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Esports players,got muscle?Competitive video game players’physical activity,body fat,bone mineral content,and muscle mass in comparison to matched controls

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 725-730页

作者： Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue William G.Werner Peter C.Douris Hallie Zwibel Department of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine(NYIT-COM)Old WestburyNY 11568USA Center for Sports Medicine NYIT-COMOld WestburyNY 11568USA Department of Physical Therapy NYITOld WestburyNY 11568USA Department of Family Medicine NYIT-COMOld WestburyNY 11568USA

Background:Esports players,like traditional athletes,practice for long hours and,thus,are vulnerable to the negative health effects of prolonged *** is a lack of research on the physical activity and the health ramifications of prolonged sitting by competitive *** purpose of this study was to investigate activity levels,body mass index(BMI),and body composition in collegiate esports players as compared to agematched ***:Twenty-four male collegiate esports players and non-esports players between 18 and 25 years of age signed a written consent to *** activity was examined using daily activity(step count)with a wrist-worn activity tracker.A questionnaire assessing physical activity was also *** outcomes included body-fat percentage,lean-body mass,BMI,and bone mineral content measured using dual X-ray ***:The step count in the esports players was significantly lower than the age-matched controls(6040.2±3028.6 vs.12843.8±5661.1;p=0.004).Esports players exhibited greater body-fat percentage(p=0.05),less lean body mass(p=0.003),and less bone mineral content(p=0.03),despite no difference in BMI between the esports and non-esports ***:As compared to non-esports players,collegiate esports players were significantly less active and had a higher body-fat percentage,with lower lean body mass and bone mineral *** BMIs showed no difference between the 2 *** athletes displayed significantly less activity and poor body composition,which are all correlated with potential health issues and risk of *** did not capture this difference and should not be considered as an accurate measure of health in competitive esports players.

关键词： body composition body mass index Gaming

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Selection of diet for culture of juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第2期30卷 231-236页

作者：彭士明施兆鸿尹飞孙鹏王建钢 East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance.

关键词： silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) diet growth digestive enzyme body composition

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Androgen effects on skeletal muscle： implications for the development and management of frailty

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 203-212,I0007,I0008页

作者： Matthew DL O'Connell Frederick CW Wu The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing Department of Medical Gerontology Trinity College Dublin Ireland Andmlogy Research Unit Institute of Human Development Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes University of Manchester Manchester UK.

Androgens have potent anabolic effects on skeletal muscle and decline with age in parallel to losses in muscle mass and strength. This loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, is the central event in development of frailty, the vulnerable health status that presages adverse outcomes and rapid functional decline in older adults. The potential role of falling androgen levels in the development of frailty and their utility as function promoting therapies in older men has therefore attracted considerable attention. This review summarizes current concepts and definitions in muscle ageing, sarcopenia and frailty, and evaluates recent developments in the study of androgens and frailty. Current evidence from observational and interventional studies strongly supports an effect of androgens on muscle mass in ageing men, but effects on muscle strength and particularly physical function have been less clear. Androgen treatment has been generally well-tolerated in studies of older men, but concerns remain over higher dose treatments and use in populations with high cardiovascular risk. The first trials of selective androgen receptor modulators （SARMs） suggest similar effects on muscle mass and function to traditional androgen therapies in older adults. Important future directions include the use of these agents in combination with exercise training to promote functional ability across different populations of older adults, as well as more focus on the relationships between concurrent changes in hormone levels, body composition and physical function in observational studies.

关键词： ageing androgens body composition frailty muscle physical function sarcopenia selective androgen receptor modulators sex hormones testosterone

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Effects of sex on fat deposition through gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 100-109页

作者： Linfang Yao Bo Wang Yu Wang Jie Bai Yiming Gao Xintong Ru Chongpeng Bi Jianping Li Anshan Shan College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University

Nitrogen pollution resulting from excessive feed consumption poses a significant challenge for modern swine production. Precision nutrition technology seems to be an effective way to solve this problem;therefore, understanding the law of pig body composition deposition is a prerequisite. This study investigated the sex effects on growth performance, body composition, nutrient deposition, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in weaned piglets. Eighty weaned pigs were randomly allocated to 2 treatments according to the sex of pigs. An individual pig was considered as a treatment *** body weights(BW 5, 7, 11, 15, 20, and 25 kg) were chosen as experimental points; for each point 10piglets close to the average BW(5 males and 5 females) were slaughtered, and there was one growth phase between each 2 BW points. Results indicated that the males had higher average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI) compared to the females(P body fat content than females(P body fat(P composition of gut microbiota and the content of SCFA, which has significant implications for the realization of precisio

关键词： Sex body composition Nutrient deposition Gut microbiota Short-chain fatty acid Weaned piglet

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Dietary guaiacol improves the growth of juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第4期27卷 697-702页

作者：张文兵麦康森徐玮刘付志国谭北平 Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education) Ocean University of China

We conducted a preliminarily study on the effects of dietary guaiacol on growth performance of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Seven semi-purified diets were formulated with graded levels of guaiacol （0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1 000 mg kgl）. Abalone （initial weight： 0.29 ± 0.01 g; initial shell length： 8.55 ± 0.27 mm） were fed with these diets in a re-circulated water system for 152 days. Guaiacol significantly improved the specific growth rate （SGR）（P〈0.05）; excessive dietary guaiacol （1 000 mg kg1） led to significantly high mortality （P〈0.05）, and lipid content in the soft body increased significantly after dietary guaiacol （P〈0.05）. Activities of catalase and phenoloxidase （PO） in the viscera were significantly stimulated by dietary guaiacol （P〈0.05）. Broken-line analysis based on SGR indicated that the minimum dietary guaiacol for the optimal growth of juvenile abalone is 15.43 mg ·kg^-1.

关键词： Haliotis discus hannai growth body composition guaiacol

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The role of hypogonadism in Klinefelter Syndrome

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 185-191,I0007页

作者： Christian Host Anne Skakkeb k Kristian A Groth Anders Bojesen Departments of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA) Molecular Medicine Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Department of Clinical Genetics Vejle Hospital Vejlep Institute of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark.

Klinefelter syndrome （KS）（47, XXY） is the most abundant sex-chromosome disorder, and is a common cause of infertility and hypogonadism in men. Most men with KS go through life without knowing the diagnosis, as only 25% are diagnosed and only a few of these before puberty. Apart from hypogonadism and azoospermia, most men with KS suffer from some degree of learning disability and may have various kinds of psychiatric problems. The effects of long-term hypogonadism may be difficult to discern from the gene dose effect of the extra X-chromosome. Whatever the cause, alterations in body composition, with more fat and less muscle mass and diminished bone mineral mass, as well as increased risk of metabolic consequences, such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are all common in KS. These findings should be a concern as they are not simply laboratory findings; epidemiological studies in KS populations show an increased risk of beth hospitalization and death from various diseases. Testosterone treatment should be offered to KS patients from early puberty, to secure a proper masculine development, nonetheless the evidence is weak or nonexisting, since no randomized controlled trials have ever been published. Here, we will review the current knowledge of hypogonadism in KS and the rationale for testosterone treatment and try to give our best recommendations for surveillance of this rather common, but often ignored, syndrome.

关键词： androgen receptor body composition bone density hypogonadism infertility Klinefelter syndrome learning disorders male testosterone

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Compensatory growth response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum following short starvation periods

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第4期33卷 928-933页

作者： Maryam AZODI Eisa EBRAHIMI Omidvar FARHADIAN Nasrollah MAHBOOBI-SOOFIANI Vahid MORSHEDI Department of Fisheries Faculty of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Young Researchers Club of Ilam Azad University

This sixty-day study was performed to determine the effects of short-term starvation and refeeding cycles on growth, feeding performances and body composition of rainbow trout （Oncorhynchus mykiss）. Three hundred trout fingerlings with an average initial weight of 17.54-0.06 g were randomly distributed in 15 circular fiberglass tanks. The fish were exposed to 5 different feeding regimes; control： continuously fed twice daily to apparent satiation; T1： starved for 1 day and re-fed for 2 days; T2： starved for 1 day and re-fed for 4 days; T3： starved for 3 days and re-fed for 12 days; T4： starved for 4 days and re-fed for 16 days. At the end of the experiment, growth performance, feed utilization, whole body ash and moisture contents were not significantly （P〉0.05） different among the treatments. However, whole body protein content in T3 was significantly higher than other treatments （P〈0.05）. A significant difference in whole body fat content was observed between T3 and the control group at the end of the experiment （P〈0.05）. In conclusion this experiment suggests that feeding schedules involving starvation （1-4 days） and re-feeding cycles are a promising feed management tool for rainbow trout culture.

关键词： Oncorhynchus mykiss compensatory growth growth performance body composition

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Energy Balance and Physical Activity

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 130-136页

作者： KALLAYA KIJBOONCHOO Institute of Nutrition and Faculty of Graduate Studies

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world and becoming one of the major global public health problems. Although the components of energy balance have not been adequately estimated over time, available evidence suggests that the increase in obesity is the result of reduced physical activity.\;Increases in physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with improving physical fitness and body composition, with probably a positive effect on resting metabolic rate. The Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health advocates that 30 min of regular, moderate_intensity physical activity is associated with decreases in the risk of chronic diseases and may contribute to quality of life. However, the small changes that contribute 10 min for 3 times a day for aerobic training, or one set instead of three sets of repetitions on resistance training will provide individuals with health benefits. Indeed, nutrition and physical activity should be considered an integral part of fitness and good health, and should be encouraged in all age groups, particularly early in life. The question is no longer centered around the health benefit of increasing physical activity, but rather creating self awareness and behavior changes in individuals. Hence, effective intervention programs are needed that foster long term changes in physical activity. Among various interventions, the Nutrifit program was recently conducted in Thailand and found to improve health related fitness in children. The development of more effective interventions and approaches is a major challenge in this field today.

关键词： physical activity physical fitness body composition quality of life positive effect energy balance public health instead of age groups sets of

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Clinical relevance of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第25期20卷 8061-8071页

作者： Aldo J Montano-Loza Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit University of Alberta Hospital University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2X8Canada

The most commonly recognized complications in cirrhotic patients include ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, susceptibility for infections, kidney dysfunction, and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, severe muscle wasting or sarcopenia are the most common and frequently unseen complications which negatively impact survival, quality of life, and response to stressor, such as infections and surgeries. At present, D’Amico stage classification, Child-Pugh, and MELD scores constitute the best tools to predict mortality in patients with cirrhosis; however, one of their main limitations is the lack of assessing the nutritional and functional status. Currently, numerous methods are available to evaluate the nutrition status of the cirrhotic patient; nevertheless, most of these techniques have limitations primarily because lack of objectivity, reproducibility, and prognosis discrimination. In this regard, an objective and reproducible technique, such as muscle mass quantification with cross-sectional imaging studies (computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging) constitute an attractive index of nutritional status in cirrhosis. Sarcopenia is part of the frailty complex present in cirrhotic patients, resulting from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems and characterized by impaired functional capacity, decreased reserve, resistance to stressors, and predisposition to poor outcomes. In this review, we discuss the current accepted and new methods to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis. Also, we analyze the current knowledge regarding incidence and clinical impact of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis and their impact after liver transplantation. Finally, we discuss existing and potential novel therapeutic approaches for malnutrition in cirrhosis, emphasizing the recognition of sarcopenia in an effort to reduced morbidity related and improved survival in cirrhosis.

关键词： Cirrhosis Sarcopenia Malnutrition Prognosis Mortality body composition Lumbar skeletal muscle index Liver transplantation

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High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Crohn's disease patients according to serum retinol levels and the relative dose-response test

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第5期21卷 1614-1620页

作者： Márcia Soares-Mota Tianny A Silva Luanda M Gomes Marco AS Pinto Laura MC Mendon?a Maria Lúcia F Farias Tiago Nunes Andrea Ramalho Cyrla Zaltman Instituto de Nutricao Josué de Castro Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-913Brazil Departamento de Clínica Médica Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-901Brazil Nutrition and Immunology Chair ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food SciencesTechnical University of MünchenFreising-Weihenstephan80333 MünchenGermany

AIM:To assess the vitamin A status of patients with Crohn's disease(CD) by evaluating serum retinol levels and the relative dose response(RDR) test(liver retinol stores).METHODS:Vitamin A nutritional status was measured by serum retinol obtained by high performance liquid chromatography and the RDR test for evaluation of the hepatic *** composition was performed by densitometry by dual-energy X-ray *** A dietary intake was assessed from a semiquantitative food frequency ***:This study included 38 CD patients and 33 *** serum retinol concentrations were detected in 29% of CD patients vs 15% in controls(P body fat compared with those without this *** was no association between vitamin A deficiency and its dietary intake,ileal location,presence of disease activity and prior bowel ***:Patients with CD have higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency,as assessed by two independent methods.

关键词： Crohn's disease Vitamin A Serum retinol Relative dose response test body composition

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