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The Analysis of water footprint of Production and water Stress in China

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2016年第5期7卷 334-341页

作者：盖力强谢高地李士美程彦培罗志海中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所河北石家庄050061 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 青岛农业大学园林与林学院山东青岛266109 埃克塞特大学坎伯恩矿业学院

water footprint of production can be used to identify pressure on national or regional water resources generated by production activities. water stress is defined as the ratio of water use （the difference between a re- gional water footprint of production and a green water footprint） to renewable water resources available in a country or region. water stress can be used to identify pressure on national or regional water resources generated by production activities. This paper estimates the water footprint of production and the water stress in China during the years 1985-2009. The result shows that China＇s water footprint of production increased from 781.58×109 m^3 in 1985 to 1109.76 × 10^9 m^3 in 2009. Mega-cities and regions with less agriculture production due to local climatic conditions （Tibet and Qinghai） had lower water footprint of production, while the provinces （Henan, Shandong） with higher agriculture production had higher footprint. Provinces with severe water stress increased from 6 in 1985 to 9 in 2009. High to severe water stress exists mainly in mega-cities and agricultural areas located in the downstream areas of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in North and Central China. The outlook for water resources pressure in China is not optimistic, with areas of stress expanding from northern to southern of China.

关键词： water footprint of production green water footprint blue water footprint grey water footprint waterstress China

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blue and Grey water footprints of Dairy Farms in Kuwait

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2020年第7期12卷 618-635页

作者： Mariam Al-Bahouh Vern Osborne Tom Wright Mike Dixon Robert Gordon Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Shuwaikh Safat Kuwait Controlled Environment Systems Research Facility School of Environmental Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph Ontario Canada School of the Environment University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada

In Kuwait, dairy farming faces challenges due to its significant water demands. The current study assessed seasonal patterns of water use to estimate the blue water footprint (WF) and grey WF per kg of fat protein corrected milk (FPCM) for confined dairy farming systems in Kuwait. blue and grey WFs were evaluated using data from three operational farms. The average blue WF (L·kg-1 FPCM) was estimated to be 54.5 ± 4.0 L·kg-1 in summer and 19.2 ± 0.8 L·kg-1 in winter. The average grey WF (generated from milk house wastewater) was assessed on bimonthly basis and determined based on its phosphate (PO4) concentration (82.2 ± 14.3 mg·L-1) which is the most limiting factor to be 23.0 ± 9.0 L·kg-1 FPCM d-1. The outcomes indicate that enhancing the performance of dairy cows and adopting alternative water management strategies can play a role in minimizing the impacts of confined dairy farming systems in Kuwait on water quality and quantity.

关键词： Kuwait blue water footprint Grey water footprint Fat Protein Corrected Milk Dairy Farming System

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