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MRI analysis and clinical significance of lower extremity muscle cross-sectional area after spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 714-722页

作者： Robert M.Lester Kori Johnson Refka E.Khalil Rehan Khan Ashraf S.Gorgey Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Radiology Service Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) Richmond VA USA

Shortly after spinal cord injury（SCI）, the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with increased immobility, predisposes persons with SCI to rapid and severe loss in bone mineral density and other health related consequences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of measuring thigh muscle cross-sectional area, however, measuring the size and composition of muscles of the lower leg may provide insights on how to decrease the risk of various comorbidities. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the methodological approach to manually trace and measure the muscles of the lower leg in individuals with SCI, using magnetic resonance imaging. We also intend to highlight the significance of analyzing lower leg muscle cross-sectional area and its relationship to musculoskeletal and vascular systems in persons with SCI.

关键词： spinal cord injury magnetic resonance imaging pressure ulcers venous thromboembolism cardiovascular disease bone health

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The Effect of the Paleo Diet on People Suffering from Osteoporosis (Review Paper)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 899-904页

作者： Sanabhi Gupta Premier International IB Continuum School Kathmandu Nepal

Osteoporosis is a disease that decreases bone mass and increases bone porosity, weakening bones. The Paleo diet is an eating plan that imitates the dietary patterns of the Stone Age. It excludes grains, dairy, and processed foods and emphasizes feeding on lean meats, fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Consumption of the Paleo diet has many positive sides, such as high protein intake and weight loss. Still, excluding dairy products risks calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, which are crucial for bone health. Statistics and simulations that have explored the relationship between the Paleo diet and bone health (especially for people suffering from low bone density) show mixed outcomes on bone health.). While the consumer does get lots of benefits from fruit and vegetable intake in a large sum due to them containing nutrients like magnesium, potassium, and vitamin K (which are also necessary for bone health), the lack of dairy products (gives the maximum amount of calcium and vitamin D) raises concerns about maintaining adequate bone mineral density (BMD). More information on this topic shows the negative impact of this diet on people suffering from osteoporosis due to a lack of nutrient intake that nourishes the bone. Although the Paleo diet can enhance overall health through nutrient-dense foods and reduced processed intake, it can’t be said the same for people suffering from osteoporosis.

关键词： Osteoporosis Paleo Diet bone Density Calcium and Vitamin D Deficiency bone health Nutrient Deficiency Dietary Patterns bone Mineral Density (BMD) Nutritional Imbalance

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Effect of caffeine on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats

Effect of caffeine on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in ra...

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中国生物工程学会第十三届学术年会暨2019年全国生物技术大会

作者：李今 Huanhuan Xu Titi Liu Xuanjun Wang Jun Sheng 云南农业大学 Tea Research Center of Yunnan College of Food Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science Ministry of Education Yunnan Agricultural University College of Science Yunnan Agricultural University State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan

Caffeine(1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a naturally occurring plant xanthine alkaloid present in many commonly consumed beverages worldwide, including tea, coffee, and cocoa. Although moderate caffeine intake is generally considered to exert positive effects on human health, its effect on bone metabolism remains controversial. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the pharmacological effect of long-term administration of caffeine on ovariectomy-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in female rats. A sham operation or ovariectomy was performed to establish the ovariectomy rat model. The ovariectomized(OVX) rats were divided into five subgroups: OVX with vehicle(model), OVX with raloxifene hydrochloride(RLX, positive control;4 mg/kg body weight/day), and OVX with low-, medium-, and high-dose caffeine(9.6, 19.2, and 38.4 mg/kg of body weight/day, respectively). Their corresponding treatments were administered intragastrically for 13 weeks. In-vivo studies showed that treatment with caffeine effectively improved the lipid profiles and increased the concentration of calcium in the serum of OVX rats. Medium-or high-dose treatment with caffeine significantly decreased the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases in OVX rats. In addition, treatment with caffeine(at any dose) did not adversely affect organ weights, organ coefficients, femoral length, bone mineral density, biomechanical properties, or bone microarchitecture in OVX rats. Collectively, our study demonstrated that caffeine did not exert a damaging effect on the skeletal system of OVX rats.

关键词： Caffeine Ovariectomy Postmenopausal osteoporosis Skeletal system bone health

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