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Flavonoid-producing tomato plants have a direct negative effect on the zoophytophagous Biological Control agent Oriussauteri

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Insect Science 2023年第1期30卷 173-184页

作者： Fengbo Yang Xinyi Zhang Haowei Shen Hu Xue Tian Tian Qinghe Zhang Jinyu Hu Hong Tong Youjun Zhang Qi Su Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouHubei ProvinceChina Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBejingChina

Orius sauteri(Poppius)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)is often used for Biological Control of small arthropod pests in greenhouse vegetable production systems in Asia.In addition to feeding on arthropod prey,O.sauteri consumes small quantities of plant material.Previous studies demonstrated that tomato plant chemistry confers antixenosis resistance to phloem-feeding whiteflies,but the potential nontarget effects of phytochemicals on the beneficial predator O.sauteri are unknown.Comparison of O.sauteri confined to near-isogenic lines(NILs)of tomatoes producing high levels offlavonoids(NIL-purple hypocotyl;resistant to whiteflies)and low levels of flavonoids(NIL-green hypocotyl;susceptible to whiteflies)revealed that O.sauteri had reduced oviposition,nymphal survival,and development on resistant plants,even if they were also provided with prey that did not feed on the host plant.Moreover,O.sauteri showed a significant ovipositional preference in choice assays,laying significantly more eggs on susceptible than on resistant plants.Molecular gut content analysis using the specific chloroplast trnL gene from tomato confirmed that adult and immature O.sauteri feed on both resistant and susceptible genotypes,and feeding behavior assays revealed that resistance did not affect plant feeding or prey acceptance by O.sauteri adults.These results demonstrate a direct negative effect of phytochemicals on a nontarget beneficial species and indicate that resistance mediated by phytochemicals can affect organisms that do not solely feed on phloem sap.The results also indicate that the mode of action and the potential ecological effects of phytochemicalmediated resistance are broader than previously recognized.

关键词： Biological Control host plant resistance insect resistance integrated pest management natural enemy phytochemistry

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Identification of Motor Nuclei in the Medulla Oblongata of Carp for Biological Control

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 842-851页

作者： Yang Zhao Yong Peng Yudong Wen Lingjun Han Yanhong Yan Xueying Dong Hui Zhang Zheng Zhao Xiaoyue Liu School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Key Laboratory of National Defense of Mechanical Structure and Material Science Under Extreme Conditions Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Institute of Marine Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Shijiazhuang University Shijiazhuang050035China

Brain-controlled technology is the key technology in Biological Control,and the corresponding relationship between animal brain nuclei and motor behavior is the core.The purpose of this study was to explore the motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata in carp.The carps were subjected to electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation experiments,respectively,in the water-free state,and the effective chemical stimulation sites were injected with the pontamine sky blue solution.The brain tissue sections were obtained by paraffin tissue section technology and the neutral red staining method.By comparing the positions of the brain nuclei shown in earlier studies,the motor nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata were identified.The brain electrode was implanted into the motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata,and the underwater control experiment and behavioral tests were carried out with different electrical stimulation parameters.The results showed that the abducens nucleus(NVI)was the motor nucleus that controls the ipsilateral steering,and the facial nucleus(NVII)was the motor nucleus that controls the forward movement.By adjusting the stimulation voltage and the stimulation pulse number,the carp can be stably controlled to achieve a left–right steering motion of 30°–180°and a forward motion of more than 80 cm/s.This study indicated that the quantitative control of the steering and forward behavior of the carp can be achieved by electrical stimulation of the NVI and NVII,which provided a certain experimental basis for the accurate control of the carp robot.

关键词： Biological Control Carp Medulla oblongata motor nucleus Electrical stimulation technique Chemical stimulation technique

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Differential temperature responses between Plutella xylostella and its specialist endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum—Implications for Biological Control

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 855-864页

作者： Leyun Wang Kayvan Etebari Zihua Zhao Gimme H.Walter Michael J.Furlong School of biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Understanding the thermal dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions is crucial to predicting how Biological Control of pest insects by parasitoids might be affected by geographic location and climate change.We compared performance traits of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)and its solitary endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae),over a wide range of constant rearing temperatures(10-30℃).Parasitoids reared at 30℃ experienced reductions in pupation rate,pupal mass,egg load,and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower temperatures.Our analyses of the fate of parasitoids and their hosts and intergenerational population growth at different rearing temperatures show that D.semiclausum and P.xylostella respond differently to temperature,leading to divergent outcomes under different temperature conditions.Some parasitoid larvae could not complete development at 30℃,the temperature at which the host biomass was least and the metabolic demands of the parasitoid could be high,suggesting that parasitoid development might be constrained by lack of host resources at higher temperatures.We discuss the potential mechanisms of parasitoid susceptibility to elevated temperatures,which likely explain the pronounced seasonal dynamics of D.semiclausum in subtropical regions and its failure to establish in lowland tropical regions,where P.xylostella is a serious pest.Similar interactions in other host-parasitoid associations would constrain the efficacy of parasitoids as Biological Control agents as global temperatures increase.

关键词： Biological Control climate change Diadegma semiclausum host-parasitoid interaction,Plutella xylostella temperature

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Population genetic structure of the Biological Control agent Macrolophus pygmaeus in Mediterranean agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 859-876页

作者： Jean-Claude Streito Cecile Clouett Faten Hamdi Nathalie Gauthier IRD UMR (INRA/IRDICiradlMontpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations INRA UMR (INRA/IRDI CiradlMontpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 34988Montferrier-sur-Lez France

Biological Control of agricultural pests relies on knowledge of agroecosystem functionality, particularly when affected by the use of mass-produced biological agents. Incorporating pre- and/or post-release information such as genetic diversity and struc- ture on these agents using molecular-based approaches could advance our knowledge of how they perform in agroecosystems. We evaluated the population genetics of Macrolo- phus pygmaeus, the most widely used predatory mirid against many arthropod pests of greenhouse crops in the Mediterranean region, using the mitochondrial Cytb sequence and microsatellite data, and population genetics and phylogeny approaches. We investigated commercially mass-produced insects （i.e., commercial insects either mass-reared in the laboratory for many generations, or purchased by farmers and released in the greenhouses） and ＂wild＂ insects （i.e., that occur naturally outside or are collected in nature for release in the greenhouses）. The mirids were mainly collected in agroecosystems in which solana- ceous plants are grown in northern Spain, southern France and Greece. Both molecular markers and approaches distinguished 2 genetically differentiated populations. The less genetically diverse population, hereafter named the ＂commercial＂ strain included all indi- viduals from laboratory mass-rearings and most releases of commercially bred individuals. The most genetically diverse population mainly comprised individuals originating from noncultivated environments, or from releases of＂wild＂ individuals. Rare examples of hy- bridization between M. pygmaeus from the 2 populations were observed and asymmetric gene flow was revealed. These findings provide new insights into what happens to M. pyg- maeus released in the agroecosystems we studied, and show that it is possible to monitor some commercial strains.

关键词： Biological Control commercial vs. wild strains Macrolophus pygmaeus microsatellites mtCytb population genetics

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Identification and Characterization of Lysobacter enzymogenes as a Biological Control Agent Against Some Fungal Pathogens

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第1期8卷 68-75页

作者： QIAN Guo-liang HU Bai-shi JIANG Ying-hua LIU Feng-quan Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University~Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Managementof Crop Diseases and Pest Insects Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

Strain OH11, a Gram-negative, nonspore forming, rod-shaped bacterium with powerful antagonistic activity, was isolated from rhizosphere of green pepper in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences of China and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain OH11 belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria and had the highest degree of sequence similarity to Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 （AY074793）（99%）, Lysobacter enzymogenes strain N4-7 （U89965）（99%）, Lysobacter antibioticus strain （AB019582）（97%）, and Lysobacter gummosus strain （AB16136）（97%）. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain OHI 1 possesses a quinine system with Q-8 as the predominant compound and C15：0 iso, C17：1 iso ω9c as the predominant iso-branched fatty acids, all of which corroborated the assignment of strain OH11 to the genus Lysobacter. Results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly showed that strain OH11 was classified as Lysobacter enzymogenes. Strain OH11 could produce protease, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanase. It showed strong in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia scletotiorum, and several other phytopathogenic fungi. This is the first report of identification and characterization of Lysobacter enzymogenes as a Biological Control agent of plant diseases in China.

关键词： Lysobacter enzymogenes identification characterization Biological Control

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Energy budgets of the Chinese green lacewing （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） and its potential for Biological Control of the cotton aphid （Homoptera： Aphididae）

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 497-502页

作者： FENG GAO XIANG-HUI LIU FENG GE State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Energy budgets of larval stages of the Chinese green lacewing, Chrysopa sinica （Tjeder）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） were determined under laboratory conditions at photoperiod of 14：10 L：D, 27 ± 1℃ and 75% ± 2% RH. The energy used as ingestion, assimilation, respiration, productivity and feces was constructed for each developmental stage. In addition, under these experimental conditions, the potential of C. sinica as a Biological Control agent was evaluated according to the ingestion by this predator and the energy content of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii （Glover）（Homoptera： Aphididae）. The larval stage of C. sinica was able to consume 1281.4 1-day-old aphids, 1018.7 2-day-old aphids, 626.9 3-day-old aphids, 393.5 4-day-old aphids, 312.1 5-day-old aphids or 203.5 9-day-old aphids, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the estimated number of aphids consumed by the lacewings using energetic methods and the actual number of aphids consumed by the lacewings in this experiment. Our results showed that C. sinica is an important natural enemy of the cotton aphid, and energetic methods are very useful to quantify Biological Control efficacy of natural enemies.

关键词： Aphis gossypii Biological Control Chrysopa sinica ecological efficiency,energy budget predation

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controlling Dengue: Effectiveness of Biological Control and Vaccine in Reducing the Prevalence of Dengue Infection in Endemic Areas

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Health 2016年第1期8卷 64-74页

作者： Bryan Paul Wai Liang Tham Faculty of Science University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

With the increased prevalence of dengue infection in tropical countries, concerned members of the public are now pressing their local health ministries to act immediately and effectively in managing the rising numbers of reported cases. This includes reviews of the methodologies and the effectiveness of current combative systems to find other possible novel approaches that might yield better results. One of those novel approaches is the integration of a parasite into mosquito vector, manipulating the parasite-host interaction to reduce the transmission of dengue in endemic hotspots. Another alternative is by Sanofi-Pasteur’s dengue vaccine that showed over 60.8% success rate in reducing severe dengue infection in children aged 9 - 16 during its final clinical implementation phase. This report will compare and contrast these two novel ideas to determine which of the approaches are more likely to be effective in the long run. The aspects covered will include the application, effectiveness, functionality, and problems with these approaches. The results could then be utilised by governments or organizations to select precise and effective methods in reducing the prevalence of dengue infections in their countries.

关键词： Dengue Pathogenesis Pathology Immunology Biological Control Vaccine

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Potential of Some Antagonistic Bacteria for Biological Control of Potato Late Blight Caused by Phytophthora infestans

Potential of Some Antagonistic Bacteria for Biological Contr...

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中国菌物学会2018年学术年会

作者： Long Han Jichuan Kang Bangxing Lei College of Life Science Guizhou University Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China Guizhou University

Seven bacteria strains（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D1, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia he41, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Hd213, Bacillus subtilis H3, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DEB-2, Brevundimonas bullata Hd13,Lysinibacillus fusiformis he14） were tested in vitro for antagonistic properties against Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight. Different antagonistic bacteria were selected according to their inhibition effect on growth of Phytophthora infestans that caused potato late blight via dual-culture method. The inhibition rates of the 7 strains against mycelia growth of Phytophthora infestans were tested via flat plate pair method, of which 4 strains viz. he14, Hd213, Hd13 and D1 had the inhibition effect greater than 60%, and he14 had the highest inhibition effect of 67%. Meanwhile the fermentation broth of the strains showed significant inhibition effect on Phytophthora infestans, and the effect was enhanced by increasing the concentrations of the both. When their broth concentrations were 4%, the inhibition rates of D1 and H3 strains reached 100% respectively. In addition,the inhibition rates of all strains were 100% with the broth conentrations of 64%, which indicated that these bacterial strains had a great potential for the Biological Control of potato late blight.

关键词： Potato late blight,Phytophthora infestans Antagonistic bacteria Biological Control

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Primary Study on Biological Control Potential of Trichoderma harzianum TL-1

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2014年第2期5卷 25-28页

作者： Su Zhenyu Xiao Man Gao Xinzheng Tang Libo Li Li College of Science Hainan Medical University

Trichoderma harzianum is a widely used biocontrol fungus. The growth promoting effect of strain Trichoderma harzianum TL-1 on tomato and pepper and its Biological Control effects against tomato seedling damping-off and pepper blight were investigated through pot experiments. The results showed that the stain TL-1 had significant promotion effect on growth of pepper and tomato in sterilized and natural soils. With the application dose of 3. 0 and 0. 5g/ pot,their dry weight were increased up to 46% and 150% compared with control,respectively. In addition,TL-1 had good control effects against tomato seedling damping-off and pepper blight. Compared with fungicide treatment,TL-1 treatment could control diseases for long term,without repeat occurrence of diseases.

关键词： Trichoderma harzianum TL-1 Growth promoting effect Biological Control

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Study of the Constraints of Millet Production (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and the Peasant Perception of Biological Control in the Tahoua Region

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Rabé Mahamane Moctar Hama Oumarou Issaka Rabo Salissou Abdoulaye Amoustapha Soumaila Bakoye Nouhou Ousmane Baoua Ibrahim Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Djibo Hamani University of Tahoua Tahoua Niger NGO Sahel Bio of Maradi Maradi Niger Faculty of Agronomy and Environnemental Science DanDicko DanKoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger

Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is the Sahelian crop par excellence due to its adaptation to the particular production conditions in this region. Unfortunately, in recent years this crop has been threatened by very strong parasitic pressure and drought during the production period. The objective of this study is to analyze the main constraints of millet production and the solutions known to producers. A survey was carried out in November 2022 with a sample of 298 producers in five municipalities in the Tahoua region. The main constraints are drought and pressure from crop pests (locust, millet ear miner, floricultural insects) according to 57.9% of respondents. The millet ear miner is the most formidable pest according to 55% of respondents. Thus, the average yield obtained in a year of good production without the leafminer is 194 kg/ha and that obtained in a year of millet ear leafminer is around 27 kg to 43 kg/ha depending on the municipality. The yield obtained this last campaign after the attack of this leafminer varies from 64 to 77 kg/ha depending on the municipalities compared to a potential yield of over 1000 kg/ha. More than half of producers (58.1%) are unaware of the existence of Biological Control compared to only 12.5% who are aware of this alternative method. Work to popularize this technology is necessary in the five municipalities and the entire region in general.

关键词： Biological Control Ear Miner Millet

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