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biological factors controlling starch digestibility in human digestive system

Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 351-358页

作者： Cheng Li Yiming Hu Songnan Li Xueer Yi Shuaibo Shao Wenwen Yu Enpeng Li School of Health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaInstitutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Pathology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200031China Department of Food Science&Engineering Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Starch digestion rate and location in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)are critical for human health.This review aims to present a comprehensive summary on our current understanding of physiological,biochemical,anatomical and geometrical factors of human digestive system that are related to in vivo starch digestibility.It is shown that all digestive compartments including mouth,stomach,small intestine,and large intestine play critical roles in regulating the overall starch digestion process.A proper investigation of starch digestion pattern should thus be based on the consideration of all these compartments.Main biological factors are summarized as oral mastication and salivation,gastric emptying and motility,small intestinal enzymes and motility,large intestinal resistant starch(RS)-microbiota interactions and gut-brain feedback control,as well as glucose adsorption and hormonal feedback control.However,connections among these biological factors in determining starch digestive behaviors remain elusive.This is due to the inherent complexity of human GIT anatomy,motility and biochemical conditions,as well as ethical,financial and technical issues in conducting clinical studies.Much technological and scientific efforts from both clinical studies and in vitro simulation models are required for a better understanding of in vivo starch digestion behaviors.

关键词： Starch digestion Human gastrointestinal tract biological factors Gastric emptying rate Gut microbiota

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A mini-review on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected intertemporal choice

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Psychoradiology 2023年第1期3卷 87-94页

作者： Xinwen Zhang Ziyun Wu Qinghua He Faculty of Psychology MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and PersonalitySouthwest UniversityCN400715ChongqingChina Southwest University Branch Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment to ward Basic Education QualityCN400715ChongqingChina

The coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has extremely harmful effects on individual lifestyles,and at present,people must make financial or survival decisions under the profound changes frequently.Although it has been reported that COVID-19 changed decision-making patterns,the underlying mechanisms remained unclear.This mini-review focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on in-tertemporal choice,and potential psychological,biological,and social factors that mediate this relationship.A search of the Web of Science electronic database yielded 23 studies.The results showed that under the COVID-19 pandemic,people tended to choose immediate and smaller rewards,and became less patient.In particular,people with negative emotions,in a worse condition of physical health,or who did not comply with their government restriction rules tended to become more"short-sighted"in behavioral terms.Future studies should examine more longitudinal and cross-cultural research to give a broad view about the decision-making change under the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 intertemporal choice biological factors psychological factors social factors

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Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 in cultured brain slices after oxygen-glucose deprivation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第4期8卷 328-337页

作者： Hong Cui Weijuan Han Lijun Yang Yanzhong Chang College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Department of Pediatrics Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical University

Oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 expressed in oligodendrocytes may trigger the repair of neuronal myelin impairment, and play a crucial role in myelin repair. Hypoxia-inducible factor la, a transcription factor, is of great significance in premature infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage There is little evidence of direct regulatory effects of hypoxia-inducible factor le on oligodendrocyte lineage gene-l. In this study, brain slices of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Then, slices were transfected with hypoxia-inducible factor la or oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1. The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor la and oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 were significantly up-regulated in rat brains prior to transfection, as detected by immunohistochemical staining. Eight hours after transfection of slices with hypoxia-inducible factor la, oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 expression was upregulated, and reached a peak 24 hours after transfection. Oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 transfection induced no significant differences in hypoxia-inducible factor la levels in rat brain tissues with oxygen-glucose deprivation. These experimental findings indicate that hypoxia-inducible factor la can regulate oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 expression in hypoxic brain tissue, thus repairing the neural impairment.

关键词： neural regeneration brain injury biological factors hypoxia-inducible factor la oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 oxygen-glucose deprivation brain slice culture immunohistochemistry oligodendrocyte myelin repair premature delivery rat grants-supported paper photographs-containing paper neuroregeneration

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Optimization of reporter gene assay:several factors influencing detection of promoter activity

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第11期120卷 965-969页

作者： XUE Li-xiang WENG Mo ZHANG Zong-yu TONG Tan-jun Department or Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Health Science Center Peking University Beijing 100083 China

Background Promoter analysis is currently applied to detect the expression of the targeted gene in studies of signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. As a reporter gene, luciferase plays an important role and has been used widely in the promoter assay. Methods Human embryonic lung fibroblast cells （2BS）, HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells were transfected with various genes embedded by lipofectamine. This study determined vadous factors that affect promoter activity determination, such as the selection of the reporter genes and internal references, the dose and the type of the vectors carrying the transcription factors, the host cells and the instruments. Results The sensitivity of the luciferase assay was much higher than that of enhanced green fluorescence protein （EGFP）. Moreover, promoter activity is increased in a dose-related manner only in certain ranges outside of which the results may be reversed and the promoter activity is related to the expression vector which is carrying the cDNA. Otherwise, the length of the promoter, internal references and the host cell can also influence the promoter activity. Conclusions To detect the promoter activity accurately, a few factors including dose, vector, length and host cell which influence reporter gene assay aforementioned should be considered.

关键词： promoter regions activity assay luciferases green fluorescent proteins biological factors

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Establishment of a cell-based assay to screen regulators for Klotho gene promoter

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第9期 63-68页

作者： Zhi-liang XU, Hong GAO, Ke-qing OU-YANG, Shao-xi CAI, Ying-he HUKey Laboratory of Biomechanics & Tissue Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

AIM: To discover compounds which can regulate Klotho promoter activity. Klotho is an aging suppressor gene. A defect in Klotho gene expression in the mouse results in the phenotype similar to human aging. Recombinant Klotho protein improves age-associated diseases in animal models. It has been proposed that up-regulation of Klotho gene expression may have anti-aging effects. METHODS: Klotho promoter was cloned into a

关键词： Klotho protein aging biological factors drug screening

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