and depressive patients,and patients with other conditions and *** popularity of herbal products has also brought concerns on quality,efficacy and *** of botanical misidentification,contaminations with heavy metals,pesticides,radioactivity,organic solvents,microbials as well as adulteration with chemical drugs necessitate the establishment of international quality control *** effects have been reported for more than 300 plant species,and some commonly used herbs have been demonstrated to interact with Western *** care professionals have a critical responsibility assessing the self-care ability of their *** are available for pharmacists with information on action,side effects and toxicities as well as herbdrug *** is a need for established guidelines regarding the correct use of nutritional supplements and herbal OTC pre

关键词： botanicals contamination complementary and alternative medicine drug interactions geriatric gynecology insomnia hepatotoxicity menopause nephrotoxicity over-the-counter pain phase I/II enzymes pharmacognosy pharmacovigilance phyto-chemicals phytotherapy phytovigilance quality control

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Evaluation of Insecticidal Potential of Capsicum chinense Jacq. and Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. Against Trogoderma granarium Everts(Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Groundnut

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2015年第3期22卷 16-22页

作者： Musa A K Adeyemi A A Department of Crop Protection University of Ilorin

The insecticidal potential of seed powders of Capsicum chinense Jacq. （Solanaceae） and Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. （Zingiberaceae） was tested against Trogoderma granarium （Coleoptera： Dermestidae） in the laboratory at （28±2）℃ and 70%± 5% relative humidity. The seed powders were tested at the rates of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% （w/w） of groundnut seeds replicated three times. At the highest rate of treatment, C. chinense caused 56.7% and 76.8% larval mortality at 3 and 7 days post treatment （DPT） respectively while A. melegueta exerted 53.4% and 73.8% larval mortality at 3 and 7 DPT, respectively. Results showed that insecticidal potential of the seed powders against adult mortality of T. granarium and seed damage followed similar trend. The various rates of C. chinense seed powder performed better than .4. melegueta seed powder in causing larval and adult mortality and in reducing seed damage. The activity of the seed powders on mortality of the insect, seed weight loss and seed damage were exposure time and rate dependent. A significant reduction （p〈0.05） in seed weight loss and seed damage was recorded among the treatments and maximum reduction was observed in the seeds treated with the highest rate of C. chinense seed powder. Percentage seed damage significantly （p〈0.05） decreased with increase in the rate of treatment while the highest seed weight loss and seed damage were obtained in the control. The study showed that C. chinense seed powder had higher activity against the test insect pest than .4. melegueta seed powder. The two seed powders had high bio-activity against the insect and therefore could be used in formulating environment friendly plant-derived insecticide.

关键词： botanicals dermestid beetle seed damage seed protection

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Ecofriendly Management of Wheat Panicle Blast Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1751-1765页

作者： A. A. Meshuk F. M. Aminuzzaman M. R. Islam K. Nahar A. Sharmin Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Dhaka Bangladesh

In this study, three wheat varieties were tested to determine seed germination and the incidence of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT). Among these varieties, BARI Gom 24 (Prodip) wheat seed exhibited the highest seed germination rate (93%) but also had the highest incidence (30%) of MoT. To manage blast disease in an ecofriendly manner, seven treatments were employed: T1 = Control, T2 = Garlic clove extracts, T3 = Aloe vera leaf extracts, T4 = Black cumin seed extracts, T5 = Neem leaf extracts, T6 = Nativo 75 WG, and T7 = Provax 200 WP. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) layout with three replications using Prodip wheat variety that exhibited highest MoT infection severity based on laboratory analysis among collected varieties. Data were collected on blast disease incidence (%), disease severity, and various growth and yield parameters of wheat. The experiment’s results indicated that among all the treatments, T7 (Seed treatment with Provax 200 WP) and T5 (Foliar spraying with Neem leaf extract) performed better in controlling blast disease in wheat. The lowest blast disease incidence (%) was observed with T7 (Provax 200 WP), with values of 7.86, 9.86, and 10.19 recorded during the milking stage, soft dough stage, and hard dough stage of wheat, respectively. T5 (Neem leaf extract) also demonstrated a statistically equivalent reduction in blast disease incidence (%). In terms of disease severity, T7 (Seed treatment with Provax 200 WP) showed the lowest values of 1.03, 1.23, and 1.63 during the milking stage, soft dough stage, and hard dough stage of wheat, respectively. Foliar spraying with neem leaf extract also exhibited similar result as of Provax 200 WP regarding panicle blast severity. As a result of these findings, it can be concluded that T5 (Neem leaf extract) is recommended as

关键词： Wheat Panicle Blast Magnaporthe oryzae triticum botanicals Management

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Management of Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Nutritional Indices and Botanical Extracts of Millettia ferrugineaand Azadirachta indica

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Advances in Entomology 2018年第4期6卷 235-255页

作者： Tarekegn Fite Tadele Tefera Mulugeta Negeri Tebekew Damte Waktole Sori International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology(ICIPE) NairobiKenya Department of Plant Sciences College of Agriculture and Veterinary ScienceAmbo UniversityAmboEthiopia Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center PulsesOil Fibre Crops Research TeamEthiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchDebre ZeitEthiopia Departement of Plant Science Jimma University College of Agricultural and Veterinary MedicineJimmaEthiopia

The development of hosts that are resistant and evaluation of botanical extracts to H. armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is crucial for sustainable management, yet very limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was done to identify alternative methods to insecticide control through host consumption study and botanical extracts. The performance of third-fifth larval stages of H. armigera on three host plant varieties including chickpea, tomato and faba bean and botanical extracts against the third larval instars and oviposition deterrence was studied under laboratory condition (22°C ± 2°C, 55% ± 5% RH, 12:12 L: D photoperiod). Significant differences were found in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI%) (F = 80.06;df = 6, 2;p H. armigera reared on the three host plant varieties of the whole larval instars. The minimum relative consumption rate (RCR) (11.271 ± 0.328) and maximum approximate digestibility (AD) (177.9 ± 1.928) values of the whole larval instars were on Dagaga and Koshari, respectively. The values of relative growth rate (RGR), ECI% and ECD% of the whole larval instars were highest on chickpea varieties and lowest on tomato Koshari. Among chickpea varieties, Habru was relatively resistant to larval instars of H. armigera. Botanical extracts at 50% neem oil (NO), 5% birbira seed extract (BSE) and 5% neem seed extract (NSE) (18.4%) resulted superior in larval mortality however, statistically not different. At both 5% and 2.5% concentration level of botanical extracts the minimum larval mortality was recorded from neem leaf extract (NLE). Maximum numbers of eggs were laid on control treatments and the minimum eggs were on 5% BSE. The deterrent effect of 50% neem oil was stronger (ODI = 17.66%) than that of 5% BSE (ODI = 14%) which is statistically similar value with 5% NSE (ODI = 13%). In conclusion, the result indicated that use of Habru chickpea variety with 50% NO was very effective in controlling both the larvae and deterring the ad

关键词： Antibiosis botanicals Insect Food Consumption IPM Oviposition

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Assessment of Constraints to the Adoption of Technologies Promoted by the Integrated Pest Management Training Program in Cotton-Based Cropping Systems in Western Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2018年第2期6卷 148-159页

作者： Souleymane Nacro Karim Sama Programme de GIPD s/c FAO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Our study was conducted from August 2008 to March 2009 in the Houet province, western Burkina Faso. It consisted in the assessment of the constraints to the adoption by cotton growers of technologies promoted by the IPM program through Farmers’ Field Schools in cotton-cereals-livestock systems. We did so by surveying a sample of 185 farmers trained in IPM and by describing farmers’ practices before and after the training in IPM. The results showed that the average dose of organic manure, NPK and urea used by famers after their training were respectively 3.8 tons/ha, 163 kg/ha and 65 kg /ha as compared with 2.4 tons/ha, 140 kg/ha and 51 kg/ha before the training. Regarding the use of pesticides, 94.6% of farmers used protection equipment during the sprayings after the training against 21.6% of them before the training. However, the average number of sprays did not vary significantly. It was 6 before the training and only 5 after. The botanical pesticides were used by 31% of farmers after the training as compared with 0% of users before the training in IPM. The training did not affect much crop yields. The constraints identified and classified according to their relative importance included the lack of agricultural equipment, and animals for ploughing, difficulties in inputs access, labor shortage, the lack of organic manure, and marketing problems. These technical, social and economic constraints have been analyzed and recommendations have been made to work them out.

关键词： IPM Cotton-Cereals-Livestock Production Systems botanicals Farmers’ Field Schools Constraints

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Efficacy of Plant Extracts on Morphology and Cultural Characteristics of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Causing Black Point Disease of Wheat in Bangladesh

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1162-1179页

作者： Dilruba Yesmin Md. Abul Kalam Azad F. M. Aminuzzaman Md. Monirul Islam Institute of Environmental Science University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh

Black point of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) is very destructive disease of wheat in Bangladesh and all over the world. The symptoms of diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana can vary depending on the host plant and environmental conditions. The conidia of Bs germinate from two poles, which differ physiologically as indicated by the rate, growth character, of length, breadth and number of septa on different media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected plant extracts on the morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana causing black point disease in wheat crops in Bangladesh. The efficacy of fifteen plant extracts on the growth and characteristics of Bs was conducted in vitro in 2019-2020. The treatments were: Untreated control, T1—Black berry Leaves, T2—Guava Leaves, T3—Lantena camera leaves, T4—Eucalyptus Leaves, T5— Turmeric Leaves, T6—Khoksha Leaves, T7—Papaya leaves, T8-Gurlic Bulb, T9—Chili dust, T10—Nigella seeds, T11—Turmeric dust, T12—Cloves, T13— Bohera fruits, T14—Black pepper and T15—Neem leaves. After 15 days of inoculation of Bipolaris sorokiniana, colony color and shapes were Gerrish blackish, greenish blackish, greyish blackish and shapes were round or irregular. In our study, conidia color was dark brown to light brown, conidiophore color was brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark olivaceous, light brown and conidia shapes were elliptical, oblong or slightly curved. The septation of conidia was 2 - 5 and highest septation was seen in T4 and T14 treatments. The highest conidial length was 17.79 μm recorded in T2 treatment and lowest was 6.62 μm T9 treatment where conidial breath was 8.27 μm in control and lowest was 3.79 μm in T8 treatment. Mycelial growth rate of Bi

关键词： Bipolaris sorokiniana Black Point botanicals Wheat

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Management of Fusarium anthophilum(Pathogen of Cereals and White Yams)Using Different Measures

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Journal of Botanical Research 2022年第4期4卷 12-20页

作者： Ndifon Elias Mjaika Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike PMB 1010 AbakalikiNigeria

Fusarium species(including Fusarium anthophilum)have many insidious effects on mankind,animals,and *** attack may lead to diseases or spoilage,and the production of *** study was conducted to find solutions to the infections by *** sub-trials(botanical,chemical and biocontrol sub-trials)were set up using completely randomized design,and each treatment was replicated *** percentage inhibition of *** in the botanicals-alone subtrial(i.e.,Eucalyptus,Euphorbia,Andrographis,and Melaleuca spp.)at 50%and 100%concentrations ranged from 20%to 100%.At 72,120,and 168 HAI(hours after inoculation),Eucalyptus(all concentrations)controlled the pathogen significantly more,followed by Melaleuca(all concentrations).All the botanicals(at both concentrations)controlled Fusarium *** more compared to the *** on the second sub-trial:the best synthetic fungicide+Trichoderma harzianum treatment was Mancozeb100%,and the percentage inhibition by these combined chemical+biocontrol treatments ranged from 28%to 50%.Mancozeb100%,followed by Metalaxyl+Cu(I)O 100%produced the highest *** chemical treatments were significantly different compared to the control(120 hours after inoculation).Based on the third subtrial:the best Botanical+*** treatment was Alligator pepper100%followed by Tumeric100%.The percentage inhibition of Fusarium *** these treatments ranged from 28%to 70%.Alligator pepper100%followed by Tumeric100%,then Tumeric50%,and Eucalyptus100%…were significantly different compared to the *** different agents was effective in controlling the ***,lower percentage inhibitions were *** research on integrating the control agents is being admonished.

关键词： Biocontrol botanicals Fusariosis Mycotoxins Pesticides Plant extracts Trichoderma species Wilt

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