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birds’Diversity in Kalfou Forest Reserve and Its Peripheral Zone, Far North, Cameroon

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 137-155页

作者： Ghislain Noé Kougoum Piebeng Simon A. Tamungang Daksala Wansang Jean Tonleu Laurentine Soufo Muhammad Bilal Awa II Taku Alexis Teguia Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Environmental Sciences Higher Polytechnical Training School University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Biology Virtual University of Pakistan Rawalpindi Campus Punjab Pakistan Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The Far North Region of Cameroon is home to a great diversity of bird species, which unfortunately remains very little explored. This work was initiated to establish an inventory of birds and the factors affecting their diversity and distribution for sustainable management in the Kalfou Forest Reserve (KFR) and its periphery. Two methods were used for sampling, linear strip transects from which direct counts and indirect observations were made and the mist netting to complement the first. In total, 2525 birds were observed, including 149 species, belonging to 20 orders and 55 families. Accipitridae had the greatest number of species (11). The species richness was greater in the KFR (117 species) compared to the periphery (95 species). The specific richness was higher in wooded savannah compared to other habitats. Shannon index was significantly higher in the KFR (3.99) compared to that obtained in the periphery (3.80). The value of the Simpson index was higher on the outskirts of the KFR than on the periphery. The indices of species diversity were greater in the wooded savannah compared to other vegetation types. The seasons had no influence on bird diversity. Among the human activities encountered, the pressure indices were more important for grazing (7.3 contacts/km). Human activities have resulted in a significant decrease in specific richness. Six endangered species were encountered, four belonging to the Accipitridae family. The greater bird diversity in the reserve compared to the periphery shows that protected areas are a long-term solution for biodiversity conservation.

关键词： bird Diversity Habitats bird species Human Activities Conservation Kalfou

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Masting effect on alpha and beta avian diversity in fragmented forests of relict?endangered Mexican Beech(Fagus grandifolia subsp.mexicana)

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 576-590页

作者： Ernesto CRodríguez-Ramírez Levinn Camacho-Islas Ana Paola Martínez-Falcón Isolda Luna-Vega Pilar Carbó-Ramírez Laboratorio de Dendrocronología Universidad ContinentalHuancayoPerú Laboratorio de Biogeografía y Sistemática Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Estado de HidalgoHidalgoMexico Independent Researcher OuluFinland

Background:Tropical montane cloud forests are one of the most important hotspots on Earth and show presence of relict-endemic and endangered species,representing about 14%of the total tropical forest worldwide.Synchronous seed production or masting in tropical montane cloud tree species is a widespread reproductive strategy of decidu-ous and evergreen broad-leaved tree associations to decrease costs of reproduction and ensure offspring.Masting event maintains a high avian diversity,which can be modified by phenological process(seed production and non-seed production).Methods:The main aim of this study was to assess alpha and beta avian diversity and whether the composition of the trophic guild modifies among phenological processes and between two fragmented relict-endangered Mexican Beech(Fagus grandifolia subsp.mexicana)forests(Medio Monte and El Gosco)in the Mexican state of Hidalgo.In addi-tion,we evaluated beechnut production.Results:We recorded 36 bird species,11 of them included in some conservation risk status,and 5 endemic species.Alpha diversity values were dissimilar in avian richness(q=0)among phenological processes and between frag-mented beech forests.Avian communities among three phenological processes and between fragmented forests were structurally similar,dominated during immature seeds the Brown-backed Solitaire(granivores-insectivores-frugivores);during mature seeds the White-crowned Parrot(Pionus senilis,granivores-frugivores);and the Dwarf Jay(Cyanolyca nana,insectivores)was abundant during low seed quality.The complementarity index was high among phenological processes and low between forests.We found a high bird turnover value between immature seeds—mature seeds and during mature seeds—low seed quality.Furthermore,a similar pattern was recorded between the two study forests.Seed production showed a high number of undamaged beechnuts in Medio Monte,while in El Gosco beechnuts were attacked by insects.Conclusions:Our results reflect that masting phenological process and contrasting study fore

关键词： Avian seed consumers bird species Synchronous seed production Tropical montane cloud forest Turnover Zentrygon albifacies

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True cicadas (Cicadidae) as prey for the birds of the Western Palearctic: a review

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 174-182页

作者： Pere Pons Departament de Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Girona

Background:True cicadas(Cicadidae)are large and temporarily abundant insects.Their availability may produce demographic and behavioural effects on bird populations,as happens with forest avifauna feeding on periodical cicadas in North America.In Europe,the Near East and North Africa,knowledge of cicada predation by birds is sparse.Methods:To help fill this gap,I consulted Cramp’s birds of the Western Palearctic,conducted a search of online databases and used search engines to generate a database of Western Palearctic birds known to eat cicadas.Results:A total of 105 species(16%of those occurring in the region)belonging to 13 orders,and comprising 20 of the 33 passerine families,were found to consume cicadas.I estimated that 69 of these bird species are known to consume cicadas within the limits of the Western Palearctic.Many terrestrial birds predate on cicadas,preferably on adults.Avian predators include cuckoos,owls,bee-eaters,woodpeckers,falcons,reed-warblers,larks,crows and jays,buntings,shrikes,pipits and wagtails,flycatchers and chats,tits,sparrows,leaf-warblers,starlings,warblers and thrushes,but also terns and gulls.Nymphs are consumed by some passerines,owls and herons.Cicadas can make up as much as 70%of food items delivered to nestlings.Analysis of stomach contents and neck collar samples are the most common methods used in diet studies.Conclusions:Available knowledge is biased towards species that have been more intensively studied,and often lack proper quantification of prey items.More studies about the relative importance of cicadas as prey for birds in the Western Palearctic are needed.I suggest using non-invasive studies based on pellets and droppings and prioritizing declining bird species.

关键词： bird species Cicadidae Cramp’s handbook Diet studies Predator-prey relationships

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Grey Crowned Crane and Shoebills Conservation Status and Linkage to Livelihoods of Lake Victoria Shores Adjacent Communities in Mayuge District, Eastern Uganda

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第10期8卷 175-191页

作者： Priscilla Nyadoi Laster Stoney Ogola Harriet Kyakyo Gilbert Tayebwa John Bosco Lamoris Okullo Thomas Aramu Uganda Wildlife Society Kampala Uganda Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Natural Resources and Environment Mayuge District Local Government Mayuge Uganda

This research was done among communities living adjacent to Lake Victoria Shores in Mayuge District to generate knowledge on Shoebill, Grey Crowned Crane conservation status and linkage to livelihoods. This knowledge was necessary to guide design and implementation of interventions that would deliver on the species conservation and adjacent communities’ livelihood benefits at the same time. We obtained information through individual interviews with 101 members of households from targeted communities and key informers-technical officials from the district, and analysed this data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) by Bryman and Cramer, (2011) Version 20. The results were then subjected to validation using focus group discussions with 10 groups of between 8 - 15 individuals representing the targeted communities and other stakeholders and the results from this further validated with ≥250 representatives of these stakeholders in a one day workshop and with evidences collected during field observations, before synthesis. The findings show: Grey Crowned Crane habitats declining due to mining, agriculture, fishing activities by adjacent communities for their livelihoods (food and income from sale of produce obtained from the species’ habitats). The communities say they need to be engaged in development and implementation of integrated interventions that will improve their livelihoods while securing conservation for Grey Crowned Cranes. They among others propose ecotourism enterprises, training and sensitization on environment and wildlife conservation practices, policies and laws to enhance their knowledge and compliance in management. The fisher folk say fish is often found within Grey Crowned Cranes’ habitats and breeding grounds in the Lake and to avoid destroying the habitats, they need engine boats and standard fishing nets to enable fishing far away in the deeper waters. Crop farming communities say they need commercial, soil fertility improving tree species to plant boundary to the buffer zon

关键词： Populations Habitats bird species Ordinance GEF International Union for Conservation of Nature Crop Farmers Fisher Folk

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