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Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 168-176页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu Clement DFavier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald Anthony MJ.Bull Centre for blast Injury Studies Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom

Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated amputations.However,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclear.Animal models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an amputation.Several studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact loading.However,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the model.In this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast only.The platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's body.We obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and weight.Importantly,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled injury.We further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the platform.These factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting injury.This platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast injury.In addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.

关键词： blast injury Biomechanics Heterotopic ossification Limb fracture blast wave Animal model

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Damage assessment of aircraft wing subjected to blast wave with finite element method and artificial neural network tool

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 203-219页

作者： Meng-tao Zhang Yang Pei Xin Yao Yu-xue Ge School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072ShaanxiChina

Damage assessment of the wing under blast wave is essential to the vulnerability reduction design of aircraft. This paper introduces a critical relative distance prediction method of aircraft wing damage based on the back-propagation artificial neural network(BP-ANN), which is trained by finite element simulation results. Moreover, the finite element method(FEM) for wing blast damage simulation has been validated by ground explosion tests and further used for damage mode determination and damage characteristics analysis. The analysis results indicate that the wing is more likely to be damaged when the root is struck from vertical directions than others for a small charge. With the increase of TNT equivalent charge, the main damage mode of the wing gradually changes from the local skin tearing to overall structural deformation and the overpressure threshold of wing damage decreases rapidly. Compared to the FEM-based damage assessment, the BP-ANN-based method can predict the wing damage under a random blast wave with an average relative error of 4.78%. The proposed method and conclusions can be used as a reference for damage assessment under blast wave and low-vulnerability design of aircraft structures.

关键词： Vulnerability Wing structural damage blast wave Battle damage assessment Back-propagation artificial neural network

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Local blast wave interaction with tire structure

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第3期16卷 520-529页

作者： PawełBaranowski Jerzy Małachowski Łukasz Mazurkiewicz Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Military University of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanics and Applied Computer ScienceGen.Sylwester Kaliski Street00-908 WarsawPoland

The paper presents modelling and simulation of a local blast wave interaction with a tire of a logistic truck supporting military operations.In the military industry,it is desired to improve effectiveness and strength of vehicle components and simultaneously to minimize the risk of crew injuries.Therefore,the main goal of this paper is to present an attempt to improve blast resistance of a tire.Based on the developed,verified and validated finite element model an optimization procedure was conducted to minimize the damage of a tire subjected to a blast wave.The main issue in the performed computations was to estimate an influence of the cords angle in each layer.For this purpose,a pre-processor script was developed in order to easily modify the finite element model so that the generation process was perfo rmed automatically on the basis of optimization variables.Dynamic response of a tire subjected to blast wave in different cases(cords configurations) was analyzed.It was shown that the optimized cords angles configuration reduces tire local damage and increases its blast resistance.

关键词： blast wave Tire structure Finite element analysis Optimization

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Experimental and numerical study of the blast wave decrease using sandwich panel by granular materials core

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第5期17卷 1660-1670页

作者： Masoud Rahmani Alireza Naddaf Oskouei Amin Moslemi Petrudi Department of Mechanical Engineering IHU UniversityTehranIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Tehran UniversityTehranIran

Among the intrinsic properties of some materials,e.g.,foams,porous materials,and granular materials,are their ability to mitigate shock waves.This paper investigated shock wave mitigation by a sandwich panel with a granular core.Numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed using Autodyn hydro-code software and a shock tube,respectively.The smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method was used to model granular materials.Sawdust and pumice,whose properties were determined by several compression tests,were used as granular materials in the sandwich panel core.These granular materials possess many mechanisms,including compacting(e.g.,sawdust)and crushing(e.g.,pumice)that mitigate shock/blast wave.The results indicated the ineffectiveness of using a core with low thickness,yet it was demonstrated to be effective with high thickness.Low-thickness pumice yielded better results for wave mitigation.The use of these materials with a core with appropriate core reduces up to 88%of the shock wave.The results of the experiments and numerical simulations were compared,suggesting a good agreement between the two.This indicates the accuracy of simulation and the ability of the SPH method to modeling granular material under shock loading.The effects of grain size and the coefficient of friction between grains have also been investigated using simulation,implying that increasing the grain size and coefficient of friction between grains both reduce overpressure.

关键词： Granular materials Shock tube blast wave Numerical simulations

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Numerical Simulation of Shock (blast) wave Interaction with Bodies

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 1999年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Jialing LE (China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center P.O. Box 211 Mianyang Sichuan China) China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center P.O. Box 211 Mianyang Sichuan China China

Some typical results of computation on the shock (blast) wave interaction (2-D and 3-D) with bodies and its experimental validation in shock tube are summarized, suggestions for improving the numerical method (difference scheme and grid systems),developing 3-D optical quantitative visualization technology and further studying the unsteady turbulent flow are put forward.

关键词： shock wave blast wave numerical simulation

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DYNAMIC LOAD ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE UNDER EFFECT OF blast wave

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2006年第9期27卷 1281-1288页

作者：任云燕张莉韩峰 Mechanical and Engineering Institute Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China School of Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China

A semi-analytical method of solving the problem of dynamic stress concentration of arbitrary underground structure under the effect of blast waves was introduced. Using the Fourier transform theory, the shock waves （in the forms of SH-waves） can be converted into frequency bands. After employing complex functions and conformal mapping, the admittance functions of various underground structures were obtained. Then, the problem of the time domain dynamic stress response of underground structure can be easily solved through the Fourier inverse transform. At last, the results and curves of the dynamic stress for the square, triangle and horseshoe cavity were presented.

关键词： dynamic stress blast wave FFT transform underground structure

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Numerical simulation of the parabolic shell surface under blast wave loading

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2012年第4期21卷 427-433页

作者：侯俊亮蒋建伟房玉军 State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology China South Industry Research Academy

Deformation of parabolic shell surface under explosion shock waves is a complex dynamic problem. Because of reflection and interference of blast wave, it＇s hard to analytically delineate the dynamic responds of radar parabolic shell surface on blast wave. To gain the characteristics of thin shell deformation under impulsive loading of blast wave, numerical simulation methods for blast load on the shell structure was studied and analyzed. Euler-Lagrange numerical simulation was implemen- ted by AUTODYN code to simulate the problem. Through analysis on deflection feature of radial po- sition under different explosive mass and detonation height, an equation was founded by fitting the deflection results from numerical simulation results of shockwave loading. Experiments were ar- ranged to confirm the validity of the formula. The results gained by simulation are consistent with experiments, and the formula can be used to delineate the deflection of aluminum alloy parabolic shell under blast loading.

关键词： blast wave thin shell simulation deflection

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A zebrafish model for hearing loss and regeneration induced by blast wave

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2019年第2期2卷 87-97页

作者： Jiping Wang Zheng Yan Yazhi Xing Ke Lai Jian Wang Dongzhen Yu Haibo Shi Shankai Yin Department of Otolaryngology Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Underwater Acoustic Antagonizing Shanghai Marine Electronic Equipment Research Institute ShanghaiChina School of Human Communication Disorder Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada

Zebrafish have the potential to regrow injured organs and tissues,but their use as a model for hearing regeneration following blast injury has never been reported.In this study,zebrafish were exposed to a blast wave produced by an underwater blast wave generator.The first peak sound pressures produced by this generator were up to 224dB and 160kPa,measured at 25cm away from the machine.Zebrafish hearing sensitivity was examined by analyzing auditory evoked potentials from 1 to 35 days post blast wave exposure.Cell death and cell proliferation in inner ear organs,including the saccule,lagena,and utricle,were investigated using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay,and cell proliferation assay using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine,respectively.Significant differences in auditory evoked potential thresholds were observed between exposed and control groups,demonstrating both blast wave-induced hearing loss and recovery of hearing sensitivity.An apoptosis assay revealed significantly increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelingpositive cells in the inner ear sensory epithelia of exposed groups compared with the control group.However,numbers of 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine-positive cells in the inner ear of exposed groups recovered to a normal level within 10 post blast wave exposure.Furthermore,blast wave exposure caused brain injury with increased cell apoptosis and decreased neurogenesis.Compared with drug or noise-induced zebrafish models,our blast wave-induced model elicited more serious hearing loss phenotypes,which required more time to return to a normal level.Overall,this zebrafish model can provide a reliable animal model for both hearing loss and regeneration research.The study was approved by the Shanghai 6th Hospital Animal Care and Use Committee,China(approval No.2017-0196)on February 28,2017.

关键词： blast wave zebrafish hearing loss brain injury auditory evoked potential hair cell apoptosis regeneration

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Triple-layer Absorptive Structures for Shock wave blast Protection

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2000年第1期5卷 5-8页

作者：王小虎庄茁杨卫 Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua university Beijing 100084 China

Triple layer absorptive structure is designed to reinforce a missile silo against shock wave blasts. An energy absorbing layer and a cushion layer overlay the circular silo cover made of reinforced concrete. The dynamic stress analysis is performed by ABAQUS/Explicit. The mesoscopic structure of the energy absorbing layer is designed as an assembly of ductile tubes containing crushable cellular ceramics. Combined mesoscopic and macroscopic simulations indicate that the structure can enhance the survivability of a missile silo against blast waves.

关键词： energy absorbing layer blast wave dynamic stress analysis ABAQUS 

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Numerical simulation of blast wave propagation in a large blast simulator

Numerical simulation of blast wave propagation in a large bl...

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第十五届全国激波与激波管学术会议

作者：周松柏 Ren Hui-qi Liu Rui-chao Bai Xiao-zheng 洛阳水利工程技术研究所中国人民解放军总参谋部陆航研究所

It is very significant to predict the blast wave propagation in a large blast simulator for the blast simulatoi design.The detailed blast wave field calls for the use of hydrocodes based on computation of fluid dynamics(CFD) theon In this paper,a methodology of finite volume method and its numerical experimental validation case are proposed for simulating the blast wave.The hydrocodes is applied to the explosion simulation for a type of large blast simulator.After carrying out the computation,the blast wave field with unsteady and nonlinear propagation characteristics has been captured.And from the results,it is observed that the blast overpressure decreases with the distance from the explosion driver nozzles quickly,and the propagation time of the blast wave is about 0.019s for 99.6kg TNT and 50m propagation distance.

关键词： blast wave large blast simulator numerical simulation TNT

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