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Characteristics of total suspended particulates in the atmosphere of Yulong Snow Mountain,southwestern China

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第3期10卷 207-218页

作者： HeWen Niu XiaoFei Shi Gang Li JunHua Yang ShiJin Wang Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier and Environmental Observation Research Station State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric SciencesNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of China LanzhouGansu 730020China College of Earth Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China

The measurement of black carbon （BC） and organic carbon （OC）, dust in total suspended particulates （TSP） was carried out at Yulong Snow Mountain （Mt. Yulong） and Ganhaizi Basin, in the Mt. Yulong region, southwestern China. TSP samples were analyzed using a thermal/optical reflectance carbon analyzer. Results show that average BC and OC concentrations in TSP in the Mt. Yulong region were 1.61±1.15 μg/m3 and 2.96±1.59 μg/m3, respectively. Statistical results demonstrated that there were significant differences in mean BC and OC contents between Ganhaizi Basin and Mt. Yulong at the 0.05 level. Strong correlations between BC and OC indicate their common dominant emission sources and transport processes. Temporal variations ofBC, OC, and optical attenuation （ATN） values were consistent with each other in carbonaceous aerosols. The ratios of OC/BC in monsoon season were significantly higher than in non-monsoon in aerosols from Ganhaizi, which is closely related to the formation of secondary organic carbon （SOC） and extensive motor vehicle emissions from tourism activities. The temporal variations of BC, OC and ATN in carbonaceous aerosols in Ganhaizi and Mt. Yulong were totally different, probably due to elevation difference and diverse tourism activity intensity between the two sites. Time-averaged aerosol optical depth （AOD） at the wavelength of 550 nm in Mt. Yulong was higher than that of the inland of the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. Source apportionment indicated that intensive exhaust emissions from tourism vehicles were the main local sources of atmospheric pollutant in the Mt. Yulong region. Biomass-burning emissions released from South Asia could penetrate into the inland of the TP under the transport of summer monsoon. Further study is needed to assess light absorption and radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols, and modeling research in combination with long-term in-situ observations of light-absorbing particulates （LAPs） in the TP is also urgently needed in futur

关键词： black carbon total suspended particulates LAPs Tibetan Plateau

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生物柴油在船用低速机上的燃烧分析研究

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2023年第4期22卷 861-869页

作者：魏存锋江国和崔磊吴刚钟莎莎 Merchant Marine College Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201206China

To study the applicability of biodiesel in marine engines,this research investigated the performance,combustion characteristics,and emission characteristics of biodiesel(B100),diesel,and a 50%volume blend of the two fuels(B50)in a marine *** study was conducted on a 4-cylinder,520 mm-bore,two-stroke,low-speed marine engine with a common rail fuel and exhaust gas charge *** three fuels were tested at different loads from 25%–100%with a step size of 25%.Results showed that the fuel consumption of pure biodiesel increased by about 13.5%and 3.8%relative to that of diesel at 25%and 100%loads,respectively,and by about 6%at 50%and 75%***-cylinder combustion pressure was slightly reduced when the engine ran on biofuel,and black carbon emissions from biodiesel were reduced by an average of 54.7%.Compared with those from diesel,the carbon CO and total hydrocarbon emissions from B100 were reduced by 11.3%and 39%,*** emissions were elevated for B100 and B50 under all loading *** properties of B50 blended diesel lie between those of B100 and *** terms of combustion characteristics and emissions,biodiesel can be used without changing the engine parameters and can effectively reduce pollution,such as black carbon and carbon monoxide.

关键词： Low-speed engines Emissions Biodiesel black carbon Low-carbon fuels

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Brown carbon in the cryosphere： Current knowledge and perspective

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第1期7卷 82-89页

作者： WU Guang-Ming CONG Zhi-Yuan KANG Shi-Chang Kimitaka KAWAMURA FU Ping-Qing ZHANG Yu-Lan WAN Xin GAO Shao-Peng LIU Bin Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0819 Japand LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies Chubu University Kasugai 487-8501 Japan

Recently, the light-absorbing organic carbon, i.e., brown carbon(Br C), has received an increasing attention, because they could significantly absorb the solar radiation in the range of short wavelengths rather than the purely scattering effect. Br C is ubiquitous in the troposphere. It could undergo long range transport within the atmospheric circulation. After the deposition on the surface of snow or ice in the cryospheric region, as the major light absorbing impurities with black carbon and dust, Br C could reduce the snow albedo and accelerate the glacier melting. In this context, this paper summarized the current knowledge of Br C(in aerosols and snow) in the cryospheric regions including the Arctic, Antarctic,and Alpines. Although some works have been conducted in those region, the current dataset on the optical properties of Br C like Absorption?ngstr€om Exponent(AAE) and Mass Absorption Efficiency(MAE) is still limited, which hampers stimulating an accurate evaluation of its climate effects. Especially in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, where very limited information concerning Br C is available. Considering biomass burning as a dominant source of Br C, a large amount of emissions from biomass burning in South Asia could reach the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, where the climate effect of Br C merits more investigation in the future.

关键词： Brown carbon black carbon Atmospheric aerosol Snow Glacier

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A Preliminary Study of Holocene Climate Change and Human Adaptation in the Horqin Region

A Preliminary Study of Holocene Climate Change and Human Ada...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： MU Yan QIN Xiaoguang ZHANG Lei XU Bing Key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Human activity during the Holocene in the Horqin region,northeastern China,has beenwidely *** an important proxy record of human activity,black carbon(BC)in sediments has been linked to climate change and human adaptation.A loess-paleosol section located in south Horqin was chosen for this *** climate change and human adaptation to the environment were discussed by analyzing BC,organic carbon(OC)and other *** conclusions included:(1)before 3900 cal BP,human activity was closely related to the natural environment and cultural development was dominated by climate *** example,the rapid decline of the agrarian Hongshan culture was caused by a slight decrease in temperature at000 cal BP;(2)during 3900-3200 cal BP,the heavy dependence of human societies on nature gradually lessened and the ability of those human societies to adapt to the environment was ***,the farming-dominated Lower Xiajiadian culture was nonetheless replaced by the pastoralist Upper Xiajiadian culture due to an extremely cooling event at200 cal BP;(3)during the late Holocene period,the marked influence of climate change on human activity might have lessened as a result of a clear improvement in human labor *** this,human living styles were influenced by cultural developments rather than climate change because humans had mastered more powerful means of productivity.

关键词： black carbon climate change human adaptation archeological culture the Holocene Horqin Sandy Land

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Changes in fire regimes on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last glacial maximum and implications for linkages to paleoclimate and past human activity

Changes in fire regimes on the Chinese Loess Plateau since t...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）学术年会

作者： Xu Wang Zhongli Ding Ping'an Peng Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

A high-resolution black carbon(BC) record from 27.5 kyr BP to present was reconstructed using a chemical oxidation method on loess and paleosol samples from the Lijiayuan section of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The black carbon mass sedimentation rates(BCMSR) and carbon isotopic record reveal a paleofire history and its relationship with climate and vegetation changes at the study *** BCMSR record was decomposed into two components:background BCMSR and the BCMSR *** background BCMSR represents regional fires and shows high fire activities occurred contemporaneous with the Younger Dryas,Older Dryas,Heinrich events and Greenland stadials as registered in the loess grain size *** suggests a rapid response of regional fires on the Loess Plateau to abrupt climate *** analysis of background BCMSR showed two meaningful periodicities of 1620 and 1040 years,close to the cyclicity of the East Asian monsoon as recorded in the stalagmiteδO record in Central *** indicates a tight control of millennial scale wet-dry changes in the monsoonal climate on regional fires on the Loess *** contrast, the BCMSR peaks are considered to reflect local fire *** occurrences of local fires were more frequent during the last glacial period,with a maximum frequency of-6 episodes/1000 years during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM)(22.3 to 14.6 kyr BP),when the climate was drier and more continuous grassy fuels existed on the *** the last glacial-interglacial transition(LGIT) period(14.6 to 11.0 kyr BP), fire frequency was largely reduced due to an increase in precipitation and more woody *** the LGIT period is taken as an analog for the projected near future,then future global warming alone may not produce large wildfires in northwestern *** remained infrequent during the early-to-middle *** burning increased after 4.0 kyr BP,when the climate became drier and land-use was more *** carbon isoto

关键词： Chinese Loess Plateau black carbon carbon isotope Paleofire history Millennial scale climate Human activity

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The “Dual-Spot” Aethalometer:real-time source apportionment of fossil fuel vs. biomass combustion aerosols

The “Dual-Spot” Aethalometer:real-time source apportionmen...

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十一届全国气溶胶会议暨第十届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会

作者： G.MO?NIK L.DRINOVEC P.ZOTTER A.S.H.PRéV?T C.RUCKSTUHL J.SCIARE J.-E.PETIT R.SARDA ESTEVE A.D.A.HANSEN Aerosol d.o.o. SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 VilligenSwitzerland inNET Monitoring AG CH- 6460 AltdorfSwitzerland LSCE CNRS-CEA-IPSL F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Magee Scientific Corp. BerkeleyCA 94704USA

Filter-based measurements of aerosol optical absorption are widely used to determine black carbon（BC） concentrations in real time. Measurements at multiple wavelengths（Sandradewi 2008） can identify the contributions from different combustion sources, separating ‘black carbon’（BC） from ‘Brown carbon’（Br C）. These methods sometimes show non-linearity due to ‘loading effects’ of increasing aerosol deposit on the filter（Gundel, 1984;Weingartner, 2003;Arnott, 2005;Virkkula, 2007）. These effects are highly variable and cannot be treated by static algorithms, either in post-processing of the data or fixed in the instrument firmware. A dynamical and auto-adaptive approach is required, in order to capture the details and variability of the aerosol optical properties and allow for accurate real-time source apportionment. We have developed a new Aethalometer?, Model AE33, in which two parallel sampling channels collect the aerosol simultaneously at different loading rates. Combining the data from the two parallel analyses eliminates the ‘loading effect’ and yields an accurate measurement of BC together with a dynamical value of the non-linearity parameter which is indicative of aerosol properties. These analyses are performed for multiple optical wavelengths spanning the range from 370 nm to 950 nm and with a time resolution as rapid as 1 second. The results show greatly improved analytical performance for measurement of BC. The instrument is network-ready and is designed for both research and routine monitoring operations. We present results from the use of this new instrument in urban and rural measurement campaigns in Switzerland, France, Austria, and Slovenia. The data show high sensitivity and time resolution, with a complete absence of loading artifacts. We have developed a real-time application based on a published method（Sandradewi, 2008） for source apportionment to separate contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to ambient aerosols. The diurnal concentrat

关键词： black carbon source apportionment optical properties aerosol absorption

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Holocene changes in fire frequency in the Daihai Lake region(north-central China):indications and implications for an important role of human activity

Holocene changes in fire frequency in the Daihai Lake region...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2013年度（第13届）学术年会

作者： Xu Wang Jule Xiao Linlin Cui Zhongli Ding Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

black carbon(BC) content in a sediment core from Daihai Lake,Inner Mongolia,was analyzed to reconstruct a high-resolution history of fires occurring in northern China during the Holocene and to examine the impacts of natural changes and human activities on the fire *** black carbon mass sedimentation rate(BCMSR) was disintegrated into two components:the background BCMSR and the BCMSR peak,with the BCMSR peak representing the frequency of fire *** the background BCMSR and the magnitude of the BCMSR peak display a close relation with the percentage of tree pollen from the same sediment core,suggesting that regional vegetation type would be a factor controlling the intensity of *** inferred fire-episode frequency for the Holocene exhibits two phases of obvious increases,i.e.,the first increase from <5 to～10 episodes/1000 yrs occurring at 8200 *** BP when the vegetation of the lake basin shifted from grasses to forests and the climate changed from warm/dry to warm/humid condition,and the further increase to a maximum frequency of 13 episodes/1000 yrs occurring at 2800 *** BP when herbs and shrubs replaced the forests in the lake basin and the climate became cool/*** increases in the fire frequency contradict the previous interpretation that fires occurred frequently in the monsoon region of northern China when steppe developed under the cold/dry *** thus suggest that human activities would be responsible for the increased frequencies of fires in the Daihai Lake region in terms that the appearance of early agriculture and the expansion of human land use were considered to take place in northern China at ca 8000 and 3000 *** BP, respectively.

关键词： Fire history Climate change black carbon Vegetation Human activity Holocene

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光学法和热光反射法测量黑碳的比较

光学法和热光反射法测量黑碳的比较

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者：穆燕秦小光张磊中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境重点实验室

光学法和热光反射法(TOR)是黑碳含量测量中比较常用的方法,目前主要用于气溶胶的黑碳分析中。本研究选取3种不同性质的样品,包括炭屑、黄土沉积物及气溶胶,分别采用两种方法进行测量,对比所得结果:1)对于炭屑样品,用热光反射法所得黑碳B... 详细信息

光学法和热光反射法(TOR)是黑碳含量测量中比较常用的方法,目前主要用于气溶胶的黑碳分析中。本研究选取3种不同性质的样品,包括炭屑、黄土沉积物及气溶胶,分别采用两种方法进行测量,对比所得结果:1)对于炭屑样品,用热光反射法所得黑碳BC约等于22倍光学方法所得黑碳结果BC,对于黄土样品,BC是BC的4.5倍,对于黑碳气溶胶,BC≈BC;2)不同样品中黑碳组分不同造成的颗粒粒径大小变化,可能是BC/BC比值变化的主要原因;3)用光学法和TOR两种方法测量黑碳含量,对比两种方法所得结果,可以获得更为可靠的黑碳记录。

关键词： black carbon optical method optical/thermal reflectance method charcoal

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黑碳-边界层相互作用及其对近地面臭氧的影响（英文）

黑碳-边界层相互作用及其对近地面臭氧的影响（英文）

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第34届中国气象学会年会

作者：朱彬高晋徽南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室

black carbon（BC） is an important solar-radiation absorbing aerosol in *** impacts of BC on surface ozone via influencing the photolysis rates have been found in previous *** BC-boundary layer（BL） interactions also influence the surface *** simulation conducted by the online model system（WRF-Chem）,changes of surface ozone caused by BC-BL interactions are demonstrated in Nanjing city in this *** of the absorption of incident solar radiation induced by BC,the air above BL was heated and then BL development was *** weakened turbulence entrained less ozone from ozone-rich air above BL down to ***,with the BL depression,more ozone precursors（***2） were confined in lower BL which made the chemical process supply more ozone at the ground level before *** a result,surface ozone reduced before noon with the maximum reduction of 16.4 ppb,suggesting that the vertical mixing process played the most import role in influencing the surface *** the afternoon,since the delay of BL development,the ozone is not mixed well in vertical and larger O3-gradient existed at the top of *** concentration of ozone aloft can be entrained down to the surface offsetting the surface ozone *** implementing the ozone tagging method into WRF-Chem,we found that ozone from Jiangsu（JS）,Anhui（AH） and outside the model domain（O3-INFLOW） decreased by about 2-4.5ppb through BC-BL *** the contrary,since the delayed development of BL,more ozone contribution from North China Plain（NCP）（5.6-11.2ppb） in/above upper BL was entrained down and enhanced surface ozone in Nanjing in the afternoon.

关键词： black carbon boundary layer interaction surface ozone source apportionment

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