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More Rights but Less Gains:Relaxed birth control Policyand the Loss for Women

China & World Economy 2023年第2期31卷 159-191页

作者： Ying Zhao Lin Zhang Yuanping Lu Bo Wen School of Public Finance and Taxation Institute of Income Distribution and Public FinanceZhongnan University of Economics and LawChina School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongChina College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences City University of Hong KongCity University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research InstituteChina

In view of its aging population,China initiated in 2012 a relaxed birth control policy after a three-decades-long implementation of the restrictive one-child *** paper examines how China's relaxed birth control policy leads to gender *** specifically focuses on migrant workers because they account for a significant portion of the working *** the National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey from 2014 to 2016,we found that China's two-child pilot policy reduced female labor force participation by 1.4 percentage *** negative effect was more pronounced for women with higher educational levels or working in the private sector because employers foresee greater risks of productivity *** demonstrated that the gender pay gap increased from RMB956 to RMB1,053 during this same *** these unintended consequences brought about by the relaxation of the one-child policy helps provide a more complete picture of inequality and make sense of persistent relative poverty in Chinese *** counteract gender discrimination,females are advised to work outside their home jurisdictions and take advantage of positive peer effects.

关键词： birth control gender inequality migrant worker two-child policy wage gap

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Medication for birth control in Bitch at Battambang City,Battambang Province,Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第2期13卷 61-67页

作者： Nal Si Sokun Khoeurn Manay It Kouch Theng Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Faculty of Agriculture University of Svay RiengSvay Rieng 200705Cambodia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The observation study was conducted in Battambang City,Battambang province,by interviewing the 88 dog owners,who came to the animal pharmacy stores and clinics by using convenience sampling method of nonrandomized *** the results of the interviews,showed that the dog owners were selected in different range of age and gender,however,most of them were in middle age from 21-40 years old,with medium and rich living *** confinement in premise/house was primarily applied by dog *** number of bitches per household was from 1 to 3 batches,and there was no association with the wellbeing of the owners,and the age was from 2 to 4 years old,but some bitches had older *** of the bitches were dewormed in last 3 months and 6 months,however,there were some bitches last more than 6 months after *** bitch vaccination was applied by owner around for 60.00%.There were two popular types of vaccination,Rabies and DHLPP(Distemper,Hepatitis,Leptospirosis,Parvovirus,and Parainfluenza).For dog population management,about 94.29%of the owners apply nonsurgical method with applying *** reasons for using nonsurgical method were not only the cheapest price and easy way,but also there was no information on the consequence of using medication for birth *** medication was highly used before ***,almost half of them got health problem in less than 3 months after administration,also some got long-term *** clinical signs observed,the enlargement of belly was the most evidence,since 54.76%of affected bitches had shown it,then followed by discharge blood from vulvar,clear discharge and thick white pus from vulvar,accounting for 38.10%,35.71%and 26.71%,respectively.

关键词： Bitch vaccination birth control clinical signs

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Use of biological and chemical molecules in regulating embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022年第4期6卷 234-242页

作者： Xian Chen Shu-Ya Sun Ernest Hung-Yu Ng Raymond Hang-Wun Li William Shu-Biu Yeung Kai-Fai Lee Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology LKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053China

This review summarizes the drugs and chemicals that may modulate embryo ***-hormonal molecules,including aspirin,improved endometrial blood flow,while low molecular weight heparin,vitamin E,sildenafil,and atosiban modulated the expression of endometrial *** factors,including human chorionic gonadotropin and growth hormones,can regulate the expression of endometrial receptivity *** immunomodulatory molecules,including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,autologous platelet-rich plasma,and intralipid and intravenous immunoglobulins,may improve implantation rate by modulating endometrial immune *** extracts of the Chinese herbs Paeonia lactiflora and Perilla frutescens increased the expression of leukemia inhibitory factors in endometrial epithelial ***,the use of the commercially available Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds with a high-throughput screening method has provided an approach to screen for compounds that may potentially enhance or suppress embryo *** these biomedical findings translate into clinical effects that enhance or suppress embryo implantation requires further investigation.

关键词： Embryo implantation Endometrial receptivity fertilization Repeated implantation failure birth control Emergency contraception

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常规治理何以替代运动式治理

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社会学评论 2015年第5期

作者：陈恩

本文旨在通过海南省一个县30年计划生育史来考察运动式治理为何及如何转向常规治理。在中国社会体制结构下，治理目标和治理能力不匹配是运动式治理的充分条件。但解决治理的有效性和合法性问题只是常规治理取代运动式治理的必要条件。... 详细信息

本文旨在通过海南省一个县30年计划生育史来考察运动式治理为何及如何转向常规治理。在中国社会体制结构下，治理目标和治理能力不匹配是运动式治理的充分条件。但解决治理的有效性和合法性问题只是常规治理取代运动式治理的必要条件。基层政府缺乏将运动式治理转向常规治理的内源动力，治理模式转型是来自国家顶层的外在动力驱动，是一种外生逻辑所致；生育控制成效显著、节育对象减少等出生人口控制目标变得不再紧迫为常规治理解决治理有效性奠定基础。国家顶层通过改变目标管理责任制考核指标来推动基层政府建设系统性治理能力，从而为治理模式转型奠定基础。而长期计划生育宣传、节育对象服从使常规治理解决了合法性问题。在常规治理具备解决计划生育的有效性和合法性问题前提下，基层政府在上级考核压力之下才将运动式治理转向常规治理。

关键词：运动式治理常规治理计划生育 campaign-style governance routine governance birth control

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民国时期人口研究探微

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人口学与计划生育 2001年第2期

作者：顾鉴塘

在中国，有关人口问题的研究思想并非肇始于民国(1912-1949)；确切说来，民国期间已初步形成了具现代社会科学特征的现代中国人口学研究的若干基础。换言之，民国时期的人口研究以其学术思想的活跃、研究手段的进步和涉猎问题的广泛而... 详细信息

在中国，有关人口问题的研究思想并非肇始于民国(1912-1949)；确切说来，民国期间已初步形成了具现代社会科学特征的现代中国人口学研究的若干基础。换言之，民国时期的人口研究以其学术思想的活跃、研究手段的进步和涉猎问题的广泛而对现代中国人口学的研究产生了至为深刻的影响。民国时期学者从不同的视角和专业门类提出的人口观和人口政策主张，以及他们所采用的人口研究和调查方法，丰富了中国人口研究的理论库藏，也为后人提供了有益的启迪和贡献。

关键词：民国时期人口研究人口问题生育节制移民实边 population study the Republic of China birth control

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