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Identification of Motor Nuclei in the Medulla Oblongata of Carp for biological control

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 842-851页

作者： Yang Zhao Yong Peng Yudong Wen Lingjun Han Yanhong Yan Xueying Dong Hui Zhang Zheng Zhao Xiaoyue Liu School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Key Laboratory of National Defense of Mechanical Structure and Material Science Under Extreme Conditions Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Institute of Marine Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Shijiazhuang University Shijiazhuang050035China

Brain-controlled technology is the key technology in biological control,and the corresponding relationship between animal brain nuclei and motor behavior is the *** purpose of this study was to explore the motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata in *** carps were subjected to electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation experiments,respectively,in the water-free state,and the effective chemical stimulation sites were injected with the pontamine sky blue *** brain tissue sections were obtained by paraffin tissue section technology and the neutral red staining *** comparing the positions of the brain nuclei shown in earlier studies,the motor nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata were *** brain electrode was implanted into the motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata,and the underwater control experiment and behavioral tests were carried out with different electrical stimulation *** results showed that the abducens nucleus(NVI)was the motor nucleus that controls the ipsilateral steering,and the facial nucleus(NVII)was the motor nucleus that controls the forward *** adjusting the stimulation voltage and the stimulation pulse number,the carp can be stably controlled to achieve a left–right steering motion of 30°–180°and a forward motion of more than 80 cm/*** study indicated that the quantitative control of the steering and forward behavior of the carp can be achieved by electrical stimulation of the NVI and NVII,which provided a certain experimental basis for the accurate control of the carp robot.

关键词： biological control Carp Medulla oblongata motor nucleus Electrical stimulation technique Chemical stimulation technique

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Identification and Characterization of Lysobacter enzymogenes as a biological control Agent Against Some Fungal Pathogens

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第1期8卷 68-75页

作者： QIAN Guo-liang HU Bai-shi JIANG Ying-hua LIU Feng-quan Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University~Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Managementof Crop Diseases and Pest Insects Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

Strain OH11, a Gram-negative, nonspore forming, rod-shaped bacterium with powerful antagonistic activity, was isolated from rhizosphere of green pepper in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences of China and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain OH11 belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria and had the highest degree of sequence similarity to Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 （AY074793）（99%）, Lysobacter enzymogenes strain N4-7 （U89965）（99%）, Lysobacter antibioticus strain （AB019582）（97%）, and Lysobacter gummosus strain （AB16136）（97%）. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain OHI 1 possesses a quinine system with Q-8 as the predominant compound and C15：0 iso, C17：1 iso ω9c as the predominant iso-branched fatty acids, all of which corroborated the assignment of strain OH11 to the genus Lysobacter. Results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly showed that strain OH11 was classified as Lysobacter enzymogenes. Strain OH11 could produce protease, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase. It showed strong in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia scletotiorum, and several other phytopathogenic fungi. This is the first report of identification and characterization of Lysobacter enzymogenes as a biological control agent of plant diseases in China.

关键词： Lysobacter enzymogenes identification characterization biological control

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Energy budgets of the Chinese green lacewing （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） and its potential for biological control of the cotton aphid （Homoptera： Aphididae）

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 497-502页

作者： FENG GAO XIANG-HUI LIU FENG GE State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Energy budgets of larval stages of the Chinese green lacewing, Chrysopa sinica （Tjeder）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） were determined under laboratory conditions at photoperiod of 14：10 L：D, 27 ± 1℃ and 75% ± 2% RH. The energy used as ingestion, assimilation, respiration, productivity and feces was constructed for each developmental stage. In addition, under these experimental conditions, the potential of C. sinica as a biological control agent was evaluated according to the ingestion by this predator and the energy content of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii （Glover）（Homoptera： Aphididae）. The larval stage of C. sinica was able to consume 1281.4 1-day-old aphids, 1018.7 2-day-old aphids, 626.9 3-day-old aphids, 393.5 4-day-old aphids, 312.1 5-day-old aphids or 203.5 9-day-old aphids, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the estimated number of aphids consumed by the lacewings using energetic methods and the actual number of aphids consumed by the lacewings in this experiment. Our results showed that C. sinica is an important natural enemy of the cotton aphid, and energetic methods are very useful to quantify biological control efficacy of natural enemies.

关键词： Aphis gossypii biological control Chrysopa sinica ecological efficiency,energy budget predation

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Population genetic structure of the biological control agent Macrolophus pygmaeus in Mediterranean agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 859-876页

作者： Jean-Claude Streito Cecile Clouett Faten Hamdi Nathalie Gauthier IRD UMR (INRA/IRDICiradlMontpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations INRA UMR (INRA/IRDI CiradlMontpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 34988Montferrier-sur-Lez France

biological control of agricultural pests relies on knowledge of agroecosystem functionality, particularly when affected by the use of mass-produced biological agents. Incorporating pre- and/or post-release information such as genetic diversity and struc- ture on these agents using molecular-based approaches could advance our knowledge of how they perform in agroecosystems. We evaluated the population genetics of Macrolo- phus pygmaeus, the most widely used predatory mirid against many arthropod pests of greenhouse crops in the Mediterranean region, using the mitochondrial Cytb sequence and microsatellite data, and population genetics and phylogeny approaches. We investigated commercially mass-produced insects （i.e., commercial insects either mass-reared in the laboratory for many generations, or purchased by farmers and released in the greenhouses） and ＂wild＂ insects （i.e., that occur naturally outside or are collected in nature for release in the greenhouses）. The mirids were mainly collected in agroecosystems in which solana- ceous plants are grown in northern Spain, southern France and Greece. Both molecular markers and approaches distinguished 2 genetically differentiated populations. The less genetically diverse population, hereafter named the ＂commercial＂ strain included all indi- viduals from laboratory mass-rearings and most releases of commercially bred individuals. The most genetically diverse population mainly comprised individuals originating from noncultivated environments, or from releases of＂wild＂ individuals. Rare examples of hy- bridization between M. pygmaeus from the 2 populations were observed and asymmetric gene flow was revealed. These findings provide new insights into what happens to M. pyg- maeus released in the agroecosystems we studied, and show that it is possible to monitor some commercial strains.

关键词： biological control commercial vs. wild strains Macrolophus pygmaeus microsatellites mtCytb population genetics

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Differential temperature responses between Plutella xylostella and its specialist endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum—Implications for biological control

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 855-864页

作者： Leyun Wang Kayvan Etebari Zihua Zhao Gimme H.Walter Michael J.Furlong School of biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Understanding the thermal dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions is crucial to predicting how biological control of pest insects by parasitoids might be affected by geographic location and climate *** compared performance traits of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)and its solitary endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae),over a wide range of constant rearing temperatures(10-30℃).Parasitoids reared at 30℃ experienced reductions in pupation rate,pupal mass,egg load,and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower *** analyses of the fate of parasitoids and their hosts and intergenerational population growth at different rearing temperatures show that *** and *** respond differently to temperature,leading to divergent outcomes under different temperature *** parasitoid larvae could not complete development at 30℃,the temperature at which the host biomass was least and the metabolic demands of the parasitoid could be high,suggesting that parasitoid development might be constrained by lack of host resources at higher *** discuss the potential mechanisms of parasitoid susceptibility to elevated temperatures,which likely explain the pronounced seasonal dynamics of *** in subtropical regions and its failure to establish in lowland tropical regions,where *** is a serious *** interactions in other host-parasitoid associations would constrain the efficacy of parasitoids as biological control agents as global temperatures increase.

关键词： biological control climate change Diadegma semiclausum host-parasitoid interaction,Plutella xylostella temperature

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Flavonoid-producing tomato plants have a direct negative effect on the zoophytophagous biological control agent Oriussauteri

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Insect Science 2023年第1期30卷 173-184页

作者： Fengbo Yang Xinyi Zhang Haowei Shen Hu Xue Tian Tian Qinghe Zhang Jinyu Hu Hong Tong Youjun Zhang Qi Su Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouHubei ProvinceChina Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBejingChina

Orius sauteri(Poppius)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)is often used for biological control of small arthropod pests in greenhouse vegetable production systems in *** addition to feeding on arthropod prey,*** consumes small quantities of plant *** studies demonstrated that tomato plant chemistry confers antixenosis resistance to phloem-feeding whiteflies,but the potential nontarget effects of phytochemicals on the beneficial predator *** are *** of *** confined to near-isogenic lines(NILs)of tomatoes producing high levels offlavonoids(NIL-purple hypocotyl;resistant to whiteflies)and low levels of flavonoids(NIL-green hypocotyl;susceptible to whiteflies)revealed that *** had reduced oviposition,nymphal survival,and development on resistant plants,even if they were also provided with prey that did not feed on the host ***,*** showed a significant ovipositional preference in choice assays,laying significantly more eggs on susceptible than on resistant *** gut content analysis using the specific chloroplast trnL gene from tomato confirmed that adult and immature *** feed on both resistant and susceptible genotypes,and feeding behavior assays revealed that resistance did not affect plant feeding or prey acceptance by *** *** results demonstrate a direct negative effect of phytochemicals on a nontarget beneficial species and indicate that resistance mediated by phytochemicals can affect organisms that do not solely feed on phloem *** results also indicate that the mode of action and the potential ecological effects of phytochemicalmediated resistance are broader than previously recognized.

关键词： biological control host plant resistance insect resistance integrated pest management natural enemy phytochemistry

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Integrated biological control of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes by a novel combination of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), and the weevil, Neochetina spp.

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第1期29卷 162-166页

作者： GOPALAKRISHNAN Ayyaru RAJKUMAR Mayalagu 孙军 PARIDA Ajay VENMATHI MARAN Balu Alagar Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Annamalai University Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation Third Cross StreetInstitutional Area Takehara Marine Science Station Graduate School of Biosphere ScienceHiroshima University

The efficacy of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella （Cyprinidae） and weevils Neochetina spp. （Curculionidae） to control the aquatic weed, water hyacinth, is investigated in a square net cage （happas） setting at a farm in Cuddalore District, South India. This novel combination of insects and fish is found to be superior to individual treatments for controlling the weed growth within ll0 d. The biomass of the weed, number of plants, percentage of flowered plants and chlorophyll contents were studied. The weed biomass is reduced from 5 kg （day 1） to 0.33 kg （day 110） when exposed to grass carp and weevils. The number of plants is reduced to 0.75 in grass carp and weevil exposed happas, while it is 741.5 in the control. The mean number of leaves per plant is also reduced. In addition, the chlorophyll a and b are significantly reduced in happas exposed to the combination of fish and insects when compared to the other treatments. Based on the results of this study, we consider the combined use of grass carp and weevils to be more efficient and sustainable for managing water hyacinths than the use of these organisms individually.

关键词： water hyacinth grass carp weevil biological control

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biological control of Tortricidae in Tea Fields in Japan Using Insect Viruses and Parasitoids

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 323-332页

作者： Madoka Nakai Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Tea is a perennial and evergreen plant. Cultivated tea trees provide a habitat for insect pests and their natural enemies. In Japan, granuloviruses (GVs) have successfully controlled two of the most important pests of tea, Adoxophyes honmai and Homona magnanima (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera). The GVs are produced in vivo and a single application sustains pesticidal efficacy throughout a year, which encompasses 4 to 5 discrete generations of both species. A. honmai and H. magnanima also have various natural enemies, especially hymenopteran parasitoids. Such resident natural enemies also play a role in reducing the pest density in virus-controlled fields, but the effect of virus infection on parasitoids sharing the same host larva has not been well studied. Survival of one of the major parasitoids of A. honmai, Ascogaster reticulata (Braconidae: Hymenoptera), is reduced by virus infection of the host. Viruses, including GV and entomopoxvirus (EPV), and certain koinobiont endoparasitoids, including A. reticulata, are both known to regulate host endocrinology. However, the GV and EPV have distinct host regulation mechanisms, and consequently have different impacts on the survival of A. retuculata, when A. reticulata parasitizes a host that is infected with either GV or EPV. These additional effects on host regulation displayed by both viruses and parasitoids affect the outcome of virus-parasitoid interactions.

关键词： Tea biological control Tortricidae Insect viruses Parasitoids

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biological control of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora by Streptomyces Species

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第2期6卷 104-114页

作者： Tinatin Doolotkeldieva Saykal Bobusheva Ayzat Suleymankisi Plant Protection Department Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University Bishkek City Kyrgyzstan

Ten isolates of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) were isolated from infected potato tubers of Picasso, Sante, and Nevskiy varieties collected from different regions in Kyrgyzstan. Isolates were identified as Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) by standard bacteriological techniques and pathogenicity tests on tubers and also by PCR analyses. Tests on the pathogenicity of E. carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) strains to host plants by artificial inoculation have shown a high sensibility of the Picasso variety. As a result, five isolates were chosen, three isolates (EcPo1, EcPo2, and Eco3) were highly pathogenic, while two isolates (Eco4 and Eco5) were weakly pathogenic. The antagonistic bacteria, Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strain sk-6, and Streptomyces graminearuss strain sk-2, have a highly significant effect on soft rot bacteria isolates (Ecc), more than the other tested antagonistic organisms in vitro screening biotests. The Streptomyces diastatochromogenes sk-6 was selected for the control assay of storage potatoes against the most common soft rot bacterial strain in Kyrgyzstan, Erwinia carotovora sp. carotovora EcPo2. The pretreatment of potato tubers with antagonistic bacteria successfully prevented the initial infection multiplication of soft rot bacteria and reduced soft rot disease of potatoes in storage. These results justify selection of the dose 106 cells/ml of bacteria Streptomyces diastatochromogenes sk-6 for use in powdering the infected or non-infected potato tubers to suppress the development soft rot during storage. Streptomyces diastatochromogenes sk-6 as a biological disinfectant could destroy surface and internal infections, protect the tubers from the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria in the early period of their reproduction, and improve the overwintering of winter crops.

关键词： Potato Tubers Soft Rot Disease Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora biological control Streptomyces diastatochromogenes

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biological control of Erosion of Banana Drains in Côte D’ivoire

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 493-501页

作者： Kouadio Y. Prosper Boraud N’Takpé Kama Maxime Tiébré Marie-Solange Djakalia Ouattara Edouard Kouakou N’guessan Laboratory of Botany UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The erosion of drains is a major limitation of the quality, the increasing of banana production and the environmental protection of industrial banana in Côte d'Ivoire. It leads inundations, death of banana trees and significant loss of production. Thence, the construction and the maintenance of drain costs too much and causes injure, snake bite, physical traumatisms, many diseases, … These events compromise the sustainable production of banana by reducing seriously worker’s the activities and finally increase the cost of production. The aim of the present work is to contribute to the sustainable development and human capacity building in the third world nations as far as banana production is concerned. The methods used so far to address this phenomenon proved inefficient. The technology innovation in this area has been to grow grass on the outer edges of the channels drained water. This resulted in a systematic reduction of erosion. Better still, it helped fertilize the soil, reduce the deportations of fertilizer and improve the quality of landscape of the plantations. Stenotaphrum secondatum is the best vegetable specie adapted to the biological control against water erosion of drains.

关键词： Banana biological control Ivory Coast Drain Environment

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