检索结果-南通市图书馆

Effects of ambient temperature on regulated gaseous and particulate emissions from gasoline-, E10- and M15-fueled vehicles

引用

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 199-211页

作者： Rencheng Zhu Jingnan Hu Liqiang He Lei Zu Xiaofeng Bao Yitu Lai Sheng Su School of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China National Joint Research Center for Tracking Key Problems in Air Pollution Control Beijing 100012China Xiamen Environment Protection Vehicle Emission Control Technology Center Xiamen 361023China

Ambient temperature has substantial impacts on vehicle emissions,but the impacts may differ between traditional and alcohol *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on gaseous and particulate emissions with both traditional and alcohol *** gaseous,particle mass(PM),particle number(PN)and black carbon(BC)emissions from typical passenger vehicles were separately quantified with gasoline,E10(10%ethanol and 90%gasoline by volume)and M15(15%methanol and 85%gasoline by volume)at both 30°C and-7°*** particulate emissions with all fuels increased significantly with decreased *** PM emissions with E10 were only 48.0%–50.7%of those with gasoline at 30°C but increased to 59.2%-79.4%at-7°*** PM emissions with M15 were comparable to those with gasoline at 30°C,but at-7°C,the average PM emissions were higher than those with *** variation trend of PN emissions was similar to that of PM emissions with changes in the fuel and *** 30°C,the BC emissions were lower with E10 and M15 than with gasoline in most cases,but E10 and M15 might emit more BC than gasoline at-7°C,especially *** results of the transient PN and BC emission rates show that particulate emissions were dominated mainly by those emitted during the cold-start ***,the particulate emissions with E10 and M15 were more easily affected by ambient temperature,and the advantages of E10 and M15 in controlling particulate emissions declined as the ambient temperature decreased.

关键词： Particle mass Particle number black carbon Alcohol gasoline Low temperature

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A plant growth chamber system equipped with aerosol generators for studying aerosol-vegetation interactions

引用

Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 122-132页

作者： Masao Gen Seiji Ikawa Masahiro Yamaguchi Fong Zyin Lim Takeshi Izuta I.Wuled Lenggoro Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan

Understanding aerosol-vegetation interactions is vital in ***,the interactions remain elusive partly due to the lack of suitable plant growth chamber ***,deposition of submicron particles on leaf surfaces is challenging due to its low deposition velocities compared to larger *** this work,we present a plant-growth chamber that was used to study the effect of sub-micron black carbon(BC)particles on the growth and photosynthesis of *** chamber system simultaneously enables the growth of multiple plants in pots and the deposition of submicron particles onto *** spraying methods assisted by ultrasonic and electrostatic forces were employed as aerosol generators to realize the particle *** flow regime inside the chamber was numeri-cally calculated to predict the transportation of aerosol particles,suggesting the optimal operating conditions of the *** gas-phase particle size distribution measurements showed that gener-ated BC particles were suspended in submicron diameter *** aerosol generators were examined in the chamber using three conductor and insulator substrates as a model of plant *** observations and spectroscopic analysis ascertained that submicron BC particles generated from our generators were deposited on all substrate *** the developed chamber system,systematic studies can be performed to advance the fundamental understanding of aerosol-vegetation interactions.

关键词： Aerosol Exposure chamber Spray drying black carbon

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Disturbance of light-absorbing aerosols on the albedo in a winter snowpack of Central Tibet

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1601-1607页

作者： Jing Ming Pengling Wang Shuyu Zhao Pengfei Chen National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

A field observation on the albedo of the snowpack in Central Tibet was conducted in the Nam Co region in the winter of 2011. Snow properties, including grain size and density, were measured in the field, and surface-layer snow samples （down to 5 cm） were collected. The average concentrations of black carbon and dust were 72 ppbm （close to that in the glaciers of Mt. Nyainqentanglha） and 120 ppmm, respectively. Inverse trends were found to exist between the albedo of the snowpack and light-absorbing aerosols （LAAs） as well as grain size growth. Modeling showed that black carbon, dust, and grain growth in the winter snowpack can reduce the broadband albedo by 11%, 28%, and 61%, respectively.

关键词： albedo black carbon dust snow Tibetan Plateau

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Characterization particulate matter from several Chinese cooking dishes and implications in health effects

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 98-106页

作者： Lina Wang Xinran Zheng Svetlana Stevanovic Xin Wu Zhiyuan Xiang Mingzhou Yu Jing Liu State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237 China International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health Queensland University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237 China The security environmental protection bureau of Ningbo daxie development zone Ningbo 315812 China Department of physics China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018 China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 250001 China

Cooking fume produced by oil and food at a high temperature releases large amount of fine particulate matter（PM） which have a potential hazard to human health. This chamber study investigated particle emission characteristics originated from using four types of oil（soybean oil, olive oil, peanut oil and lard） and different kinds of food materials（meat and vegetable）. The corresponding emission factors（EFs） of number, mass, surface area and volume for particles were discussed. Temporal variation of size-fractionated particle concentration showed that olive oil produced the highest number PM concentration for the entire cooking process. Multiple path particle dosimetry（MPPD） model was performed to predict deposition in the human respiratory tract. Results showed that the pulmonary airway deposition fraction was the largest. It was also found that particles produced from olive oil led to the highest deposition. We strongly recommend minimizing the moisture content of ingredients before cooking and giving priority to the use of peanut oil instead of olive oil to reduce human exposure to PM.

关键词： Chinese cooking Ultrafine particle black carbon Emission factor Lung deposition

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Improved estimation of PM_(2.5) brown carbon contributions to filter light attenuation

引用

Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 1-9页

作者： Judith C.Chow L.-W.Antony Chen Xiaoliang Wang Mark C.Green John G.Watson Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNVUSA State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina Graduate Faculty Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of NevadaReno NevadaUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA

Multiwavelength light attenuation measurements have been acquired as part of thermal/optical carbon analysis in the *** Speciation Network(CSN)and the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments(IMPROVE)network beginning in *** are used to estimate PM_(2.5)brown carbon(BrC)contributions to light absorption at various wavelengths,a useful method for separating biomass burning contributions from other *** of light transmitted through the filter deviates from Beers Law as the mass of light absorbing materials *** study estimates the effects of these deviations with empirical adjustment factors applied to samples for CSN from 2016 to 2017 and for IMPROVE from 2016 to *** for the filter loading effect results in an annual average increase of∼6-7%BrC contribution to light attenuation:from 3.6%to 10.7%for the urban,more heavily loaded CSN samples;and from 23.7%to 29.5%for the non-urban IMPROVE *** alternative method is examined for BrC and black carbon(BC)adjustments by calculating the AbsorptionÅngström Exponent(AAE)for BC(i.e.,AAE_(BC))based on the ratios of 635 nm/780 nm light attenuation rather than assuming AAE_(BC)of *** paired-wavelength calculations result in a median AAE_(BC)of 0.76 for CSN and 0.8 for IMPROVE,with the majority of samples(i.e.,91%of CSN and 70%of IMPROVE)showing AAE_(BC)<*** assuming negligible contributions from BrC to AAE at longer wavelengths,the amount of light attenuation at shorter wavelengths(e.g.,405 nm)where BrC is dominant can be *** paired-wavelength method applied to the filter loading adjusted data has a greater effect on urban(fresh)than on non-urban(aged)aerosols,resulting in a factor of two increase in annual averaged BrC light attenuation(from 10.7%to 21.6%)for CSN and by a factor of 1.11(from 29.5%to 32.7%)for IMPROVE *** result demonstrates the importance of particle loading and AAE correction on quantifying BrC light attenuatio

关键词： Organic carbon Brown carbon Elemental carbon black carbon AbsorptionÅngström Exponent

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A Modeling Study of the Climate Effects of Sulfate and carbonaceous Aerosols over China

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第6期27卷 1276-1288页

作者：刘红年张力吴涧 School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University

In this paper, the RIEMS 2.0 model is used to simulate the distribution of sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon aerosols over China （16.2°-44.1°N, 93.4°-132.4°E） in 1998. The climate effects of these three anthropogenic aerosols are also simulated. The results are summarized as follows：（1） The regional average column burdens of sulfate, BC, OC, and SOC were 5.9, 0.24, 2.4, and 0.49 mg m-2, with maxima of 33.9, 1.48, 7.3, and 1.1 mg m-2, respectively. The column burden and surface concentration of secondary organic carbon accounted for about 20% and 7%, respectively, of the total organic carbon in eastern China. （2） The radiative forcings of sulfate, organic carbon, and black carbon at the top of the atmosphere were -1.24, -0.6, and 0.16 W m 2 respectively, with extremes of -5.25, -2.6, and 0.91 W m-2. （3） The surface air temperature changes caused by sulfate, organic carbon, and black carbon were -0.07, -0.04, and 0.01 K, respectively. The air temperature increase caused by black carbon at 850 hPa was higher than that at the surface. The net effect of the three kinds of anthropogenic aerosols together decreased the annual average temperature by -0.075 K; the maximum value was -0.3 K. （4） black carbon can reduce the precipitation in arid and semi-arid areas of northern China and increase the precipitation in wet and semi-wet areas of southern China. The average precipitation increase caused by black carbon in China was 0.003 mm d^-1. The net effect of the three kinds of anthropogenic aerosols was to decrease the precipitation over China by 0.008 mmd ^-1.

关键词： black carbon organic carbon sulfate aerosol climate effect RIEMS2.0

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Seasonal Variations of Number Size Distributions and Mass Concentrations of Atmospheric Particles in Beijing

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第3期22卷 401-407页

作者：于建华 Benjamin GUINOT 虞统王欣刘文清 Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center(BMEMC)Beijing 100044 Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environment (LSCE) France Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (BMEMC)Beijing 100044 Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (BMEMC) Beijing 100044

Particle number and mass concentrations were measured in Beijing during the winter and summer periods in 2003, together with some other parameters including black carbon (BC) and meteorological conditions. Particle mass concentrations exhibited low seasonality, and the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 in winter was higher than that in summer. Particle number size distribution (PSD) was characterized by four modes and exhibited low seasonality. BC was well correlated with the number and mass concentrations of accumulation and coarse particles, indicating these size particles are related to anthropogenic activities. Particle mass and number concentrations (except ultra-fine and nucleation particles) followed well the trends of BC concentration for the majority of the day, indicating that most particles were associated with primary emissions. The diurnal number distributions of accumulation and coarse mode particles were characterized by two peaks.

关键词： Beijing particles particle number size distribution mass concentrations black carbon ultra- fine particles

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Equilibrium Climate Response of the East Asian Summer Monsoon to Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosol Species

引用

Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第6期31卷 1018-1033页

作者： Zhili WANG Qiuyan WANG Hua ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

We used an online aerosol-climate model to study the equilibrium climate response of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） to increases in anthropogenic emissions of sulfate, organic carbon, and black carbon aerosols from 1850 to 2000. Our results show that each of these aerosol species has a different effect on the EASM as a result of changes in the local sea-land thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation. The increased emission of sulfate aerosol leads to a decrease in the thermal contrast between the land and ocean, a southward shift of the East Asian subtropical jet, and significant northerly wind anomalies at 850 hPa over eastern China and the ambient oceans, markedly dampening the EASM. An increase in organic carbon aerosol results in pronounced surface cooling and the forma- tion of an anomalous anticyclone over the oceans north of 30°N. These effects cause a slight increase in the sea-land thermal contrast and southerly flow anomalies to the west of the anticyclonic center, strengthening the northern EASM. An increase in organic carbon emission decreases the sea-land thermal contrast over southern China, which weakens the southern EASM. The response of the summer 850-hPa winds and rainfall over the East Asian monsoon region to an increase in black carbon emission is generally consistent with the response to an increase in organic carbon. The increase in black carbon emission leads to a strengthening of the northern EASM north of 35°N and a slight weakening of the southern EASM south of 35°N. The simulated response of the EASM to the increase in black carbon emission is unchanged when the emission of black carbon is scaled up by five times its year 2000 levels, although the intensities of the response is enhanced. The increase in sulfate emission primarily weakens the EASM, whereas the increases in black carbon and organic carbon emissions mitigate weakening of the northern EASM.

关键词： East Asian summer monsoon sulfate black carbon organic carbon equilibrium climate response

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A Preliminary Study of Holocene Climate Change and Human Adaptation in the Horqin Region

引用

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1784-1791页

作者： MU Yan QIN Xiaoguang ZHANG Lei XU Bing Key laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Human activity during the Holocene in the Horqin region, northeastern China, has been widely documented. As an important proxy record of human activity, black carbon（BC） in sediments has been linked to climate change and human adaptation. A loess-paleosol section located in south Horqin was chosen for this study. Holocene climate change and human adaptation to the environment were discussed by analyzing BC, organic carbon（OC） and other proxies. The conclusions included：（1） before 3900 cal BP, human activity was closely related to the natural environment and cultural development was dominated by climate change. For example, the rapid decline of the agrarian Hongshan culture was caused by a slight decrease in temperature at ~5000 cal BP;（2） during 3900-3200 cal BP, the heavy dependence of human societies on nature gradually lessened and the ability of those human societies to adapt to the environment was enhanced. However, the farming-dominated Lower Xiajiadian culture was nonetheless replaced by the pastoralist Upper Xiajiadian culture due to an extremely cooling event at ~3200 cal BP;（3） during the late Holocene period, the marked influence of climate change on human activity might have lessened as a result of a clear improvement in human labor skills. After this, human living styles were influenced by cultural developments rather than climate change because humans had mastered more powerful means of productivity.

关键词： black carbon climate change human adaptation archeological culture the Holocene Horqin Sandy Land

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Seasonal Inhomogeneity of Soot Particles over the Central Indo-Gangetic Plains,India:Influence of Meteorology

引用

Journal of Meteorological Research 2015年第6期29卷 935-949页

作者： SINGH B.P. TIWARI S. HOPKE Philip K. SINGH R.S. BISHT D.S. SRIVASTAVA A.K. SINGH R.K. DUMKA U.C. SINGH A.K. RAI B.N. SRIVASTAVA Manoj K. Department of Geophysics Banaras Hindu University Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology(New Delhi Branch) Clarkson University Department of Chemical Engineering Banaras Hindu University Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences Department of Physics Banaras Hindu University

black carbon（BC） particles play a unique and important role in earth’s climate *** was measured（in-situ） in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Plains（IGP） at Varanasi,which is a highly populated and polluted region due to its topography and extensive emission *** annual mean BC mass concentration was 8.92 ± 7.0 μg m-3,with 34%of samples exceeding the average ***,BC was highest during the post-monsoon and winter periods（approximately 18 μg m-3） and lower in the premonsoon/monsoon seasons（approximately 6 μg m-3）.The highest frequency（approximately 46%） observed for BC mass was in the interval from 5 to 10 μg ***,during the post-monsoon season,the most common values（approximately 23%） were between 20 and 25 μg *** nighttime concentrations of BC were approximately twice as much as the daytime values because of lower boundary layer heights at *** Angstrom exponent was significantly positively correlated（0.55） with ground-level BC concentrations,indicating the impact of BC on the columnar aerosol *** estimated mean absorption Angstrom exponent was 1.02 ± 0.08 μg m-3,indicating that the major source of BC was from fossil fuel *** negative correlations between BC mass and meteorological parameters indicate a pronounced effect of atmospheric dynamics on the BC mass in this *** highest mean BC mass concentration（18.1 ± 6.9 μg m-3） as a function of wind speed was under calm wind conditions（38%of the time）.

关键词： black carbon Indo-Gangetic Plains absorption Angstr(o|¨)m exponent biomass fossil fuel

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：