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Concentrations and light absorption properties of PM_(2.5) organic and black carbon based on online measurements in Lanzhou, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第9期131卷 84-95页

作者： Pengfei Chen Shichang Kang Qinyi Gan Ye Yu Xianlei Yuan Yajun Liu Lekhendra Tripathee Xiaoxiang Wang Chaoliu Li State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesCASLanzhou 730000China Xinjiang Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau Korla 841000China

To elucidate the variations in mass concentrations of organic carbon(OC)and black carbon(BC)in PM_(2.5) and their light absorption characteristics in Lanzhou,we conducted one-year online measurements by using a newly developed total carbon analyzer(TCA08)coupled with an aethalometer(AE33)from July 2018 to July *** mean OC and BC concentrations were 6.4±4.4 and 2.0±1.3μg/m^(3),*** seasonal variations were observed for both components,with winter having the highest concentrations,followed by autumn,spring,and *** diurnal variations of OC and BC concentrations were similar throughout the year,with daily two peaks occurring in the morning and evening,respectively.A relatively low OC/BC ratio(3.3±1.2,n=345)were observed,indicating that fossil fuel combustion was the primary source of the carbonaceous *** is further substantiated by relatively low biomass burning contribution(f_(biomass):27.1%±11.3%)to BC using aethalometer based measurement though f_(biomass) value which increased significantly in winter(41.6%±5.7%).We estimated a considerable brown carbon(BrC)contribution to the total absorption coefficient(b_(abs))at 370 nm(yearly average of 30.8%±11.1%),with a winter maximum of 44.2%±4.1%and a summer minimum of 19.2%±4.2%.Calculation of the wavelength dependence of total b_(abs) revealed an annual mean AAE_(370-520) value of 4.2±0.5,with slightly higher values in spring and *** mass absorption cross-section of BrC also exhibited higher values in winter,with an annual mean of 5.4±1.9 m^(2)/g,reflecting the impact of emissions from increased biomass burning on BrC concentrations.

关键词： black carbon Brown carbon Light absorption Source Lanzhou

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Efect of dissolved organic matter on sorption and desorption of phenanthrene onto black carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2378-2383页

作者： Jinghuan Zhang Mengchang He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Normal University School of Environment Beijing Normal University College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology

Sorption and desorption of phenanthrene （PHE） onto black carbon （BC） extracted from sediments were studied in the presence of three types of dissolved organic matter （DOM）, including L-phenylalanine （L-PH）, peptone and citric acid. The nonlinearity of the sorption isotherms increased in the presence of DOM. The presence of L-PH reduced the sorption capacity and desorption hysteresis because of the solubilization of PHE in L-PH solution. Peptone at 50-500 mg/L also led to a decrease in sorption attributed to solubilization, although the sorbed peptone on the BC surface could slightly increase PHE sorption. Unlike L-PH and peptone, citric acid enhanced the sorption capacity and irreversibility of PHE on BC mainly due to the strong sorption of citric acid on the BC surface. Our results may help to understand the different impacts of DOM on the distribution and transport of PAH in the environment.

关键词： DOM black carbon phenanthrene sorption desorption

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A preliminary study on measurements of black carbon in the atmosphere of northwest Qilian Shan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 152-159页

作者： Shuyu Zhao Jing Ming Cunde Xiao Weijun Sun Xiang Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesGansu 730000China China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesGansu 730000China

black carbon （BC） concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011,at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment （hereafter ＂QSSGEE＂）,located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan,*** measured the daily,monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission *** carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18–72 ng/m 3 with the highest in summer and the lowest in *** relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind *** masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the *** positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation *** hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.

关键词： black carbon Qilian Shan cloud condensation nuclei

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High black carbon and ozone concentrations during pollution transport in the Himalayas: Five years of continuous observations at NCO-P global GAW station

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1618-1625页

作者： A. Marinoni P. Cristofanelli P. Laj R. Duchi D. Putero F. Calzolari T. C. Landi E. Vuillermoz M. Maione P. Bonasoni Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement Université Grenoble 1 CNRS EV-K2-CNR Committee Urbino University DiSBeF

To study the influence of polluted air-mass transport carrying ozone （O3） and black carbon （BC） in the high Himalayas, since March 2006 the Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid （NCO-P） GAW-WMO global station （Nepal, 5079 m a.s.l.） is operative. During the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and BC concentrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 ppb （± standard deviation） and 208 ± 374 ng/m3, respectively. Both O3 and BC showed well defined seasonal cycles with maxima during pre-monsoon （O3 ： 61.3 ± 7.7 ppbV; BC： 444 ± 433 ng/m3） and minima during the summer monsoon （O3 ： 40.1 ± 12.4 ppbV; BC： 64 ± 101 ng/m3）. The analysis of the days characterised by the presence of a significant BC increase with respect to the typical seasonal cycle identified 156 days affected by ＂acute＂ pollution events, corresponding to 9.1% of the entire data-set. Such events mostly occur in the pre-monsoon period, when the O3 diurnal variability is strongly related to the transport of polluted air-mass rich on BC. On average, these ＂acute＂ pollution events were characterised by dramatic increases of BC （352%） and O3 （29%） levels compared with the remaining days.

关键词： ozone black carbon Himalayas pollution biomass burning troposphere

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Real-Time black carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 73-81页

作者： Xuan Zheng Liqiang He Xiaoyi He Shaojun Zhang Yihuan Cao Jiming Hao Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Sustainable Systems School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1041USA State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion ***-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic ***,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly *** developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use *** demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 ***^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 ***^(-1))by a factor of *** BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC ***,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.

关键词： black carbon Light-duty gasoline vehicles Portable emissions measurement system Real-time emissions

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Radiative Forcing and Climate Response Due to black carbon in Snow and Ice

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第6期28卷 1336-1344页

作者：王志立张华沈学顺 Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The radiative forcing and climate response due to black carbon（BC） in snow and/or ice were investigated by integrating observed effects of BC on snow/ice albedo into an atmospheric general circulation model（BCC AGCM2.0.1） developed by the National Climate Center（NCC） of the China Meteorological Administration（CMA）.The results show that the global annual mean surface radiative forcing due to BC in snow/ice is ＋0.042 W m 2,with maximum forcing found over the Tibetan Plateau and regional mean forcing exceeding ＋2.8 W m *** global annual mean surface temperature increased 0.071 C due to BC in snow/*** surface radiative forcing was clearly shown in winter and spring and increased the surface temperature of snow/ice in the Northern *** surface temperatures of snow-covered areas of Eurasia and North America in winter（spring） increased by 0.83 C（0.6 C） and 0.83 C（0.46 C）,*** rates also increased greatly,leading to earlier snowmelt and peak runoff *** the rise of surface temperatures in the Arctic,more water vapor could be released into the atmosphere,allowing easier cloud formation,which could lead to higher thermal emittance in the ***,the total cloud forcing could decrease due to increasing cloud cover,which will offset some of the positive feedback mechanism of the clouds.

关键词： black carbon snow/ice radiative forcing climate effects

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An improved method for quantitatively measuring the sequences of total organic carbon and black carbon in marine sediment cores

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第1期36卷 105-113页

作者：徐小明祝青周芊至刘金钟袁建平王江海 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering / South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Understanding global carbon cycle is critical to uncover the mechanisms of global warming and remediate its adverse ef fects on human *** carbon in marine sediments is an indispensable part of the global carbon reservoir in global carbon *** such a reservoir calls for quantitative studies of marine carbon burial,which closely depend on quantifying total organic carbon and black carbon in marine sediment cores and subsequently on obtaining their high-resolution temporal ***,the conventional methods for detecting the contents of total organic carbon or black carbon cannot resolve the following specific difficulties,i.e.,(1)a very limited amount of each subsample versus the diverse analytical items,(2) a low and fluctuating recovery rate of total organic carbon or black carbon versus the reproducibility of carbon data,and(3)a large number of subsamples versus the rapid batch *** this work,(i)adopting the customized disposable ceramic crucibles with the microporecontrolled ability,(ii)developing self-made or customized facilities for the procedures of acidification and chemothermal oxidization,and(iii)optimizing procedures and carbon-sulfur analyzer,we have built a novel Wang-Xu-Yuan method(the WXY method)for measuring the contents of total organic carbon or black carbon in marine sediment cores,which includes the procedures of pretreatment,weighing,acidification,chemothermal oxidation and quantification;and can fully meet the requirements of establishing their highresolution temporal sequences,whatever in the recovery,experimental efficiency,accuracy and reliability of the measurements,and homogeneity of *** particular,the usage of disposable ceramic crucibles leads to evidently simplify the experimental scenario,which further results in the very high recovery rates for total organic carbon and black *** new technique may provide a significant support for revealing the mechanism of carbon burial and

关键词： total organic carbon black carbon marine sediment cores chemothermal oxidation disposable ceramic crucible

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Soil Organic carbon, black carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 517-524页

作者： SHAO Xing-hua ZHENG Jian-wei Department of Life Science Shangrao Normal University

The present study aims to understand the effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon （SOC）, black carbon （BC）, enzyme activity, and the relationships among these parameters. Paddy field was continuously fertilized over 30 yr with nine different fertilizer treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK （two-fold NPK）, NPK＋manure （NPKM）, and CK （no fertilization）, N, 90 kg urea-N ha^-1 yr^-1; P, 45 kg triple superphosphate-P205 ha^-1 yr^-1; K, 75 kg potassium chloride-K20 ha^-1 yr^-1; and pig manure, 22 500 kg ha^-1 yr^-1. Soil samples were collected and determined for SOC, BC content, and enzyme activity. The results showed that the SOC in the NPKM treatment was significantly higher than those in the K, P, and CK treatments. The lowest SOC content was found in the CK treatment. SOC content was similar in the N, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK, and NPKM treatments. There was no significant difference in BC content among different treatments. The BC-to-SOC ratios （BC/SOC） ranged from 0.50 to 0.63, suggesting that BC might originate from the same source. Regarding enzyme activity, NPK treatment had higher urease activity than NPKM treatment. The urease activity of NPKM treatment was significantly higher than that of 2NPK, NP, N, P, K, CK, and NPKM treatment which produced higher activities of acid phosphatase, catalase, and invertase than all other treatments. Our results indicated that long-term fertilization did not significantly affect BC content. Concurrent application of manure and mineral fertilizers increased SOC content and significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities. Correlation analysis showed that catalase activity was significantly associated with invertase activity, but SOC, BC, and enzyme activity levels were not significantly correlated with one another. No significant correlations were observed between BC and soil enzymes. It is unknown whether soil enzymes play a role in the decomposition of BC.

关键词： organic carbon black carbon enzyme activity fertilization

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Mitigation of black carbon emissions could immediately reduce 6.3% of glacier melting in the Qilian Mountains

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 725-736页

作者： Ji-Zu CHEN Wen-Tao DU Shi-Chang KANG Xiang QIN Wei-Jun SUN Li-Hui LUO Yang LI Jun-Hua YANG You-Yan JIANG Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Eco-environment Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Zhangye Meteorological Bureau Zhangye 734000China Lanzhou Regional Climate Center Lanzhou 730020China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Gansu Provincial Industry Technology Center of Inteligent Equipment and Big Data for Disaster Prevention Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China

Global warming in tandem with surface albedo reduction caused by black carbon(BC)deposition on glaciers accelerated glacier melting;however,their respective contributions remain *** in the Qilian Mountains are crucial for the development of oases in the Hexi Corridor;however,their area has decreased by more than 20%over the past ***,this study developed a dynamic deposition model for light-absorbing particles(LAPs),coupled with a surface energy and mass balance *** comprehensively assessed the effects of BC and warming on the melting of a typical glacier in the Qilian Mountains based on the coupled *** on the glacier surface caused 13.1%of annual glacier-wide melting,of which directly deposited atmospheric BC reduced the surface albedo by 0.02 and accounted for 9.1%of glacier *** air temperature during 2000-2010 has increased by 1.5℃ relative to that during the 1950s,accounting for 51.9%of current glacier ***,BC emission have increased by 4.6 times compared to those of the early Industrial Revolution recorded in an ice core,accounting conservatively for 6.3%of current glacier *** BC emissions has a limited influence on current glacier melting;however,in the long-term,mitigation should exert a noteworthy impact on glacier melting through the self-purification of glaciers.

关键词： Glacier Melting black carbon Simulation Qilian Mountains

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Phenanthrene sorption to environmental black carbon in sediments from the Song-Liao watershed(China)

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第4期3卷 434-442页

作者： Jinghuan ZHANG Mengchang HE Chunye LIN Ke SUN Bin MEN John L.ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

black carbon(BC)in ten contaminated sediments from the Song-Liao watershed,NE China,was isolated upon treatments using a combustion method at 375℃,and the isolates’sorption isotherms for phenanthrene(Phen)were *** sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well by the Freundlich model.A negative relation was found between Freundlich sorption nonlinearity parameter(n values)and BC/total organic carbon(TOC)content of the original sediments(r^(2)=0.687,p<0.01),indicating the dominance of BC in Phen sorption *** BC isolates from this industrialized region had n values of 0.342 to 0.505 and logKFOC values of 6.02 to 6.42(μg·kg^(–1)·OC^(–1))/(μg·L^(–1))n for *** a given Ce,the BC had higher Koc value than the original sediments,revealing a higher sorption capacity for *** was responsible for 50.0%to 87.3%of the total sorption at Ce=0.05 Sw,clearly indicating the dominance of BC particles in overall sorption of Phen by sediments.

关键词： phenanthrene sorption black carbon sediment Song-Liao watershed

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